◆第二章◆　長對話

長對話雖然也采用兩人日常對話的形式，但難度與短對話相比，卻大多了。短對話的答案一般是“顯而易見”的，而長對話涉及的內(nèi)容更深入，信息量更大，并且問題是在整組對話之后提出，考生很難準確捕捉到問題考查的關(guān)鍵信息。因此，考生有必要熟悉長對話的常見設(shè)題點，以便能鎖定重點，抓住關(guān)鍵信息。

一、長對話解題思路與技巧

1．常見設(shè)題點

1）首尾處

首尾處是重要的設(shè)題處，考查對主旨或討論話題的把握。

2）舉例、列舉處

舉例、列舉處往往也是出題的重點。因此，當(dāng)聽到such as，for example，for instance，the first，the second等一類詞語時，應(yīng)加以留意。

3）比較或?qū)Ρ忍?/p>

含有形容詞、副詞的比較級或最高級，as…as同級比較，以及while，whereas，compared with，in contrast等詞或短語引出的比較或?qū)Ρ冉Y(jié)構(gòu)的句子往往提供重要信息或者就是答案的出處。

4）邏輯關(guān)系處

表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、條件等邏輯關(guān)系的地方是長對話與短文的出題重點，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)aswell as，not only…but also，but，however，if，even if，even though等表示邏輯關(guān)系的連接詞時，應(yīng)重點關(guān)注。

5）強調(diào)處

強調(diào)的地方肯定是長對話的重點所在。因此，需留意對話中出現(xiàn)的強調(diào)句型、助動詞強調(diào)以及actually，particularly等表示強調(diào)的副詞。

2．解題步驟

1）橫看：推測問題類型及內(nèi)容，確定聽音時需要關(guān)注的主要信息點。

橫看，橫向比較某一道題各個選項相同以及不同的部分，以便在聽原文的時候特意去聽不同的部分。很多選項都有比較明顯的特點，或者使用某種專門的表達形式，如均為動詞原形或均為人物角色等；或者含有一些標志性的詞語，如均含有描述某人性格或某事特點的詞語。通過這些選項特點及選項內(nèi)容，我們便可以推測問題可能考查的核心內(nèi)容，從而在聽音時更有針對性。

2）縱看：預(yù)覽選項，注意相同或相關(guān)詞語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，預(yù)測對話的主題。

縱向比較，豎看其他各題選項的內(nèi)容。雖然長對話的篇幅增加，但其透露出的信息比短對話內(nèi)容更完整，情景更具體。一篇長對話通常有三至四個題目，每個題目四個選項。當(dāng)我們?yōu)g覽完選項后，基本上就能夠推測出對話的主題和談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。這對于我們接下來的聽力理解很有幫助。

3）捕捉信息，抓取關(guān)鍵點，必要時做適當(dāng)筆記。

由于篇幅的增加，短時間內(nèi)記住這么多的內(nèi)容難度非常大，所以在聽錄音的時候養(yǎng)成做筆記的習(xí)慣至關(guān)重要。筆記主要記下長對話中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息，例如對話中出現(xiàn)的時間、地點、人名和數(shù)字等。

二、長對話練習(xí)

Exercise One

Conversation One

1．A）She was a bank manager．

　B）She was a victim of the robbery．

　C）She was a defense lawyer．

　D）She was a witness to the crime．

2．A）A tallman with dark hair and amoustache．

　B）A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater．

　C）A youth with a distinguishingmark on his face．

　D）A medium-sized youngman carrying a gun．

3．A）Identify the suspect from pictures．

　B）Have her photo taken for their files．

　C）Go upstairs to sign some document．

　D）Verify the record ofwhat she had said．

Conversation Two

4．A）It is scheduled on Thursday night．　B）It is supposed to last nine weeks．

　C）It takes place once a week．　D）It usually starts at six．

5．A）Tomake good use of her spare time in the evening．

　B）Tomeet the requirements of her in-service training．

　C）To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible．

　D）To get some basic knowledge about carmaintenance．

6．A）Participate in group discussions．　B）Take turns tomake presentations．

　C）Listen to the teacher’s explanation．D）Answer the teacher’s questions．

7．A）Most of them are female．　B）Some have a part-time job．

　C）They plan to buy a new car．　D）A few of them are old chaps．

ExerciseT o

Conversation One

1．A）Hosting an evening TV program．　B）Having her bicycle repaired．

C）Lecturing on businessmanagement．D）Conducting amarket survey．

2．A）He repaired bicycles．　B）He served as a consultant．

C）He worked as a salesman．　D）He coached in a racing club．

3．A）He wanted to be his own boss．　B）He found itmore profitable．

C）He didn’twant to start from scratch．D）He didn’twant to be in toomuch debt．

4．A）They work five days a week．　B）They are all theman’s friends．

C）They are paid by the hour．　D）They all enjoy gambling．

Conversation Two

5．A）It has gradually given way to service industry．

　B）It remains amajor part of industrial activity．

　C）It has a history as long as paper processing．

　D）It accounts for 80 percent of the region’s GDP．

6．A）Transport problems．　B）Shortage of funding．

　C）Lack of resources．　D）Poormanagement．

7．A）Competition from rival companies．　B）Product promotion campaigns．

　C）Possible locations for a new factory．D）Measures to create job opportunities．

ExerciseThree

Conversation One

1．A）They are as good as historical films．B）They give youngsters a thrill．

　C）They have greatly improved．　D）They are better than comics on film．

2．A）The effectswere very good．　B）The acting was just so-so．

　C）The plotwas too complicated．　D）The characterswere lifelike．

3．A）They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle．

　B）They played the same role in War of theWorlds．

C）They are popular figures among young people．

　D）They are two leading characters in the film．

Conversation Two

4．A）He likes Sweden better than England．

　B）He prefers hotweather to cold weather．

　C）He is an Englishman living in Sweden．

　D）He visits London nearly every winter．

5．A）The bad weather．　B）The gloomy winter．

　C）The cold houses．　D）The long night．

6．A）Delightful．　B）Painful．　C）Depressing．　D）Refreshing．

7．A）They often stay up late reading．

　B）They work hard and play hard．

　C）They like to go camping in summer．

　D）They try to earn more and spend more．