◆第二章◆　長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話雖然也采用兩人日常對(duì)話的形式，但難度與短對(duì)話相比，卻大多了。短對(duì)話的答案一般是“顯而易見”的，而長(zhǎng)對(duì)話涉及的內(nèi)容更深入，信息量更大，并且問題是在整組對(duì)話之后提出，考生很難準(zhǔn)確捕捉到問題考查的關(guān)鍵信息。因此，考生有必要熟悉長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的常見設(shè)題點(diǎn)，以便能鎖定重點(diǎn)，抓住關(guān)鍵信息。

一、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話解題思路與技巧

1．常見設(shè)題點(diǎn)

1）首尾處

首尾處是重要的設(shè)題處，考查對(duì)主旨或討論話題的把握。

2）舉例、列舉處

舉例、列舉處往往也是出題的重點(diǎn)。因此，當(dāng)聽到such as，for example，for instance，the first，the second等一類詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)加以留意。

3）比較或?qū)Ρ忍?/p>

含有形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，as…as同級(jí)比較，以及while，whereas，compared with，in contrast等詞或短語(yǔ)引出的比較或?qū)Ρ冉Y(jié)構(gòu)的句子往往提供重要信息或者就是答案的出處。

4）邏輯關(guān)系處

表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、條件等邏輯關(guān)系的地方是長(zhǎng)對(duì)話與短文的出題重點(diǎn)，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)aswell as，not only…but also，but，however，if，even if，even though等表示邏輯關(guān)系的連接詞時(shí)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。

5）強(qiáng)調(diào)處

強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方肯定是長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)所在。因此，需留意對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)以及actually，particularly等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的副詞。

2．解題步驟

1）橫看：推測(cè)問題類型及內(nèi)容，確定聽音時(shí)需要關(guān)注的主要信息點(diǎn)。

橫看，橫向比較某一道題各個(gè)選項(xiàng)相同以及不同的部分，以便在聽原文的時(shí)候特意去聽不同的部分。很多選項(xiàng)都有比較明顯的特點(diǎn)，或者使用某種專門的表達(dá)形式，如均為動(dòng)詞原形或均為人物角色等；或者含有一些標(biāo)志性的詞語(yǔ)，如均含有描述某人性格或某事特點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。通過這些選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)及選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，我們便可以推測(cè)問題可能考查的核心內(nèi)容，從而在聽音時(shí)更有針對(duì)性。

2）縱看：預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)，注意相同或相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話的主題。

縱向比較，豎看其他各題選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。雖然長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的篇幅增加，但其透露出的信息比短對(duì)話內(nèi)容更完整，情景更具體。一篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話通常有三至四個(gè)題目，每個(gè)題目四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。當(dāng)我們?yōu)g覽完選項(xiàng)后，基本上就能夠推測(cè)出對(duì)話的主題和談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。這對(duì)于我們接下來的聽力理解很有幫助。

3）捕捉信息，抓取關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，必要時(shí)做適當(dāng)筆記。

由于篇幅的增加，短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住這么多的內(nèi)容難度非常大，所以在聽錄音的時(shí)候養(yǎng)成做筆記的習(xí)慣至關(guān)重要。筆記主要記下長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息，例如對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名和數(shù)字等。

二、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話練習(xí)

Exercise One

Conversation One

1．A）She was a bank manager．

　B）She was a victim of the robbery．

　C）She was a defense lawyer．

　D）She was a witness to the crime．

2．A）A tallman with dark hair and amoustache．

　B）A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater．

　C）A youth with a distinguishingmark on his face．

　D）A medium-sized youngman carrying a gun．

3．A）Identify the suspect from pictures．

　B）Have her photo taken for their files．

　C）Go upstairs to sign some document．

　D）Verify the record ofwhat she had said．

Conversation Two

4．A）It is scheduled on Thursday night．　B）It is supposed to last nine weeks．

　C）It takes place once a week．　D）It usually starts at six．

5．A）Tomake good use of her spare time in the evening．

　B）Tomeet the requirements of her in-service training．

　C）To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible．

　D）To get some basic knowledge about carmaintenance．

6．A）Participate in group discussions．　B）Take turns tomake presentations．

　C）Listen to the teacher’s explanation．D）Answer the teacher’s questions．

7．A）Most of them are female．　B）Some have a part-time job．

　C）They plan to buy a new car．　D）A few of them are old chaps．

ExerciseT o

Conversation One

1．A）Hosting an evening TV program．　B）Having her bicycle repaired．

C）Lecturing on businessmanagement．D）Conducting amarket survey．

2．A）He repaired bicycles．　B）He served as a consultant．

C）He worked as a salesman．　D）He coached in a racing club．

3．A）He wanted to be his own boss．　B）He found itmore profitable．

C）He didn’twant to start from scratch．D）He didn’twant to be in toomuch debt．

4．A）They work five days a week．　B）They are all theman’s friends．

C）They are paid by the hour．　D）They all enjoy gambling．

Conversation Two

5．A）It has gradually given way to service industry．

　B）It remains amajor part of industrial activity．

　C）It has a history as long as paper processing．

　D）It accounts for 80 percent of the region’s GDP．

6．A）Transport problems．　B）Shortage of funding．

　C）Lack of resources．　D）Poormanagement．

7．A）Competition from rival companies．　B）Product promotion campaigns．

　C）Possible locations for a new factory．D）Measures to create job opportunities．

ExerciseThree

Conversation One

1．A）They are as good as historical films．B）They give youngsters a thrill．

　C）They have greatly improved．　D）They are better than comics on film．

2．A）The effectswere very good．　B）The acting was just so-so．

　C）The plotwas too complicated．　D）The characterswere lifelike．

3．A）They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle．

　B）They played the same role in War of theWorlds．

C）They are popular figures among young people．

　D）They are two leading characters in the film．

Conversation Two

4．A）He likes Sweden better than England．

　B）He prefers hotweather to cold weather．

　C）He is an Englishman living in Sweden．

　D）He visits London nearly every winter．

5．A）The bad weather．　B）The gloomy winter．

　C）The cold houses．　D）The long night．

6．A）Delightful．　B）Painful．　C）Depressing．　D）Refreshing．

7．A）They often stay up late reading．

　B）They work hard and play hard．

　C）They like to go camping in summer．

　D）They try to earn more and spend more．