3　選擇題型的閱讀理解

這部分是考生最為熟悉的四選一的選擇題。根據(jù)大綱對(duì)考生能力測(cè)試的規(guī)定，CET4中選擇題型的篇章閱讀理解部分的題目可以歸納為三類：主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題和推理題。

(1)主旨題

主旨題主要考查考生對(duì)文章的總體理解。它包括文章標(biāo)題、中心思想、作者的態(tài)度及文章的基調(diào)等。

主旨題常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式有：

What is the main idea of the passage?

What is the main subject of this passage?

What is the main topic of this passage?

The central point of the selection is that_________.

The selection is concerned primarily with_________.

The author is mainly concerned with_________.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

The passage is mainly about_________.

Which illustrates the main idea of the selection?

Which of the following sentences best describes the writer's main point in paragraph one?

Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?

The statement that best relates the main idea o f this passage is_________.

針對(duì)文章標(biāo)題的常用題目有：

What would be an appropriate title for this passage?

Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

The best title for this passage would be/might be/is_________.

What might be the best title of this passage?

The most suitable title of the passage is_________.

Which is the best suggested title?

The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.

The title below that best expresses the ideas o f this passage is_________.

考查文章的基調(diào)或作者的寫作目的的常用提問(wèn)方式有：

The tone of this essay is_________.

The author's attitude is best described as one of_________.

What is the author's main purpose in this passage?

What might be the purpose of the author to write this passage?

The author's main purpose of the passage is to_________.

What is the primary purpose of the passage?

例如：2004年6月閱讀理解Passage Two第19題：

The author considers office politics to be_________.

A)unwelcome at the workplace

B)bad for interpersonal relationships

C)indispensable to the development of company culture

D)an important factor for personal advancement

【答案】D

【分析】這是一個(gè)對(duì)主旨的理解題。本題針對(duì)作者把辦公室策略看作是什么進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。綜合全篇，盡管作者在文中似乎大部分是引用“experts say，Dale Carnegie suggested，People assume，psychologists say，Experts suggest”等語(yǔ)句，但從文章中可以看出作者自己也持相同的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)照幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可得出答案是D。

在說(shuō)明文和議論文中，往往有主題句表明中心思想，段中有段旨句點(diǎn)明段落中心。主題句通常在文章的開始或結(jié)尾，少數(shù)出現(xiàn)在文中。在回答主旨題型時(shí)，抓住文章各段落的要點(diǎn)是非常有利于答題的。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)題涉及的面很廣。有的涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算，如時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等，計(jì)算后方可選定正確答案；有的涉及正誤判斷，要根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的線索，找到文中相應(yīng)部分，再選出答案；還有的尋問(wèn)事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果或目的等。對(duì)于這類細(xì)節(jié)性的問(wèn)題，多數(shù)文章都比較明顯地提供了事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，其答案必定在文章論述范圍之內(nèi)。常用命題方式主要有：

第一，問(wèn)句式。

以提問(wèn)的形式提出問(wèn)題，所有的題目常以“WHAT，WHY，WHEN，WHICH”等WH-Questions及“HOW”引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題作為開始的問(wèn)句，其出題形式主要有：

1)What does(did)somebody(something)do?

2)What do people like to do for...?

3)What effect did something have on...?

4)What is(was)the purpose of...?

5)Why is(was)it necessary for somebody(not)to do something?

6)Where should somebody do something?

7)Where is(was)...located?

8)How many(days，months，years，hours，minutes，etc.)does(did) somebody do something?

9)How did something happen?

10)When was something done?

11)When did it happen?

12)Which of the following people should(not)do it?

13)Which of the following did somebody have to deal with(face...)?

第二，不完整的陳述句式。

要求讀者選出的答案與題干構(gòu)成的句子在意義上與原文內(nèi)容相符。其出題形式有：

1)Somebody has(had)been known to do something only when he(she)is(was)something is(was) made out of_________.

2)According to the passage，somebody does(did)something(in order) to_________.

3)Something can(could)best be named(classified，called...)_________ as.

4) The value of something amounts to_________.

5) A certain kind of person is someone who_________.

6) People are looking for better ways to_________.

7)From their experience，they concluded that_________.

8)When doing something，it is important to_________.

9)Apparently he(she)felt(thought) that_________.

10) The reason why he did it was_________.

11)According to the author，“it”was caused by_________.

第三，排除式。

排除式要求我們排除一些說(shuō)明信息或找出原文未敘及的內(nèi)容。其出題形式有：

1)In the passage，the author refers to something or somebody as all of the following except_________.

2)Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?

3)According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

4)Which of the following is NOT stated in...?

5)Which of the following is NOT listed as...?

6)Which of the following is NOT necessary for...?

7)From the report you can NOT get the information of_________.

8)Which of the following is NOT included in the display?

9) The author does NOT tell us_________.

例如：2005年12月閱讀理解passage two第27題：

How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?

A)They demanded a through investigation.

B)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.

C)They accused those responsible for it.

D)They felt somewhat helpless about it.

【答案】B

【分析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是：當(dāng)?shù)氐木用駥?duì)預(yù)算短缺的反應(yīng)是什么。文首pitch into，意思為“投入”，表明該地區(qū)居民的態(tài)度，即他們?cè)敢馊椭鉀Q問(wèn)題。同時(shí)我們可以從其語(yǔ)句中看到其態(tài)度：“if we can help ease their financial burden，we will.”(如果我們能幫著解決這個(gè)財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，我們會(huì)那么做的)。B選項(xiàng)中的pool一詞也有“集中，聚合”的意思。因此B項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意義“他們協(xié)力來(lái)幫助解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題”符合題意。

總之，這類問(wèn)題的表達(dá)往往不采用文章中的原話，而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)。因此，在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先讀懂題目，看問(wèn)題問(wèn)的究竟是什么；然后，注意尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息段落；最后，在充分理解原文，特別是該信息段落的基礎(chǔ)上確定正確答案。掌握以下幾條規(guī)律有助于解題：

1)文章敘述順序和出題順序一致。

2)從題干中尋找特征詞，然后到原文中定位。常用定位詞有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名等的名詞。

3)從選項(xiàng)中尋找一個(gè)與所定位內(nèi)容意思最接近的作為正確答案。

4)選項(xiàng)中有totally，completely，unlimitedly，absolutely，extremely等詞，往往排除該選項(xiàng)。

(3)推理判斷題

做這類題不但要求掌握文章所表達(dá)的字面含義，還要掌握一定的邏輯判斷能力及寫作技巧知識(shí)，從文章表面推出更深層含義。推理性問(wèn)題主要包括意圖和寫作技巧兩大類。

1)意圖

文字上往往沒(méi)有明顯反映作者意圖的詞，需要讀者從字里行間去體會(huì)，靠讀者自己的邏輯推理能力去判斷。從上下文的連貫及文中有關(guān)部分的暗示去分析作者隱含的意思。這類問(wèn)題的命題方式有：

The writer implies but not directly states tha t_________.

It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

The author strongly suggests that_________.

It can be concluded from the passage that_________.

From the passage we may conclude that_________.

The passage is intended to_________.

The writer indicates that_________.

From the passage we have learned that_________.

2)寫作技巧

文章中的每一句話都有它的作用和目的，都是為文章中心思想服務(wù)的。有的是下層意思的鋪墊，有的是上句話的結(jié)果。四級(jí)閱讀中常常就技巧性問(wèn)題提問(wèn)，測(cè)試考生對(duì)文章是否正確理解。這類題的命題方式有：

The fact...is mentioned by the author to show_________.

The author achieves his purpose by depending m ainly upon_________.

The writer talks about...in order to_________.

例如：2003年12月閱讀理解Passage One第25題：

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A)Anxiety，though unavoidable，can be coped with.

B)Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.

C)Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.

D)Anxiety，if properly controlled，may help children become mature.

【答案】C。在父母親的關(guān)照下，孩子們的焦慮可以得到消減。

【分析】推理題。題目意思是：從文中能得出什么結(jié)論?A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在結(jié)論太過(guò)絕對(duì)，說(shuō)壓力是不可避免的。文中最后一段有這樣一句話sometimes anxiety is unavoidable，意為“有時(shí)候壓力是不可避免的”，因此，A選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。B、D項(xiàng)明顯不正確，在整篇文章中未曾提及。而C項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意義“如果家長(zhǎng)更多地關(guān)心兒童，就能有效地減少孩子們的焦慮”，這是整篇文章的主旨所在。

推理題主要與下列詞或表達(dá)有關(guān)：imply，infer，infer from，conclude，draw a conclusion，learn，learn from，suggest，intend，show等。

這一類型題目的答案往往在文章的字面上不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，考生必須從字里行間來(lái)體會(huì)作者的意圖，或根據(jù)文章已經(jīng)陳述的觀點(diǎn)、事實(shí)和例證等來(lái)推斷。要做好這類題歸根結(jié)底要對(duì)文章內(nèi)容做到真正的理解和掌握。