第四篇　歷年閱讀真題解析

2004年

Passage One

Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance.During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more.In time，many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science—for example，concerning energy sources，pollution control，highway safety，wilderness conservation，and population growth.As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration.And，as consumers，they will be bombarded（受到轟擊）by advertising，much of which is said to be based on science.

Therefore，it is important that children，the citizens of the future，become functionally acquainted with science—with the process and spirit of science，as well as with its facts and principles.Fortunately，science has a natural appeal for youngsters.They can relate it to so many things that they encounter—flashlights，tools，echoes，and rainbows.Besides，science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content.It can help pupils learn to think logically，to organize and analyse ideas.It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics.In fact，there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute，whether it is geography，history，language arts，music，or art!

Above all，good science teaching leads to what might be called a“scientific attitude”.Those who possess it seek answers through observing，experimenting，and reasoning，rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others.They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution.While respecting the opinions of others，they expect honesty，accuracy，and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations.All children should be developing this approach to solving problems，but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information.Continual practice，through guided participation，is needed.

Questions：

1.One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will＿＿＿.

A.work in scientific research institutions

B.work at jobs closely related to science

C.make the final decision in matters concerning science

D.be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration

2.There is no doubt that children like learning science because＿＿＿.

A.science is linked with many of the things they meet

B.science is a very easy subject for them to learn

C.they encounter the facts and principles of science daily

D.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science

3.Pupils can learn logical thinking while＿＿＿.

A.practicing communication skills

B.studying geography

C.taking art courses

D.learning science

4.People with a scientific attitude＿＿＿.

A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of others

B.tend to reach conclusions with certainty

C.are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments

D.seek truth through observation，experimentation and reasoning

5.In the passage the writer seems to＿＿＿.

A.prove that science is a successful course in school

B.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school

C.suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum

D.predict that children who learn science will be good scientists

Passage Two

My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma.Yes，they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the year.

The first sign of my parents’change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores.These two people，who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls，become crazy consumers.While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely，they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight.And this is only the beginning of the holidays!

When my brother’s children arrive，Grandpa and Grandma come into full form.First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids.While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take two bites of corm，beets（甜菜），or liver（foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining），the grandchildren never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them.Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe（賄賂）the littlest ones into following her around the house，while Grandpa offers“surprises”of candy and cake to them all day long.Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale.The kids love all the sweets，and when the sugar raises their energy levels，Grandma and Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.

Once the grandchildren have arrived，Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life.If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner，he is“developing his own personality”；if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror，she is“just a curious child”.But，if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries，I become“careless”；if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook，I am“impatient”.If Paula talks back to her mother，Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit.If I say one word about all of this excessive love，Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.

Questions：

1.As regards his parents’shopping for the grandchildren，the author＿＿＿.

A.feels jealous　　　　　　B.feels amazed

C.thinks it unnecessary　　D.thinks it annoying

2.What happens after the kids have had all the sweets？

A.They get highly energetic.　　B.They quiet down.

C.They want more sweets.　　　　D.They go to bed.

3.Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children？

A.They behave very well.

B.They like chocolate very much.

C.They receive toys from their grandparents.

D.They are having a lot of fun.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that when the author was a child，he＿＿＿.

A.liked the foods he had

B.got a lot of pocket money

C.was spoiled by his parents

D.was scolded if hemis behaved

5.“Personality transformation”in the author’s parents means that they＿＿＿.

A.have turned into loving parents

B.have become strict parents

C.no longer care for the author

D.used to believe in discipline for children

Passage Three

Diego Chiapello，legally blind since birth，isn’t one of Italy’s famous“mama’s boys”who live with their parents into adulthood.The 27-year-old lives alone in Milan，works as a network administrator，loves diving and dreams of sailing across the Atlantic with a sightim paired（有視力障礙的）crew.

Obviously，he’s not your average disabled person—but especially so in Italy.The country has more barriers to integration than almost anywhere else on the Continent：among European countries，Italy ranks third from the bottom in accessibility for the disabled，ahead of only Greece and Portugal，People who use wheelchairs，especially，find it difficult to navigate the country’s cobblestone（鵝卵石）streets，ride buses or visit restaurants，shops and museums.Less than a quarter of Italy’s disabled hold jobs compared with 47 percent for Europe.

But the biggest obstacle for the country’s physically challenged may，in fact，be the fabled Italian family.Because of the social defect that still attaches to disabilities，“they tend to keep disabled people at home”and out of public view，explains Giovanni Marri，head of an employment training center in Milan that caters to the handicapped.Thus while 15 percent of the country’s families include a disabled person，according to surveys，only 2 percent of Italians report going to school with a disabled person and only 4 percent work with one.

Italians are beginning to recognize the problem.Over the past decade，the government has passed laws targeting everything from workplace discrimination to accessibility requirements.A recent study by the European Union found that 85 percent of Italians admit that public transportation and infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）are inadequate for the handicapped，and 97 percent say action is needed.But the biggest barrier is psychological.“Italian companies are afraid of hiring disabled people，”says Chiapello.The only way to alter that，he says，is for Italy’s disabled to do what he did—get out of the house and demand change.

Questions：

1.Which of the following words best describes“mama’s boys”？

A.Ordinary　　 B.Optimistic

C.Dependent　　D.Desirable

2.In this passage，Chiapello is cited as an example of＿＿＿.

A.unusual disabled Italians

B.courageous blind sailors

C.typical handicapped people

D.vulnerable disabled Europeans

3.In Italy，where are the disabled people most likely to be？

A.On the street.B.At home.

C.In school.D.At work.

4.Italy’s general public will most probably agree that＿＿＿.

A.physical inadequacies are the biggest obstacle for the disabled

B.things should be done to remove the barriers against the disabled

C.workplace prejudices toward the disabled are hardly recognizable

D.disabled people should reduce the need of going to public places

5.What is the passage mainly about？

A.Italy has not enough in aiding the disabled.

B.Italy’s disabled people should get out of their houses.

C.Italian people have been blind to troubles of the disabled.

D.Italian ways of aiding the disabled should be encouraged.

Passage Four

The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing.That’s partly because labs are bigger，problems are more complicated，and more different subspecialties are needed.But it’s also because U.S.government agencies have started to promote“team science”.As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era，federal funds built expensive national facilities，and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.

Yet multiple authorship—however good it maybe in other ways—presents troubles for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work.For the journals，long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves.But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper.If there is research misconduct，how should the liability be allocated among the authors？If there is an honestmis take in one part of the work but not in others，how should an evaluator aim his or her review？

Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue.One is that each author should provide，and the journal should then publish，an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work.But a different view of the problem，and perhaps of the solution，comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions，which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road.Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters.I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names，agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s，and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.

Problems of this kind change the argument，supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles.After all，if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions，then the judges better know what they did.But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole，whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field，a team is a team，and the members should share the credit or the blame.（367 words）

Questions：

1.According to the passage，there is a tendency that scientific papers＿＿＿.

A.are getting more complicated

B.are dealing with bigger problems

C.are more of a product of team work

D.are focusing more on natural than on social sciences

2.One of the problems with multiple authorship is that it is hard＿＿＿.

A.to allocate the responsibility if the paper goes wrong

B.to decide on how much contribution each reviewer has made

C.to assign the roles that the different authors are to play

D.to correspond with the authors when the readers feel the need to

3.According to the passage，authorship is important when＿＿＿.

A.practical or impractical suggestions of the authors are considered

B.appointments and promotions of the authors are involved

C.evaluators need to review the publication of the authors

D.the publication of the authors has become much-cited

4.According to the passage，whether multiple authors of a paper should be taken collectively or individually depends on＿＿＿.

A.whether judgments are made about the paper or its authors

B.whether it is the credit or the blame that the authors need to share

C.how many authors are involved in the paper

D.where the paper has been published

5.The best title for the passage can be＿＿＿.

A.Writing Scientific Papers：Publish or Perish

B.Collaboration and Responsibility in Writing Scientific Papers

C.Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Science

D.Multiple Authors，Multiple Problems

Passage Five

What produces a waterproof super glue，acts like a vacuum cleaner，and even teaches scientists about gene repair？The humble little shellfish known as the mussel（貽貝）.

Mussels are found worldwide.Some live in the sea.Others inhabit freshwater streams and lakes.When you try to move a mussel from a rock，you will discover what an incredibly firm grip it has—a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea.How does it manage to cling so tight？When it choose a place to set up home，it pokes its tongue-shaped foot out of its shell and presses it against a solid surface.Special glands give off a fluid mixture of proteins into a channel that runs the length of the foot.The liquid quickly hardens into a fine，elastic thread about an inch long.Then a tiny pad-like structure at the end of this thread gives off some natural glue-like substance，the mussel lifts its foot，and anchor line number one is complete.These strategically placed threads form a bundle，which ties the mussel to its new home in much the same way that ropes hold down a tent.The whole procedure takes only three or four minutes.

Imagine having a very strong glue that is non-toxic and so flexible that it can penetrate the tiniest holes and corners，sticking to any surface，even under water.Shipbuilders would welcome it for repairing vessels without the expense of dry-docking them.Auto-body workers would like a really waterproof paint that keeps the rust out.Surgeons would value a safe glue to join broken bones and to close wounds...The list of possible uses appears endless.

However，scientists are not thinking of using the mussels themselves to produce this super glue.It would take some 10，000 shellfish to make just one gram of glue.So collection enough mussels to supply the world’s demand for super glue would wipe out the mussel population，many species of which are already endangered.Instead，American researchers have isolated and cloned the genes for five mussel glue proteins，and they are about to mass-produce them in the laboratory.However，the mussel is still one jump ahead.Only the mussel instinctively knows the exact blend of proteins needed for each kind of surface.Molecular biologist Frank Roberto has asked admiringly：“How are you ever going to imitate that？”

Questions：

1.A mussel grips a hard surface very firmly to＿＿＿.

A.seal itself from being damaged by seawater

B.produce the waterproof super glue

C.protect itself from being blown away by strong wind

D.protect itself from being the food of other animals

2.The waterproof super glue originates in＿＿＿.

A.the mussel’s tongue-shaped foot

B.some glands in the mussel’s body

C.the thread given off by the mussel

D.the channel of the mussel’s foot

3.To tie itself safely to a new home，a mussel must＿＿＿.

A.produce a thread to anchor to the hard surface

B.draw air and water from its pad-like structure

C.hold down a tent as human beings do

D.place many anchor lines strategically

4.Scientists are not thinking of using mussels to produce the super glue mainly because of＿＿＿.

A.the possible mass-production of the super glue

B.their concern about the cost of collecting mussels

C.their concern about the extinction of the species

D.the world’s limited demand for the super glue

5.The main idea of this passage is that＿＿＿.

A.mussels can be used to produce super glue

B.mussels are much smarter than we think

C.it is important to protect mussels

D.mussels have an amazing power useful to man

2003年

Passage One

Andrea had never seen an old lady hitchhiking（搭車）before.However，the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady.The old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the car door，and pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet.She said to Andrea，in a voice that was almost a whisper，“Thank you dearie—I’m just going to Brock bourne.”

Something in the way the lady spoke，and the way she never turned her head，made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker.She didn’t know why，but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong，something odd，something dangerous.But how could an old lady be dangerous？It was absurd.

Careful not to turn her head，Andrea looked sideways at her passenger.She studied the hat，the dirty collar of the dress，the shapeless body，the arms with their thick black hairs.

Thick black hairs？

Hairy arms？Andrea’s blood froze.

This wasn’t a woman.It was a man.

At first，she didn’t know what to do.Then suddenly，an idea came into her racing，terrified brain.Swinging the wheel suddenly，she threw the car into a skid（剎車），and brought it to a halt.

“My God！”she shouted，“A child! Did you see the child？I think I hit her？”

The“old lady”was clearly shaken by the sudden skid.“I didn’t see anything dearie，”she said.“I don’t think you hit anything.”

“I’m sure it was a child！”insisted Andrea.“Could you just get out and have a look？Just see if there’s anything on the road？”She held her breath.Would her plan work？

It did.The passenger slowly climbed out to investigate.As soon as she was out of the vehicle，Andrea gunned the engine and accelerated madly away，and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.

It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her.Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity about the man.Pulling into the side of the road，Andrea opened the heavy bag curiously.

It contained only one item—a small hand axe，with a razor-sharp blade.The axe，and the inside of the bag，were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood.Andrea began to scream.Questions：

1.Andrea allowed the hitchhiker to take a ride in her car，mainly because＿＿＿.

A.the hitchhiker was an old woman

B.she was curious about the old lady

C.the lady had a heavy bag

D.she knew the old lady

2.What made Andrea afraid when she looked at the old lady？

A.She had a shapeless body.

B.She had a harsh voice.

C.She wore a dirty dress.

D.She had hairy arms.

3.Andrea suddenly stopped the car because＿＿＿.

A.she thought she had hit a child on the road

B.she skidded on some ice on the road

C.she wanted to trick the passenger into getting out

D.she couldn’t concentrate and nearly had a crash

4.Andrea looked in the passenger’s bag to＿＿＿.

A.examine what was in it

B.find out where the passenger lived

C.use the passenger’s tools

D.find out who the passenger was

5.Andrea screamed because＿＿＿.

A.she saw the hitchhiker come back

B.she realized she could have been killed

C.she was scared at seeing blood

D.she cut herself by the blade

Passage Two

Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding，the Netherlands plans to start building homes，businesses and even roads on water.

With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters，the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.

Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam，and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate，called Ijburg.

“Everybody asks why didn’t we do this kind of thing before，”said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt，director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept.“After Bangladesh we’re the most densely populated country in the world.Building space is scarce and government studies show that we’ll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs.”

Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats（拖船），the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats，which encase giant lumps of polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）reinforced with steel.The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables.The floating roads apply the same technology.

The concept is proving popular with the Dutch.The waiting list for such homes，which will cost between Euros 200，000- 500，000 to buy，runs to 5，000 names，claims Van der Woerdt.

With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables，planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.

A pilot project，covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport，is planned for 2005.

The opportunities for innovative developers look promising.“We have 10 projects in the pipeline-floating villages and cities complete with offices，shops and restaurants，”Van der Woerdt said.

Questions：

1.The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because＿＿＿.

A.most parts of the country are covered by water

B.the country is constantly threatened by floods

C.it will promote the cultivation of flowers

D.people think it better to live on water

2.By citing“Everyone asks why didn’t we do this kind of thing before”，the author wants to tell us that＿＿＿.

A.building floating communities is a very good idea

B.the director of the firm didn’t want to answer the question

C.the Netherlands should follow the example of Bangladesh

D.people are not satisfied with the government’s work

3.The floating houses will be＿＿＿.

A.reinforced with steel

B.made of concrete

C.constructed in water

D.built on boats

4.According to the author，the floating communities on water＿＿＿.

A.can promote market gardening

B.are beyond the reach of most Dutch people

C.will increase the cost of gardening

D.will be very popular by the year of 2005

5.“10 projects in the pipeline”in the last paragraph means＿＿＿.

A.“10 pipelines to provide gas”

B.“10 companies to lay the pipelines”

C.“10 floating houses to be built on water”

D.“10 building projects planned and started”

Passage Three

My new home was a long way from the centre of London but it was becoming essential to find a job，so finally Is pent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the tube.They were looking for guards，not drivers.This suited me.I couldn’t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train，and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations.The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors.T.S.Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company，I would be a tube guard.I could see my self being cheerful，useful，a good man in a crisis.Obviously I would be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges—those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.

The next day I sat down，with almost a hundred other candidates，for the intelligence test.I must have done all right because after half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test.This time there were only about fifty candidates.The examiner sat at a desk.You were signalled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed，after a greater or shorter time.Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones.Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes.Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.

I can remember the questions now：“Why did you leave your last job？”“Why did you leave your job before that？”“And the one before that？”I can’t recall my answers，except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter.His closing statement，I thought，revealed a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist，he had risen no higher than the underground railway.“You have failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”

Failing to get that job was my low point.Or so I thought，believing that the work was easy.Actually，such jobs—being a postman is another one I still desire—demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give.But I was still far short of full self-understanding.I was also short of cash.

Questions：

1.The writer applied for the job because＿＿＿.

A.he could no longer afford to live without one

B.he wanted to work in the centre of London

C.he had received suitable training

D.he was not interested in any other available job

2.The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because＿＿＿.

A.he had written many poems

B.he often traveled underground

C.he had worked in an insurance company

D.he could deal with difficult situations

3.The length of his interview meant that＿＿＿.

A.he had not done well in the intelligence test

B.he was not going to be offered the job

C.he had little work experience to talk about

D.he did not like the examiner

4.What was the writer’s opinion of the psychologist？

A.He was inefficient at his job.

B.He was unsympathetic.

C.He was unhappy with his job.

D.He was very aggressive.

5.What does the writer realise now that he did not realise then？

A.How difficult it can be to get a job.

B.How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be.

C.How badly he did in the interview.

D.How unsuitable he was for the job.

Passage Four

For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime.An average of mote than two cars a minute are broken into，vandalized（破壞）or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported of fences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.

Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft，almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist.Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness.When the Automobile Association（AA）engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year，10 percent of cars checked were unlocked，a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked.

The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes—and sometimes much longer—as drivers buy drinks，cigarettes and other consumer items—and then pay at the counter with payment by credit card more and more common，it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.

In an exclusive AA survey，carried out at a busy garage on amain road out of London，300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period.24 percent admitted that they“always”or“sometimes”leave the keys in the car.This means that nationwide，a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.

The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car—and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.

Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal.A Manchester probationary（假釋期）service research project，which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year，found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat.Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car if you have a garage，use it and lock it—a garaged car is at substantially less risk.

There are many other traps to avoid.The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking.Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights—just the places thieves love.The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around—thieves do not like audiences.

Questions：

1.The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card＿＿＿.

A.is preferable for safe parking

B.is now a common practice

C.takes longer than necessary

D.aids a car thief in a way

2.Which of the following statements is correct？

A.In the UK，a million cars are stolen daily.

B.In the UK，there are amateur car thieves only.

C.There are more car crimes than any other type of of fences.

D.One in ten drivers invites car theft due to carelessness.

3.The researches mentioned in the passage on car theft include all the following EXCEPT＿＿＿.

A.checking private garages

B.interviewing motorists

C.questioning car thieves

D.examining parking lots

4.The best way for a driver to avoid car theft is＿＿＿.

A.leaving documents showing one’s home address in the car

B.locking one’s car in a parking lot at any time

C.not leaving the car unattended for longer than necessary

D.not leaving a sunroof or window partially open

5.In the last paragraph，the term“safe parking”means＿＿＿.

A.not parking under street lights

B.not parking in front of a theatre or cinema

C.avoiding traps set by a possible car thief

D.parking where a lot of people pass by

Passage Five

Nowadays，we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalisation，accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined，and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct.But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalisation is bringing Read on and you are bound to feel comforted，ready to face the global future，which is surely inevitable now.

Consider the Internet，that prime example of our shrinking world.Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism，even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits，not just in terms of education，the sector for which it was originally designed，but more importantly on a global level，the spread of news and comment.It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation，as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort，but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.

MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world.Yet the viewers’judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive；it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it，a vital part of growing up.And in the final analysis，what harm can a few songs and videos cause？

Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so harm for us，when all is said and done？Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time-heroin and cocaine，for example.In any case，just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale，it doesn’t mean you have to buy them—even globalisation cannot deprive the individual of his freewill.

Critics of globalisation can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements.Life goes on，and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents’generation.

Questions：

1.Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will＿＿＿.

A.bring threat to the world peace

B.impact the diversified local life

C.disrupt their present easy life-style

D.increase the size of people speaking dialects

2.Internet was originally designed＿＿＿.

A.to promote education

B.to distribute news and comment

C.to relieve people of worries

D.to publicize political beliefs

3.What is the writer’s attitude towards globalization？

A.Suspicious.　　 B.Positive.

C.Indifferent.　　D.Contemptuous.

4.It is implied in the passage that Nike and Coca-Cola＿＿＿.

A.should not become dominant brands

B.have been ignored by many people

C.cannot be compared with drugs

D.shouldn’t have caused so much concern

5.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage？

A.Globalisation Is Standardization

B.Globalisation：Like It or Lump It

C.Globalisation：Don’t Worry，Be Happy

D.Gloalisation Brings Equality

2002年

Passage One

John Grisham was born on February 2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA.His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work.Eventually they settled in Mississippi.Graduating from law school in 1981，Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven，specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation（訴訟）.In 1983，he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.

One day at the Desso to County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim.He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers.He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m.to work on the novel，called A Time to Kill，which was published in 1988.Grisham’s next novel，The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list.Grisham lives with his wife and two children，dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville，Virginia.

When he’s not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with his church group.As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner.He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.

Questions：

1.John Grisham is at present＿＿＿.

A.awriter　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.a lawyer

C.a professional baseball player　　D.a congressman

2.What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？

A.A case of murder.

B.A case of rape.

C.His father’s experience.

D.His life on the farm.

3.The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on？

A.how the girl was attacked

B.the circumstances of the rape

C.how the girl’s father took revenge

D.how the case of rape was settled

4.Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？

A.It was popular at the time of publication.

B.It earned Grisham great fame.

C.It brought Grisham wealth.

D.It was carried by The New York Times as a series.

5.It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property＿＿＿.

A.to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball player

B.to coach children in baseball

C.It brought Grisham wealth

D.It provide facilities of baseball training

Passage Two

A quality education is the ultimate liberator.It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that other wise would not be possible.

For this reason，the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.

Can education for all be achieved by 2015？The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task.If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.

Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.

A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance can be highly effective.

Questions：

1.In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can＿＿＿.

A.free countries from foreign rules

B.speed up social progress

C.give people freedom

D.liberate people from any exploitation

2.Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to by 2015＿＿＿.

A.get all the world’s children to complete primary school

B.enroll all the world’s children into primary school

C.give quality education to people of 88 countries

D.support those committed to transforming their education systems

3.countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates＿＿＿.

A.32　　B.59　　C.29　　D.88

4.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy？

A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.

B.Improving the quality of education.

C.Using information technologies.

D.Building more primary school.

5.As can be gathered from the last paragraph，foreign aid＿＿＿.

A.may not be highly effective

B.is provided only when some criteria are met

C.alone makes development possible

D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind

Passage Three

Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts，but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else.Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe.Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat，and Asian lions，a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100，000 years ago，hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.

India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions，which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary（保護(hù)區(qū)）.It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest-and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness.A tiger will hide in the forest unseen，but a lion stands its ground，curious and unafraid-lionhearted.Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close，Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest.It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction；Gir has as many lions as it can hold-too many，in fact.With territory in short supply，lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether，often clashing with people.That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary.There are other pressing reasons：outbreaks of disease or natural disasters.In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions-a thousand animals-a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats.These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals.“If you do a DNA test，Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins.”says Stephen O’Brien，a geneticist（基因?qū)W家）who has studied them.Yet the dangers are hidden，and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest.The lions display vitality，and no small measure of charm.

Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat，meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs.For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer，or a young male eating an antelope（羚羊），there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill.The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa，and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.

Questions：

1.In the first paragraph，the author tells us that Asiatic lions＿＿＿.

A.have killed off other lions

B.have descended from African lions

C.used to span vast sections of the globe

D.have lost their habitat

2.What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest？

A.Their friendliness.

B.Their size.

C.Their intimacy.

D.Their vitality.

3.What does the sentence“...meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair”mean？

A.The lions do not show intimacy among them anymore.

B.The lions may not deed to fight for food.

C.Food is not readily available in that region.

D.Meals can be obtained only with great effort.

4.The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because＿＿＿.

A.they have descended from a dozen or so ancestors

B.they are smaller than the African lions

C.they do not have enough to eat

D.they are physically weaker than the African lions

5.One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that＿＿＿.

A.the present sanctuary is not large enough

B.scientists want to do more research on them

C.they have killed many people

D.the forest is shrinking in size

Passage Four

After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island.But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages.The“l(fā)ifestyle”of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.

By talking to the local folks，I discovered that the vast majority of the maids，gardeners，waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care.It seemed outrageous to me.I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that.Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang inmy head again：“What did you do for someone today？”

Even though my father had died several years before，I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him.So I started working on a solution.The island was full of retired doctors.If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea，so long as they could be relicensed without troubles.It took one year and plenty of persistence，but Iwas able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.

The town donated land，local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic.We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994，fully staffed by retired physicians，nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers.That year we had 5，000 patient visits；last year we had 16，000.

Somehow word of what we were doing got around.Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country，asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities.We did the best we could-there are now 15 other clinics operating中but we couldn’t keep up with the need.Yet last month I think my father’swords found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Health care，the maker of Tylenol（泰諾：一種感冒藥）.A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.

Questions：

1.What is the passage mainly about？

A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.

B.The story of am an who likes to give others advice.

C.The life and work of a great father.

D.The inspiration of a father’swords.

2.The author of the passage is＿＿＿.

A.a retired physician

B.a retired teacher

C.a retired medical researcher

D.a retired construction worker

3.The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to＿＿＿.

A.help retired medical workers improve their incomes

B.provide free medical services to those who need them

C.urge the government to set up non-profit clinics

D.make the dream of the author’s father come true

4.Which of the following has been done by the author himself？

A.Buying the medical equipment.

B.Finding the land and the office.

C.Decorating the building that would become the clinic.

D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.

5.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’swords found their way up north to McNeil”implies that＿＿＿.

A.my father’swords finally reached McNeil

B.McNeil decided to do something for the needy people

C.my father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the north

D.McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programs

Passage Five

Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author，he was famous for his vivid lectures.In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts，he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam.But as Ellis’s reputation grew- his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize-the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war.Last year，after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war，someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime（揭發(fā)）.Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis，famous for explaining the nation’s history，had some explaining to do about his own past.

“Even in the best of lives，mistakes are made.”said a wretched Ellis.It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the army，he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西點(diǎn)軍校）.He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records.His admission shocked colleagues，fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past.But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand.Even among the distinguished achievers，security experts say，one in ten is deceiving- indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism（剽竊），fictionalizing military records，making up false academic certificates or worse.And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks.Says Brod：“It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”

Then what makes them do it？Psychologists say some people succeed，at least in part，because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others.And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.“From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”says Dennis Shulman，a New York psychoanalyst.“But inside，they feel hollow，empty.”

Questions：

1.Which of the following is true about Ellis？

A.He is a famous professor of history at West Point.

B.His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.

C.He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.

D.He has written a best-seller for a newspaper—The Boston Globe.

2.While Ellis served in the Army，he＿＿＿.

A.combated in Vietnam

B.taught at a military school

C.exaggerated his part as a historian

D.made mistakes in the antiwar movement

3.What did Ellis lie about？

A.His war experience in Vietnam.

B.His athletic records in high school.

C.His role in the antiwar movement.

D.All of the above.

4.What does“to climb the ladder”in the second paragraph mean？

A.To become more successful.

B.To inquire into one’s background.

C.To cover one’s serious offenses.

D.To go further in beautifying one’s past.

5.According to psychologists，successful people who lie about themselves＿＿＿.

A.take pride in their weaknesses

B.feel weak in their hearts

C.think nothing of others

D.look weak to others

答案與解析：

2004年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊邏輯清晰的論說文。文章通過分析科學(xué)給兒童帶來的種種好處，指出了科學(xué)對兒童教育的重要性，除了實(shí)際生活中的好處外，更重要的是科學(xué)教育可以培養(yǎng)兒童對待問題的科學(xué)態(tài)度。

1.C.原因細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話。這句話“science is important for children”找到其原文中的出處——第一段第一句話，這里用“important”替換了原句中的名詞，但該句話本身并無更多信息，因此要在下文中尋找。其后列舉了三個(gè)原因，即①They can relate it to so many things that they encounter—flashlights，tools，echoes，and rainbows.②Besides，science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content.③It can help pupils learn to think logically，to organize and an alyse ideas.It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics.根據(jù)以上三點(diǎn)和答案選項(xiàng)對照，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，C的表述和原文列舉的第一個(gè)原因一致，只是使用了同義詞替換，用“concerning”替換了原句中的“involve”，因此正確答案應(yīng)是C。

2.A.原因細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉健?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“no doubt that children like learning science”找到其原文中的出處——第二段第二句話。題干中用“no doubt that children like learning science”替換了原句中的“science has a natural appeal for youngsters”，（appeal for，對……有吸引力）但該句本身并無更多信息，因此要在下文中尋找，正確答案就在后一句話中。正確答案A選項(xiàng)中用同義詞“be linked with”替換了原文的“relate...to”；用“meet”替換了原文的“encounter”。

3.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉?。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)earn logical thinking”找到其原文中的出處——第三段第二句話，去掉該句中和題干完全同意的表述后，再根據(jù)“It”的指代功能找到它所替代的前一句的“science teaching”。由此，即可判斷D是正確答案。

4.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉健８鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“scientific attitude”找到其原文中的出處——第三段第一句話。本題問的是“pupil”，因此答案在下一句中。根據(jù)第二句話，很容易找到與之相對應(yīng)的D選項(xiàng)，兩者表述完全一致。原句中的關(guān)鍵詞組“rather than”的意思是“而不是”。

5.C.主觀態(tài)度推斷題。首先應(yīng)把握全文的主旨——作者高度評價(jià)了科學(xué)對兒童教育的重要性，據(jù)此進(jìn)行合理因果推導(dǎo)就應(yīng)該能將科學(xué)對兒童的教育納入學(xué)校的課程之中。然后再結(jié)合排除法做題，排除文章中并未涉及的A、B和D選項(xiàng)。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇用第一人稱寫成的敘述性說明文。本文通過舉例形象地說明了作者的父母在有了孫子、孫女后性格上的變化，這些變化包括：由原先的討厭購物到現(xiàn)在的購物狂，由對子女的嚴(yán)格要求變成對孫子、孫女的一味寵愛等。這些變化是作者始料未及的。

1.B.歸納推斷題。根據(jù)原文第一、二段作者對父母購物行為的描寫，特別是幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵性詞語的使用，如：surprise，delight和only the beginning of the holiday可以看出作者對父母的購物行為雖然吃驚，但并無否定的態(tài)度，因此B是最合適的選項(xiàng)。

2.A.可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“all the sweets”找到其原文中的出處——第三段最后一句話，其中句內(nèi)的“when the sugar raises their energy levels”和“highly active kids”便是答案所在。據(jù)此不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案是A?！癳nergetic”和“active”是同義詞。

3.A.細(xì)節(jié)題中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT題型，可套用公式正確答案≠原文中某一句話的表達(dá)。正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。它與原文第四段所描寫的孩子的行為不符。

4.D.推斷題。排除法是最有效的解題方法，排除了和原文表述明顯不符的答案A、B和C后，D是可以作出的合理推斷?！皊poil”是溺愛的意思。

5.D.推斷題。既然作者的父母性格上有了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)變（personality transformation），就可以通過對比法，根據(jù)他們現(xiàn)在對孫子、孫女的寵愛，推斷出以前他們對子女的要求是非常嚴(yán)格的。所以D是正確答案。

Passage Three

［短文大意］這是一篇探討殘疾人問題的論說文。作者首先指出了意大利的殘疾人難以融入正常人的社會(huì)活動(dòng)，繼而揭示了意大利的殘疾人在外出、就業(yè)、個(gè)人發(fā)展等方面所遇到的困難，最后呼吁人們重視這一問題，并指出殘疾人要改變現(xiàn)狀的首要任務(wù)是克服心理障礙。

1.C.猜測詞義題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中對該詞的解釋。根據(jù)題干中帶有特殊符號的“mama’s boys”迅速回到原文中定位，可以輕松地找到其出處——全文第一句話。根據(jù)定語從句的補(bǔ)充修飾作用，可以找到答案應(yīng)為“l(fā)ive with their parents into adulthood”，由此，答案選項(xiàng)中最能概括這一特點(diǎn)的詞匯只能是C選項(xiàng)的“dependent”，依賴的。A是“普通的”；B是“樂觀的”；D是“合意的”，均不符合原文的意思。

2.A.例子說明題?？商子霉秸_答案≈例子之前或之后的一句概述。據(jù)此可以找到第二段的第一句話“Obviously，he is not your average disabled person”應(yīng)是文中的答案所在。因此A是正確答案。選項(xiàng)中的“unusual”是“not average”的同義詞。

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子眉?xì)節(jié)題的公式。本題在原文中的出處是第三段第二句話中的“they tend to keep disabled people at home”，因此B是正確答案。“tend to”和“be likely to”是同義詞，意思是“傾向于……”。

4.B.推斷題。首先題干中的“Italy’s general public”指的是最后一段調(diào)查中的85%和97%的意大利人，他們的觀點(diǎn)非常清楚：“transportation and infrastructure are inadequate for the handicapped”；“action is needed”，據(jù)此可做的合理推斷就是B選項(xiàng)，人們普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)去除影響殘疾人生活的一些障礙。

5.A.主旨題。可套用公式主旨≈各段主題句之和。通過閱讀文章中第二、三、四段的主題句“The country has more barriers to integration than almost anywhere else on the Continent”，“But the biggest obstacle for the country’s physically challenged may，in fact，be the fabled Italian family”和“Italians are beginning to recognize the problem”可知文章主要討論的是意大利的殘疾人所面臨的種種困難障礙，由此最為貼切的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是A。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇問題分析型論說文。文章首先指出了學(xué)術(shù)界的一個(gè)新現(xiàn)象：科學(xué)類論文的作者的數(shù)量在不斷增加，而且這一現(xiàn)象給雜志和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了不少麻煩。文章同時(shí)分析了幾種解決辦法是否可行。

1.C.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“scientific papers”找到原文中的出處——全文第一句。關(guān)鍵是要知道單詞“sky-rocketing”的意思是“迅速上升”，因此可以在C選項(xiàng)里找到其同義表述。

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉健８鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“multiple authorship”可以找到其在原文的出處是第二段第一句，但要從后面的具體闡述中找到具體的問題。根據(jù)該段倒數(shù)第二句，不難找到答案選項(xiàng)A和原句表述完全一致，只是采用了同義詞替換，用“go wrong”替換了“misconduct”；用“responsibility”替換了“l(fā)iability”。

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉?。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“authorship is important”可以找到其在文中的同義表述：第三段倒數(shù)第二句話“how much authorship matters”。但真正的答案在前面一句中，主要是考能否理解難句“where the authorship rubber really meets the road”在上下文中的意思是“這才是作者身份真正起作用、有價(jià)值的地方”。

4.A.歸納推斷題。要作出本題的答案需歸納文章最后一段對兩種情況不同的論述。該段第二句提到如果是針對個(gè)人的評定，就需要了解每位作者不同的分工；第三句提到如果是質(zhì)疑整個(gè)研究的可信性，那么所有成員都應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任。因此，可以歸納出本題的答案：把作者們作為集體還是個(gè)人來評價(jià)取決于評定是針對研究還是個(gè)人。

5.D.主旨題?？商子霉街髦肌秩闹黝}句。本文的主題句就是第二段的第一句。如果在文章的第一段段末或第二段段首出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet，however，but或in fact等，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的往往就是文章的主旨。因此D是最佳答案。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇科普性質(zhì)的說明文。文章主要介紹了貽貝對人類的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。文章介紹了貽貝的生活習(xí)性，其具有強(qiáng)大黏附力的原因以及科學(xué)家們對貽貝體內(nèi)所含特殊的具有黏附力的蛋白質(zhì)的研究和克隆。

1.D.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“grips...firmly”找到原文中的出處——第二段第二句，然后去掉和題干表述相同的地方，該句所剩的“a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea”就是答案，據(jù)此很容易判斷正確答案是D。

2.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“waterproof glue”找到原文中的出處——第二段倒數(shù)第三句。但值得注意的是題干中的用詞“originate”，因此需追根溯源，依次往前面的句子中尋找答案，真正的答案出現(xiàn)在該段倒數(shù)第五句中。

3.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“tie itself safely to a new home”找到原文中的出處——第二段倒數(shù)第二句然后去掉和題干表述相同的地方，該句所剩的“these strategically placed threads”就是答案?？疾榈氖菍ΧㄕZ從句的理解。

4.C.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“not thinking of using mussels to produce the super glue”找到原文中的出處——最后一段第一句。但答案在其后的第三句中。關(guān)鍵是了解詞組“wipe out”的意思是“滅絕”，是正確答案選項(xiàng)C中“extinction”的同義詞。

5.D.主旨題?？商子霉街髦肌指鞫沃饕獌?nèi)容之和，并結(jié)合排除法做題。選項(xiàng)A、B和C的表述均與原文不符，所以，應(yīng)予以排除。

2003年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇有關(guān)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的記敘文。文章講述了一位女司機(jī)有一次讓一位素不相識(shí)的女人搭車，在路途中這位乘客的一些反常之處引起了她的警覺，因此她中途借機(jī)騙乘客下了車，后來她吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)乘客遺留在她車上的包里帶有血跡的斧頭。

1.A.因果推斷題。原文中的推斷依據(jù)是全文的第一、二句話?？梢钥闯雠緳C(jī)是同情這位搭車的老婦人。

2.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Andrea afraid”找到原文中的出處——第五段第二句。“blood froze”就是恐懼的表現(xiàn)。但答案在前面的問句中。

3.C.因果推斷題?？梢詮脑闹械谖宥沃恋谄叨螌ndrea一連串行為的描述，可以推斷那時(shí)出于恐懼，Andrea急中生智，想到辦法來擺脫這一可怕的乘客。

4.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ooked in the passenger’s bag”找到原文中的出處——倒數(shù)第三段最后一句。

5.B.推斷題。Andrea因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)乘客遺留在她車上的包里帶有血跡的斧頭而尖叫，據(jù)此可以做的合理推斷就是B。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇典型的說明文，介紹了荷蘭在水上建造住房、商店道路的計(jì)劃。文章解釋了荷蘭準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)這一計(jì)劃的客觀原因：荷蘭的嚴(yán)重缺乏陸地空間，經(jīng)常面臨洪水的威脅；并介紹了這一計(jì)劃的具體設(shè)想。

1.B.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“The Netherlands plans to...on water”找到原文中的出處——全文的第一句，然后去掉和題干表述相同的地方，該句所剩的“desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding”就是答案。指出了兩點(diǎn)原因：嚴(yán)重缺乏陸地空間，經(jīng)常面臨洪水的威脅。正確答案B針對的是后一個(gè)原因?！癲angerously prone to flooding”和“constantly threatened by”是同義表述。

2.A.推斷題。“每個(gè)人都在問我們?yōu)槭裁礇]有早做這件事？”引用這一稍嫌夸張的說法作者想體現(xiàn)人們對這一計(jì)劃的認(rèn)可贊同。

3.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。本題在原文中的出處是第四段第一句，主要是考查對長句的理解。A選項(xiàng)修飾的是“flat-bottomed boats”，而非“floating houses”，所以正確答案是D。

4.A.推斷題。通過對文章第七段的分析，可以看出設(shè)計(jì)者們之所以會(huì)有建造這一水上溫室的想法，是因?yàn)檫@句話中獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)做的原因狀語所表達(dá)的荷蘭有很多地方轉(zhuǎn)向“market gardening”和“intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables”，所以可以推斷他們的設(shè)計(jì)一定可以迎合這種趨勢。

5.D.句意理解題。主要是理解詞組“in the pipeline”就是“在計(jì)劃中，即將開始”。

Passage Three

［短文大意］本文是一篇介紹個(gè)人求職經(jīng)歷的記敘文。作者介紹了他的一次失敗了的求職經(jīng)歷，并談到了他當(dāng)時(shí)的感受和之后的領(lǐng)悟：他失敗的原因就是他缺乏從事地鐵保安工作和郵遞員工作等所要求的責(zé)任意識(shí)。

1.A.原因細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。本題在原文中的出處是全文第一句，主要是要清楚指代關(guān)系。

2.D.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“overqualified”找到原文中的出處——第一段的最后一句，但答案在之前的一句中，作者想象的“I could see myself being cheerful，useful，a good man in a crisis”就是答案。

3.B.演繹推斷題。推斷的概括性前提是第二段倒數(shù)第三句“Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones”說明面試時(shí)間長的是成功的面試，他的面試時(shí)間僅為一分半鐘，所以只能是失敗的。

4.B.主觀態(tài)度推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“psychologist”找到其在原文中的出處——第三段倒數(shù)第二句。關(guān)鍵是要抓住定語從句的修飾作用，并能辨認(rèn)“l(fā)ack of sensitivity”是答案選項(xiàng)B中的“unsympathetic”的同義詞。

5.D.歸納推斷題。從文章最后一段的作者的反思中可以歸納出當(dāng)時(shí)他并不具備那些工作所要求的基本素質(zhì)。注意：“l(fā)east qualified”和“unsuitable”是意思相近的表述。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇問題分析型的論說文。文章開頭首先提出問題：最近汽車盜竊的犯罪率不斷上升，然后分析了導(dǎo)致這一社會(huì)問題的原因，最后提供了解決問題的辦法，告誡司機(jī)什么行為是應(yīng)該避免的。

1.D.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“credit card”找到原文中的出處——第三段的最后一句，然后去掉和題干表述相同的地方，該句所剩的“providing the car thief with a golden opportunity”就是答案?！皃roviding the car thief with a golden opportunity”和“aids a car thief in away”是同義的表述。

2.D.歸納推斷題?？砂凑沾鸢高x項(xiàng)逐一回原文中定位。本題在原文中的出處是第一段和第二段最后一句。根據(jù)第一段可將A、B和C選項(xiàng)排除。

3.A.細(xì)節(jié)題中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT題型，可按照答案選項(xiàng)逐一回原文中定位。本題在原文中的出處是倒數(shù)第二段，屬于分散列舉。只有A是文中沒有提到過的方式。

4.B.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。本題在原文中的出處——第五段第一句。注意：“whenever you leave the car-and for however short a period”和“at any time”是同義的表述。

5.D.猜測詞義題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中對該詞的解釋。最后一段第一句是其在原文中的出處。需通過歸納該段后面的具體解釋來了解“safe parking”指的就是“park in places with people around”。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇典型的駁斥性論說文。作者通過分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)、MTV、運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝和軟飲料等經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的標(biāo)志性事物給我們生活帶來的便利，表明了自己對全球化趨勢的認(rèn)可。

1.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“people feel sad about globalization”找到原文中的出處——全文第一句，然后去掉和題干表述相同的地方，該句所剩的“the rich pattern of local life is being undermined”就是答案。注意：“diversified”和“rich”是同義詞。

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Internet was originally designed”找到原文中的出處——第二段的第二句，主要是考對長句的理解?！皌he sector for which it was originally designed”是“education”的同位語。

3.B.主觀態(tài)度推斷題?？梢蕴子霉街饔^態(tài)度≈主旨+闡述主旨的用詞。從作者談到“globalization”的用詞，都是褒義詞，談到的都是好處、便利，因此可以歸納出作者對“globalization”是持支持贊同的態(tài)度。

4.D.暗指題。據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Nike and Coca-cola”找到原文中的出處——第四段的第一句和第二句。真正考查的是能否理解“Sportswear and soft drinks are harm less products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time-heroin and cocaine，for example”這個(gè)長句。該句的意思是：“當(dāng)和已經(jīng)長期存在的有些東西，例如：海洛因和可卡因相比，‘Nike and Coca-cola’是非常無害的東西，因此不需引起如此嚴(yán)重的關(guān)注。”

5.C.主旨題。可套用公式主旨≈全文主題句。全文主題句出現(xiàn)在第一段段末，意思是：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)想想全球化給我們生活帶來的便利，讓我們坦然面對全球化的到來。這一主旨在文章的最后一段再次得到重申。

2002年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇傳記類文章。主要記敘了美國一位知名作家Grisham職業(yè)生涯、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷在寫作和其他方面取得的成就。

1.A.推斷題。結(jié)合排除法做題。這個(gè)題屬于職業(yè)確定的題，全文都涉及Grisham所做的事情的介紹，這個(gè)題基本貫穿全文，做貫穿全文的題不用讀全文，主要依靠首末段來判斷。末段談到Grisham夢想成為一個(gè)“professional baseball player”顯然是陷阱，起混淆作用，所以答案應(yīng)該在第一段，應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的表述和過去時(shí)的使用，因此正確答案只能是A。

2.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。他的第一篇小說是“A Time to Kill”答案在第二段前兩句話里。第二段講得很清楚，因?yàn)橐粯稄?qiáng)奸案，他要寫小說。

3.C.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“A Time to Kill”答案在其前面的一句話里。第二段講得很清楚，因?yàn)橐粯稄?qiáng)奸案，他要寫小說，設(shè)想如果女孩的父親要報(bào)仇，會(huì)發(fā)生怎樣的故事。

4.D.細(xì)節(jié)題中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT題型，可套用公式正確答案≠原文中某一句話的表達(dá)。D選項(xiàng)的意思是“紐約時(shí)報(bào)連載了這部小說”和原文中第二段倒數(shù)第二句的表述“該小說蟬聯(lián)紐約時(shí)報(bào)暢銷書排行榜47周”不符。

5.A.推斷題。答案在全文第二句話里，去掉該句中和題干意思相同的表述，所剩的就是答案。所以答案應(yīng)該是A。文章最后談到他為了實(shí)現(xiàn)少年時(shí)代的夢想，用自己的錢建了棒球場，這樣很多年輕人可以打棒球。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇在世界范圍內(nèi)普及全民素質(zhì)教育的論說文。文章在第一段首先說明了素質(zhì)教育的重大意義，然后談到到2015年時(shí)要在世界范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)讓所有的孩子都能接受小學(xué)教學(xué)的計(jì)劃，并分析指出實(shí)現(xiàn)這一計(jì)劃的困難和應(yīng)采取的必要措施。

1.B.歸納推斷題。第一段談到素質(zhì)教育能夠使人們擺脫貧困，改善自身的生活，促進(jìn)社會(huì)進(jìn)步。通過歸納這些素質(zhì)教育帶來的好處，可以判斷答案應(yīng)該是B。

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中數(shù)字關(guān)鍵詞回原文中定位，其在原文中的出處是第二段的第一句話。將該句中與題干重復(fù)的信息，所剩的就是答案，即人們理想的目標(biāo)是要所有的兒童能夠接受小學(xué)教育。答案應(yīng)該是A。

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。文中說如果按基本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評價(jià)，則59個(gè)國家都不能實(shí)現(xiàn)教育的目標(biāo)。

4.D.細(xì)節(jié)題中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT題型，可按照答案選項(xiàng)逐一回原文中定位。第三段中對選項(xiàng)A，B和C都談到，而D選項(xiàng)沒有談到，所以答案是D。

5.A.推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞找到其在原文中的出處——全文最后一段的兩句話。分析可以看出，這兩句話都提到了能否有效利用國外的援助，需滿足一些必要的條件，很大程度上取決于政策、機(jī)構(gòu)和管理等因素。因此，A是正確答案。

Passage Three

［短文大意］本文是一篇介紹亞洲獅子保護(hù)問題的說明文。文章主要介紹了印度亞洲獅子自然保護(hù)區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀和面臨的困難，并介紹了生活其中的獅子的生存狀態(tài)。

1.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Asian lions”找到其在原文中的出處——第一段最后一句。該句中的定語從句“that spit from African lions”就是答案，所以正確答案選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是B。注意：B選項(xiàng)中的“descend from”是原句中“spit from”的同義詞。

2.A.歸納推斷題。作者在觀察獅子時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子不像老虎那樣躲藏著，而是“curious”和“unafraid”，并允許作者靠近仔細(xì)觀察，因此最為合適的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是A。

3.B.句意理解題。關(guān)鍵是理解“frantic affair”在上下文中的意思，這可以通過分析其后所舉的具體例子來判斷，特別是“there is no need to fight for a cut of the kill”，所以答案應(yīng)該是B。

4.A.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。可以根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“vulnerable to disease”找到其在原文中的出處——第二段倒數(shù)第三句話，然后去掉該句中與題干重復(fù)的表述，所剩部分就是答案。獅子容易得病的原因是過于近親繁殖，所以答案應(yīng)該是A。

5.A.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子蒙鲜龉??？梢愿鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“India is creating a secondary sanctuary”找到其在原文中的出處——第二段倒數(shù)第六句話，但該句僅是題干的內(nèi)容，而真正的答案在其上下文中。根據(jù)文中說道“Gir has as many lions as it can hold-too many，in fact.”，這句話表明獅子的數(shù)量已經(jīng)太多超出了Gir所能容納的范圍，所以印度要開辟第二個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)。選A。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇介紹個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的記敘文。作者介紹了他退休后為島上的窮人開辦免費(fèi)診所的經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)了他要為他人做點(diǎn)什么的想法，而這一想法是受到了他父親在他小時(shí)候經(jīng)常對他們說的話的啟發(fā)。

1.D.主旨題。可以通過排除法做題，答案應(yīng)該是D，文章最后一段用轉(zhuǎn)折的形式強(qiáng)調(diào)了父親的話的重要性。

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章一開始就說作者是一個(gè)“medical”，后面談到它招募了很多資源的醫(yī)療工作者，包括內(nèi)科醫(yī)生、護(hù)士和牙科醫(yī)生來充實(shí)自己建立的診所。

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞?？梢愿鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Volunteers in Medicine”找到其在原文中的出處——第三段第三句話，據(jù)此可以判斷答案應(yīng)該是B，為需要的人提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。

4.D.細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第三段最后一句談到作者費(fèi)了很大的工夫幫助退休的醫(yī)生拿到特殊的營業(yè)執(zhí)照，所以答案應(yīng)該是D。

5.B.推斷題。說明我父親的話在McNeil那兒得到驗(yàn)證。答案應(yīng)該選B。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇探討成功和誠實(shí)之間的關(guān)系的論說文。文章首段通過舉一位暢銷作家被揭穿編造個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的事例，指出現(xiàn)在有些名人、成功人士人格與名聲不符，會(huì)有對公眾撒謊、剽竊別人作品等誠信方面的問題。

1.C.歸納推斷題。這個(gè)題的答案應(yīng)該是C，根據(jù)四個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)可以回到原文中逐一定位，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)全部出在文章的第一段。與原文表述一致的只有C。

2.B.細(xì)節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞?？梢愿鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“served in the army”找到其在原文中的出處——第二段第一句話，然后去掉該句中與題干重復(fù)的表述，所剩部分就是答案。答案是B，因?yàn)樵摼涿鞔_說在參戰(zhàn)時(shí)，他沒有到森林中參加戰(zhàn)斗而是在西點(diǎn)軍校教課。

3.D.細(xì)節(jié)題中的列舉題型。這個(gè)題的答案應(yīng)該是D，因?yàn)榍懊鎺讉€(gè)選項(xiàng)都是Ellis沒有真實(shí)報(bào)道的，都可以在原文中找到出處。

4.A.猜測詞義題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中對該詞的解釋。第二段最后一句是其在原文中的出處。但是，上下文對該詞的解釋卻出現(xiàn)在其前一句中。通過分析，可以看出這兩句話表達(dá)的意思是：一些著名人士往往是在成名后開始說謊來美化自己的過去，因此不太可能是為了成功或出名?！皌o climb the ladder”意味著想取得更大的成功。

5.B.細(xì)節(jié)題?？商子霉秸_答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話-題干關(guān)鍵詞。其在原文中的出處是在全文最后一句。最后一段明確說出成功人士往往在別人看來絲毫不脆弱，但是內(nèi)心特別脆弱。所以答案只能是B。關(guān)鍵詞組“anything but”的意思是“only”；答案選項(xiàng)中的“weak”是原文中的同義詞“fragile”。