The Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai

章懷太子墓位于乾陵東南約3千米處，是乾陵17座陪葬墓之一。

章懷太子名李賢，是唐高宗與武則天的第二個(gè)兒子，也是高宗子女中比較有才華的一個(gè)，深為高宗所喜愛，曾被立為太子。他曾召集全國的著名學(xué)者注釋過《后漢書》。書中談到漢高祖劉邦死后，其妻呂后大量起用呂家的人，排擠朝廷大臣，篡奪漢室劉姓天下的史實(shí)。武則天認(rèn)為這是在含沙射影地將她比做呂后，嫉恨在心，于是千方百計(jì)地加害李賢。為了保護(hù)自己，李賢不得已在他居住的東宮馬坊里暗藏武器，以防不測。武則天發(fā)現(xiàn)后便以私藏武器，圖謀不軌為借口，將李賢廢為庶人，流放到巴州（今四川巴中縣）。公元684年，李賢在巴州神秘地死去，年僅31歲。對于李賢之死，眾說紛紜，但多數(shù)人認(rèn)為是武則天怕李賢東山再起而派人害死的。唐中宗復(fù)位后，于公元706年，即武則天死后的第二年，將李賢遺骨遷到乾陵陪葬。公元711年，唐睿宗追封李賢為“章懷太子”。

1971年7月至1972年2月對章懷太子墓進(jìn)行了發(fā)掘?？脊虐l(fā)掘結(jié)果證實(shí)：章懷太子墓的地面形式和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)與永泰公主墓基本相同，只是規(guī)模小一些。墓由長斜坡形墓道、4個(gè)天井、4個(gè)過洞、6個(gè)便房、磚砌甬道和前后墓室組成。墓道全長71米、寬3.3米，深7米。該墓雖然被盜，但仍出土了高達(dá)1米以上的文臣俑、武士俑和彩繪鎮(zhèn)墓獸，造型極為生動。墓中壁畫共50多幅，計(jì)400平方米，保存基本完好。其中《迎賓圖》、《狩獵出行圖》、《打馬球圖》和《觀鳥捕蟬圖》等壁畫中的人物，都比例勻稱、和諧、準(zhǔn)確，造型逼真，技巧圓熟，顯示了唐代繪畫藝術(shù)的高超水平。

墓道西壁的《打馬球圖》，畫有騎馬人物20多個(gè)，前面5個(gè)手執(zhí)球杖，正在驅(qū)馬搶球。其中一人作反身擊球狀，姿態(tài)矯健，得心應(yīng)手。這幅壁畫形象地再現(xiàn)了唐代馬球比賽緊張?bào)@險(xiǎn)的奪球場面。唐代馬球從波斯（今伊朗）傳入中國，風(fēng)行于宮廷。當(dāng)時(shí)宮廷中上至皇帝，下至文武百官，甚至婦女都愛打馬球。唐代的宮城和禁苑里多半筑有馬球場，有的貴族官僚還有自己的馬球場。唐代以后，馬球運(yùn)動開始全國流行，直到明朝末年才逐漸失傳。

墓道中部東壁的《迎賓圖》形象地再現(xiàn)了唐代官員接待外國使臣的場面。前面兩個(gè)是熱情的唐朝官員，后面3個(gè)是外國使臣。經(jīng)考證，外國使臣中第一個(gè)是東羅馬帝國人，第二個(gè)是朝鮮人，第三個(gè)是我國古代的少數(shù)民族突厥人。這幅壁畫反映了唐王朝活躍的外交及唐王朝與我國其他少數(shù)民族友好往來的實(shí)況。

今天的旅程就在這里結(jié)束了。大家都辛苦了，回去好好休息吧。

The Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai is one of the 17satellite tombs of the Qianling Mausoleum.It lies three kilometers southeast of the Qianling Mausoleum.

Crown Prince Zhanghuai was called Li Xian and was the second son of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian.He was comparatively talented among Gaozong's children.Gaozong was fond of him and made him the crown prince.Li Xian once summoned famous scho－lars from all over the country to anno tate The Historical Records of the Later Han Dynas ty.The book referred to the historical fact that Lühou，wife of Emperor Gaozu，founder of the Han Dynasty，put many people from her family in impor tant positions.She pushed out many courtiers and usurped the supreme power of the country which was held by the Liu Family after her husband's death.Wu Zetian thought that she was attacked by insinuation and compared to Lühou.She felt angry about this. So she tried every means to bring harm to Li Xian. To protect himself，Li Xian hid some weapons in the stable at the Eastern Palace where he lived.When Wu Zetian discovered this，she deprived him of the title of crown prince and made him a commoner. She exiled him to Bazhou（pre－sent－day Bazhong County，in Sichuan Province）on the pretext that he had hidden weapons secretly and was plotting an armed rebellion.In 684 AD，Li Xian died mysteri ously in Bazhou.He was only 31 years old.There are various explanations as to the cause of his death. Most people believed that Wu Zetian was afraid that he would stage a return，so she had him murdered. After Emperor Zhongzong returned to the throne，he had Li Xian's remains buried near the Qianling.In 706 AD，after Wu Zetian's death，Emperor Rui zong posthumously awarded him the title of Crown Prince Zhanghuai.

The excavation of the Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai was carried out from July 1971 to Febru ary 1972.The grounds and the interior structure of the tomb are basically the same as those of Princess Yongtai，but it is a bit smaller in scale.The tomb consists of a long，sloping tomb passage，four sky lights，four passages，six niches，a brick corridor，an ante－chamber and a burial chamber.The tomb passage is 71 meters long，3.3 meters wide and 7 meters deep.Although the tomb was once robbed，over 600 articles were unearthed.They included various ceramic figurines，tri－colored cera－mic figu rines，articles for daily use and other bu－rial objects. The figures of civil officials and warriors are vivid and life－like.They are over one meter tall.To gether with guardians，they are worth special atten tion.There are more than 50 murals in the tomb，which occupies 400square meters，and remains ba sically intact.Of these paintings，Courtiers and Foreign Envoys，Hunting Procession，Polo Game and Watching Birds and Catching Cicadas are all true to life and skillfully drawn.These murals demon strate the superb artistic skills of the Tang Dynasty.

On the western wall of the tomb passage there is a fresco entitled Polo Game，which depicts 20 figures on horse back.With mallets in hand，the five at the head are trying to chase the ball.One of them has hit the ball dexte－rously behind his back. He looks strong and vigorous.This painting conjures up a thrilling spectacle of players trying to chase the ball at a polo match in the Tang Dynasty.Polo was introduced to China from Persia（present－day Iran）during the Tang Dynasty.It was very popular at the royal court.All the people of the court，from the emperor to civil and military officials and even women，liked playing polo.There were polo grounds in most of the imperial palaces and hunting reserves.Some noblemen had their own polo grounds.After the Tang Dynasty，polo became popular throughout the country.It gradually dimin ished towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.

The painting entitled Courtiers and Foreign Envoys is found on the eastern wall in the middle of the tomb passage.It vividly reproduces the scene of Tang officials greeting foreign envoys.In front are two enthusiastic Tang officials，and behind them are three foreign envoys.Research confirms that the first envoy came from the Eastern Roman Empire，the se－cond from Korea，the third from the Tujue tribe，an ethnic minority tribe in ancient China.This mural reflects the active exchange of friendly and diplomatic visits between China and foreign countries during the Tang Dynasty.

Our trip today is complete here.Let's go back now and you can have a good rest.

快樂旅途

不是的，先生

No，Sir

一天，有位新到的經(jīng)理來到辦公室問候他的屬下們。他站在辦公室前面說道：“你們當(dāng)中有誰認(rèn)為自己笨的請站起來？”

幾分鐘沒有人說話，突然，一位年輕人站了起來。

“好，你好呀！看來你確實(shí)認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)笨蛋？”經(jīng)理問道。

年輕人回答道：“不是的，先生。我只是不想讓您一個(gè)人站在前面?！?/p>

One day a new manager was greeting his office colleagues.He stood up in front of the office and said，“Would anyone who thinks he or she is stupid please stand up？”

After a minute or so of silence，ayoung man stood up.

“Well，good morning.So，you actually think you're a moron？”the manager said.

The young man replied，“No sir，I just didn't want to see you standing there all by yourself.”