周霞萍

（華東理工大學(xué) 上海 200237）

摘　要：針對藥效、藥害、殘留等農(nóng)藥焦點問題，闡述低碳條件下草甘膦、乙草胺與腐植酸活性組分作用，形成生物活性肽、多糖衍生物等轉(zhuǎn)化為植物營養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)三羧酸循環(huán)的機(jī)理；闡述新煙堿、擬除蟲菊酯等在水解酶、氧化還原酶、聚合酶及輔酶作用下，脫硫、脫氰、脫氮再轉(zhuǎn)化為特異性維生素、蛋白質(zhì)類植物營養(yǎng)的自由基反應(yīng)歷程；對保障糧食、蔬果豐收，構(gòu)建可持續(xù)發(fā)展的和諧社會有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)藥 腐植酸 植物營養(yǎng) 轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)理

Mechanism of Humic Acid in the Conversion from the Pesticide Residues

to Plant Nutrition

Zhou Xiaping

(East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237)

Abstract: For heaing-point of pharmacology, phytotoxicity and residues of pesticide, it is　elaborated that of the mechanism of the promotion of the tricarboxylic acidradical reactions and the convertion to plant nutrition by formation of bioactive peptides, polysaccharides and derivatives with glyphosate, acetochlor, and humic acid active component under the cycle in the low-carbon conditions. It is also described the process of radical reaction of conversion from new nicotine, pyrethroid to plant nutrion like specific vitamin, protein by desulfurization, decyanation, denitrification with the help of　hydrolase, oxide reductase, polymerase, and coenzyme. So it is significant to the food security, fruits and vegetable harvest as well as sustainable development of harmonious society.

Key words: pesticides; humic acid; plant nutrition; transformation mechanism

在人口增長、氣候變化、人均耕地面積日益減少的中國乃至世界, 具有殺蟲、殺菌、除草、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)功能的農(nóng)藥為保障糧食、蔬果增產(chǎn)發(fā)揮了不可替代的重要作用。因某些農(nóng)藥在防治土壤、植物病害蟲的同時，會造成嚴(yán)重的食物鏈破壞和環(huán)境污染，因此農(nóng)藥應(yīng)用也為世界最富爭議的焦點問題。

農(nóng)藥的負(fù)面作用，促使世界范圍內(nèi)禁用、限用高毒農(nóng)藥(有機(jī)氯類、有機(jī)磷類)，引導(dǎo)開發(fā)低毒的合成農(nóng)藥(擬除蟲菊酯、新煙堿類、甾醇合成劑-三唑類)，不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)天然殺蟲劑(杠柳、苦皮藤、印楝素等殺蟲劑)、殺菌劑(蕓香、煙堿、白僵菌等殺菌劑)、除草劑(植物源次生代謝產(chǎn)物，氨基酸-草甘膦類)，然而仍然存在生物農(nóng)藥品種少、療效慢、難治突發(fā)性蟲害，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥成本高、有耐藥性等問題。

研究低碳條件下(水、微生物酶、營養(yǎng)物、光合作用)，農(nóng)藥轉(zhuǎn)變成植物營養(yǎng)的機(jī)理，對發(fā)揮農(nóng)藥功能、保障農(nóng)業(yè)豐收、優(yōu)化生態(tài)環(huán)境，構(gòu)建可持續(xù)發(fā)展的和諧社會有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。