第五章　商務(wù)信函的翻譯

第一節(jié)　 商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成要素

一、商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成要素

正式的商務(wù)信函一般由下列七個(gè)要素組成：

1.信頭（letterhead/heading）：寫信人的地址

2.寫信日期（date）

3.信內(nèi)地址（inside address）：收信人的名稱和地址

4.稱呼（salutation）

5.正文（body of the letter）

6.結(jié)尾套語（complimentary close）

7.簽名（signature）

但有時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，需要酌情增添其他六個(gè)附加成分，包括：參考文號(hào)（Reference Number）、經(jīng)辦人（Attention Line）、主題（Subject）、附件（Enclosure）、抄送（Carbon Copy Notation）和附言（Postscript）等。

二、信函樣本

（信頭）

Universal Trading Company

62 Jacksonville Street

Austin, TX 78703, U.S.A.

Aug 1st，2008

（信內(nèi)地址）

China National Light Industrial Products

Import ＆ Export Corporation, LTD

Beijing, P.R.China

（稱呼）

Dear Ms.Song，

（事由）

Sub: Ref.No.ST-528

（開頭語）

We thank you for your letter of July 31st.

（正文）

As mentioned in your letter under reply, there is a big difference between the prices of other suppliers and those of ours.But we are of the opinion that you will find our prices reasonable and favourable if you compare our products with other suppliers.

As regards your request for D/P terms, we wish to point out that payment by L/C is our usual practice, and we are afraid we are not in a position to make you an exception.

Since considerable business has been done with other buyers at our prevailing prices and on L/C terms, we hope you will reconsider them and let us have your acceptance before long.

（結(jié)尾套語）

Sincerely Yours

（簽名）

S.Johnson

Sales Manager

第二節(jié)　 商務(wù)信函的分類與功能

一、商務(wù)信函的種類及其典型句型

1.資信調(diào)查函、建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系函（Letters of Establishing Business Relations）

建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系函常用典型語句：

例1：We see that your firm specializes in household appliances, and we are willing to establish direct business relations with your company.

譯文：得知貴公司專營家用電器，我們十分愿意與貴公司建立直接貿(mào)易關(guān)系。

例2：We?d like to know the availability and the conditions of sale of this line.

譯文：我們想了解一下貴方在這方面的供貨能力和銷售條件。

2.促銷函（Letters of Promotion）

促銷函常用典型語句：

例3：In order to popularize these products, all the catalogue prices are subject to a special discount of 15% during the month of January.

譯文：為了推廣這些產(chǎn)品，本目錄中的所有價(jià)格在一月份都可以給予15%的特殊折扣。

例4：If you are likely to require any of these items during the next six months, we advise you placing the order now as prices are rising rapidly.

譯文：貴方若可能在今后六個(gè)月內(nèi)需要任何一種此類貨物，我們建議貴方現(xiàn)在下訂單，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格上漲很快。

3.詢盤函（Letters of Inquiries and Replies）

詢盤函常用典型語句：

例5：You are recommended to us by New York Chamber of Commerce and we are interested very much in your Crocodile Brand Leather Handbags.

譯文：承蒙紐約商會(huì)向我們推薦了貴公司，我們對(duì)貴公司的鱷魚牌手提包非常感興趣。

例6：It would be appreciated if you would send us at your earliest convenience samples of various sizes of your leather boots together with the lowest prices.

譯文：若貴公司能從速寄來各種尺碼的皮靴樣品及最低價(jià)格，不甚感謝。

4.報(bào)盤函/報(bào)價(jià)函（Letters of Making Offers）

報(bào)盤函常用典型語句：

例7：We are very pleased to make you an offer/ a quotation for our product.

譯文：我方很高興就我們的產(chǎn)品向貴方報(bào)盤/報(bào)價(jià)。

例8：As this product is in great demand and the supply limited, we would recommend that you accept this offer as soon as possible.

譯文：該產(chǎn)品市場需求量極大，供貨有限，宜從速接受該報(bào)價(jià)為好。

5.還盤函（Letters of Counter-offers / Counter-suggestions）

還盤函常用典型語句：

例9：Unfortunately, we cannot accept your offer, because another supplier offered us a similar article at a price about 6% lower.

譯文：很遺憾，我方不能接受貴方的報(bào)盤，另一家供應(yīng)商對(duì)同類產(chǎn)品報(bào)出的價(jià)格比貴方低大約6%。

例10：As we have made a great concession in price, I would ask for a discount for this lot.

譯文：我方在價(jià)格上作出了很大讓步，所以要求這批貨能打些折。

例11：We regret to say that there is no possibility of our cutting the price to the extent you required, i.e.6%.

譯文：非常抱歉，很難按貴方要求的減價(jià)幅度減價(jià)6%。

6.訂貨函（Letters of Orders）

訂貨函常用典型語句：

例12：We find both the price and quality of your products satisfactory to our clients and are pleased to enclose our official Order Sheet No.33 for 6,000 cotton pillowcases.

譯文：我方用戶對(duì)貴方產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格和質(zhì)量均非常滿意，遂很高興隨函附寄我方 33號(hào)正式訂單，向貴方訂購6 000套純棉枕套。

例13：The articles should conform to those described in your brochure and to the sample sent to us.If this first order is satisfactorily executed, regular orders will follow.

譯文：商品的質(zhì)量須同貴方商品簡介手冊所描述的以及寄給我方的樣品相符。若第一筆訂單的執(zhí)行情況如能令人滿意，我方將會(huì)經(jīng)常訂購。

例14：We are ready to place an order with you, but only on condition that the goods are confined to Switzerland.

譯文：我方準(zhǔn)備向貴方訂貨，惟一的條件是，貨物只限賣給瑞士的公司。

7.付款函（Letters of Payment）

付款函常用典型語句：

例15：In view of the amount of this transaction being small, we are prepared to accept payment by D/P at sight（or at 60 days? sight）for the value of the goods shipped.

譯文：鑒于此筆交易金額很小，我們準(zhǔn)備同意以即期（或見票60天后）付款交單方式支付貨款。

例16：Please open the L/C 15 to 20 days before the date of delivery, and it should be valid until the 15th day after shipment so that we can get all the shipping documents ready for presentation and negotiation.

譯文：請(qǐng)用信用證付款，由貴方在交貨前15天到20天期間開出，其有效期到貨物裝船后15天截止，以便我方準(zhǔn)備好所有裝運(yùn)單據(jù)提交銀行議付。

8.催款函（Call Letters）

催款函常用典型語句：

例17：We would request you to take up this matter with the issuing bank at once and let us know what has become of the letter of credit, otherwise the shipment will be delayed a great deal.

譯文：請(qǐng)立即與開證銀行聯(lián)系此事，讓我們知道信用證的情況。否則，我們將長期延遲裝運(yùn)。

例18：Having made repeated application for payment of this amount without avail, we now give you notice that we will take out a summons for recovery of the sum.

譯文：經(jīng)過多次催促貴方支付這筆賬款無效，我方鄭重通知貴方我方將發(fā)出法庭傳票以收回這筆款項(xiàng)。

9.裝運(yùn)函（Letters of Packing ＆ Transportation）

裝運(yùn)函常用典型語句：

例19：We wish to advise you that your Order No.109 has been shipped today.

譯文：貴方109號(hào)訂單下的貨物今天已裝運(yùn)，特此通知。

例20：The duplicate shipping documents including bill of lading, invoice, packing list and inspection certificate will be sent to you today.

譯文：裝運(yùn)單據(jù)副本，包括提貨單、發(fā)票、裝箱單和檢驗(yàn)證書，今日將寄給貴方。

例21：We are sure the goods will reach you in good order and give you full satisfaction.

譯文：我們確信貨物將安然抵達(dá)，令貴方完全滿意。

10.保險(xiǎn)函（Letters of Insurance）

保險(xiǎn)函常用典型語句：

例22：We?d like to cover the consignment against All Risks from our warehouse to the port of Amsterdam.

譯文：我方愿為該批寄售貨物投保從我方倉庫至阿姆斯特丹港的全險(xiǎn)。

例23：We should like to know if you can undertake insurance of these goods Against All Risks（A.R.）.

譯文：請(qǐng)告知，貴公司可否承辦這批貨物的全險(xiǎn)。

11.索賠函（Letters of Compensation Claims）

索賠函常用典型語句：

例24：We regret very much to find that, upon examination，60 of the cases of your shipment arrived in a badly damaged condition.

譯文：檢驗(yàn)時(shí)，我們非常遺憾地發(fā)現(xiàn)，貴方所裝運(yùn)的貨物抵達(dá)時(shí)，其中的60箱破損嚴(yán)重。

例25：In support of our claim, we are sending you a survey report issued by China Commodity Inspection Bureau（CCIB）.

譯文：茲寄去中國商品檢驗(yàn)局檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告一份作為我方索賠的依據(jù)。

例26：We hope you will promptly settle the case and bring it to a satisfactory close.

譯文：我們希望貴公司立即解決此事，給出一個(gè)令人滿意的結(jié)果。

12.理賠函（Letters of Claim Settlement）

理賠函常用典型語句：

例27：To compensate you for your loss, we agree to allow you a reduction of 15% off the total invoice value.

譯文：為彌補(bǔ)貴方損失，我們同意從總發(fā)票金額中扣除15%。

例28：It's clear that the shortage in weight was due to the fault of the carrier.Therefore we would advise you to lodge a claim against the shipping company.

譯文：顯然，短量是承運(yùn)人造成的。所以，我們建議貴方向船公司提出索賠。

二、商務(wù)信函的功能

商務(wù)信函是人們在從事國際商務(wù)活動(dòng)中來往的信件，是公文性質(zhì)的信函。它們具有答復(fù)、訂貨、任命、祝賀、感謝、介紹、邀請(qǐng)、聯(lián)絡(luò)、致歉、慰問、吊唁或推銷、磋商、咨詢公務(wù)的功能，涉及愿望、允諾、贊許、建議、催促、詢問、拒絕、辯解、申述、質(zhì)問或譴責(zé)等多方面內(nèi)容，情態(tài)表達(dá)比較豐富。根據(jù)功能劃分，商務(wù)信函大致可以分為兩類：以信息功能為主的商務(wù)信函和偏重于交際功能的商務(wù)信函。

1.以信息功能為主的商務(wù)信函

以信息功能為主的商務(wù)信函的目的是為了傳遞信息——說明情況、陳述事實(shí)、找出解決問題的方法，如：詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤、索賠函、投訴函等等，使收、發(fā)信雙方發(fā)生貿(mào)易往來，達(dá)成交易。要滿足上述功能，其語言特點(diǎn)是必須使用專業(yè)術(shù)語準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)信息意圖，同時(shí)還要在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候使用口語體詞匯及與之相配套的較短的句式，使文體風(fēng)格樸實(shí)平易，易拉近買賣雙方的距離。

A Specimen letter

Oct.16th，2008

Universai Trading Company

25 Jackson Street

Odense, Denmark

Dear Mr.Green，

We have received your letter of Oct.10th offering us 2,000 metric tons of polished rice at B（Thai Baht）24,000 per metric ton on the usual terms.

We regret to inform you that our buyers find your price much too high.We are informed that some lots of American origin have been sold here at a level about 15% lower than yours.

We don?t deny that the quality of Thai rice is slightly better but the difference in price should, in no case, be as large as 10%.To facilitate the transaction, we counter offer as follows subject to your reply being received by us before Oct.26th，2008.

2,000 metric tons of polished rice，2008 crop, at B（Thai Baht）22,800 per metric ton CIF Denmark, other terms as in your letter of Oct.10th.

As the market price is falling, we recommend your immediate acceptance.

Sincerely yours,

Nissim Picker

Purchasing Manager

這是一封還價(jià)函（A letter of counter offer），目的是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方降低價(jià)格。此類信件應(yīng)陳述提出請(qǐng)求的充分理由，注重語言的信息功能以及措辭的禮貌得體。這一點(diǎn)在上面這封信中得到了充分體現(xiàn)。首先寫信人告知收悉對(duì)方來函及來函主要內(nèi)容——大米價(jià)格，然后告知對(duì)方同類美國產(chǎn)品的售價(jià)低于對(duì)方報(bào)價(jià)。接下來，對(duì)泰國的大米質(zhì)量給予肯定，但同時(shí)提出了他們在這一背景下對(duì)價(jià)格的要求并限定了等待期限。最后，談到市場價(jià)格趨勢，借此試圖說服對(duì)方同意自己的請(qǐng)求，敦促對(duì)方接受還價(jià)。

2.偏重于交際功能的商務(wù)信函

偏重于交際功能的商務(wù)信函的目的是為了表達(dá)寫信人的感情，增進(jìn)交流，這類信件的作用是非常重要的，可以維系與客戶的合作關(guān)系、促進(jìn)業(yè)務(wù)，是企業(yè)之間進(jìn)行交往的潤滑劑。這類信件包括：感謝信、祝賀信、道歉信、慰問信等。

A Specimen letter

Dear Mr Johnson:

As we celebrate our 100th anniversary, we want to take this time to thank all of our valued customers whose loyal patronage had allowed us to be so successful over the past 100years.

Anniversaries cause us to reflect on the rapid development that has taken place since we first began business.We are indebted to you for your support and confidence.To show our appreciation, we have enclosed a special coupon worth 20% discount off in your next purchase.

Many thanks for being our customers and we look forward to serving you again.

Yours faithfully,

Joe Black

這是一封感謝信。寫信人在其公司的百年慶典上表達(dá)了對(duì)其尊貴的客戶由衷的感激之情——感謝客戶對(duì)其公司的支持與信心，并為客戶發(fā)放了購物優(yōu)惠券。

一般情況下，在受到客戶追捧、收到友人贈(zèng)送的禮物、參加各種宴請(qǐng)后，以及得到他人這樣那樣的幫助或獲得他人提供的各種機(jī)會(huì)（如就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)），一方會(huì)用不同的方式表示感謝，感謝信則是其中比較正式的一種方式。感謝信本身的正式程度取決于雙方之間的關(guān)系。寫感謝信的時(shí)間應(yīng)該及時(shí)，內(nèi)容應(yīng)簡明扼要，著重事由，感情真摯，語氣友好，體現(xiàn)出親切的氛圍。

第三節(jié)　 商務(wù)信函的文體特征

商務(wù)信函和普通信函在格式、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)方面差別不大。但是在文體特點(diǎn)方面，二者之間存在著明顯的差異。

就文體而言，信函文體是商務(wù)文體的一種，而商務(wù)文體又是實(shí)用性文體的一個(gè)重要分支。因此，商務(wù)信函具有獨(dú)特的文體特征。

從語言學(xué)的角度來看，商務(wù)信函包含在國際商務(wù)英語的范疇里。國際商務(wù)英語，也被稱作商務(wù)英語，是應(yīng)用語言學(xué)項(xiàng)下的一個(gè)重要分支，即：語言學(xué)（Linguistics）→（英語）應(yīng)用語言學(xué)（Applied Linguistics）→專門用途英語（English for Special Purposes）→國際商務(wù)英語（International Business English）→商務(wù)信函（Business Letters）。因此，商務(wù)信函具有國際商務(wù)英語的語言特征。

一、商務(wù)信函的屬性

商務(wù)信函是正式的、公文性質(zhì)的函件，因此，在文體、遣詞造句方面要比普通信函講究，用詞往往嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范、樸素、準(zhǔn)確。商務(wù)信函規(guī)范、正式的特點(diǎn)決定了商務(wù)英語信函多數(shù)情況下使用較為正式的詞匯。如：here/there+prep.構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞, hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, herewith, thereafter, therein等。

二、商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)

商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)——委婉、客氣、有禮貌

在商務(wù)英語信函中，禮貌套語的運(yùn)用相當(dāng)頻繁。

1.表示感謝的套語

例1：It would be appreciated… /We shall appreciate it（very much）… /We should be obliged… /We should be pleased… /if you send us your lowest quotation for the following….

譯文：若能對(duì)下列產(chǎn)品報(bào)最低價(jià)，我們將不勝感激。

例2：It gives us great pleasure to acknowledge receipt of your order of our women's leather shoes of Mar.3rd.

譯文：非常感激收到貴方3月3日的女式皮鞋訂單。

例3：Please accept my sincere/ grateful/ profound appreciation for your kind order of Sept 27th, being accompanied by your cheque, value ￡6,000,000, which we received today.

譯文：請(qǐng)接受我對(duì)貴方7月27日訂單及隨附的價(jià)值6 000 000的英鎊支票真摯的/衷心的/深切的感謝。

例4：We should esteem it a high favour if you could kindly advise us the price for this model and any others that you think would suit our requirements.

譯文：如蒙告知此種型號(hào)和其他適合我們需要型號(hào)的價(jià)格，我們?nèi)f分感激。

例5：Many thanks for your kind and warm letter.

譯文：感謝您友好、熱情洋溢的來信。

例6：Thank you for your inquiry of Oct.16th.We are pleased to hear that you are interested in our tea.

譯文：感謝10月16日的來函，得悉貴公司對(duì)我們的茶葉感興趣，深感榮幸。

例7：We welcome your inquiry of June 10 and thank you for your interest in our products.

譯文：歡迎您6月10日的咨詢，感謝您對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感興趣。

2.表示問候的結(jié)語

（1）親切的結(jié)語問候

Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Very sincerely yours

Cordially; Cordially yours; Very Cordially yours

（2）正式的結(jié)語問候

Yours very truly; Very truly yours

Respectfully yours（特別用于地位尊崇的收信人）

（3）輕松的結(jié)語問候

Best wishes; Cheers! Warmest regards; See you in Phoenix!

3.表示歉意的套語

例8：Please accept our many apologies for the trouble caused to you by the error.

譯文：這一錯(cuò)誤給你們增添了許多麻煩，我們深表歉意。

例9：We tender you /request you to accept our apologies for not being able to book your order at the prices we quoted six months ago.

譯文：對(duì)不能按六個(gè)月前的報(bào)價(jià)接受貴方的訂單，我們深表歉意。

例10：I owe you an apology/ apologies.

譯文：我向貴方致歉。

例11：Our requirements are now fully covered for some time to come, and we therefore greatly regret that we have to cancel our order with you.

譯文：很抱歉，由于我方在今后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所有貨物已完全夠用，因此，不得不取消這次訂貨，敬請(qǐng)諒解。

4.表示收到對(duì)方來函的套語

例12：We have received your letter of /dated Sept.12th and appreciate your interest in our produce.

譯文：我方已收到貴方9月12日（的）來函，感謝貴方對(duì)我方的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品感興趣。

例13：We are in receipt with thanks of your L/C opened through Bank of China for 500 air-conditioners.

譯文：貴方通過中國銀行開具的購買500臺(tái)空調(diào)的信用證收悉，不勝感激。

例14：We admit receipt of your quotations for your cotton bed-sheets and cotton table-cloth.

譯文：你方的棉床單和棉臺(tái)布的報(bào)價(jià)來函收悉。

例15：We acknowledge with thanks receipt of your letter of April 23rd .

譯文：你方4月23日的來函收悉，非常感謝。

5.表示回復(fù)某仹具體函電的套語

例16：Regarding your letter of Aug.9th, we are sending you herewith several samples of leather handbags.

譯文：根據(jù)貴方8月9日的來函，現(xiàn)寄上幾款皮手袋的樣品。

例17：In reply to your letter of Jan.9th, we have pleasure in offering, subject to our final confirmation.Our main products are as follows.

譯文：就貴方1月9日的來函，根據(jù)我方的最后確認(rèn)，我方很高興供貨。我方的主要產(chǎn)品如下。

例18：Referring to your letter of Feb.20th, we have arranged for an early delivery of your Order No.F-232.

譯文：根據(jù)貴方2月20日的來函，我方已安排了貴方F-232號(hào)訂單提早發(fā)貨。

6.表示自己是如何得知對(duì)方時(shí)的套語

例19：We have learned /obtained your name and address from/ through the Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Embasy of the United Kingdom.

譯文：我們從英國大使館商務(wù)參贊處得知了貴公司的名稱和地址。

例20：Your company has kindly been recommended to us by Tianjin Chamber of Commerce.

譯文：天津商會(huì)友好地向我方推薦了貴公司。

例21：We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet.

譯文：我們很榮幸地從國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲悉您的名稱和地址。

例22：By courtesy of Mr.Smith, we are given to understand you are the leading importer of fruits and vegetables in your country.

譯文：承蒙史密斯先生的好意，我們得知貴方是貴國主要的水果蔬菜進(jìn)口商。

7.表示想得到對(duì)方回函/訂單時(shí)的套語

例23：Looking forward to your favourable / positive reply.

譯文：我們靜候佳音。

例24：Looking forward to receiving an early reply.

譯文：期待貴方盡早答復(fù)。

例25：We look forward very much to the pleasure of receiving an order from you.

譯文：期待貴方的訂單。

8.表示隨信寄上某物時(shí)的套語

例26：Enclosed please find the catalogue and price list you asked for.

譯文：隨函寄上的是你方所需的目錄和價(jià)格表。

例27：We are enclosing a copy of our latest catalogue covering the details of all the items available at present.

譯文：隨信寄上的是囊括我們目前所能提供貨物的目錄。

例28：We enclose a check for RMB 5,000 in payment of all commissions due to you.

譯文：隨函附上支票一張，金額為人民幣5 000元，以支付給你方的傭金。

9.禮貌用語和客套話還體現(xiàn)在多用You attitude，而較少使用We attitude

例29：It was good/ fine/ thoughtful of you.

譯文：承蒙好意/關(guān)心。

例30：Your compliance with our request will be highly appreciated.

譯文：承蒙同意，不勝感激。

例31：You would greatly oblige me by obtaining for me information as to the prices of your various qualities of the woolen blankets.

譯文：如蒙您告知貴方各種款式毛毯的價(jià)格情況，我將甚為感激。

三、商務(wù)信函的內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)

商務(wù)信函的內(nèi)容一般要求簡明扼要，主題突出，層次分明

商務(wù)信函的文本特點(diǎn)通常被概括為“5C原則”（Five C's Principles），即：Correctness（準(zhǔn)確），Clarity（清楚），Conciseness（簡潔），Completeness（完整），Courtesy（禮貌），或概括為“7C原則”（Seven C's Principles），即：Correctness（準(zhǔn)確），Clarity（清楚），Conciseness（簡潔），Completeness（完整），Courtesy（禮貌），Concretness（具體），Consideration（體諒）。

四、商務(wù)信函的文體變化

商務(wù)信函的文體會(huì)隨著通信雙方關(guān)系的變化而變化如初次打交道所寫信函一般比較正式，用詞格外禮貌，而隨著交往的增多，彼此雙方變得熟悉起來，信函的文體會(huì)變得較為隨意，因此，翻譯時(shí)譯者也需要反映出這種文體的變化。

第四節(jié)　 翻譯技巧——商務(wù)信函翻譯中的信息對(duì)等問題

商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“信息靈活對(duì)等”。翻譯信息靈活對(duì)等的目標(biāo)是表達(dá)自然，不留痕跡，力求將原文文化背景下的行為模式轉(zhuǎn)換成譯入語文化背景下的行為模式。

商務(wù)信函翻譯中的對(duì)等原則包括：原文的語義信息與譯文語義信息的對(duì)等，準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文的事實(shí)信息；原文的風(fēng)格信息與譯文風(fēng)格信息對(duì)等，貼切再現(xiàn)原文的語氣；原文的文體信息與譯文的文體信息對(duì)等，符合公函文體的特征；原文的文化信息與譯文文化信息對(duì)等以及原文讀者反應(yīng)與譯文讀者反應(yīng)對(duì)等的原則。

一、語義信息的對(duì)等

原文語義信息與譯文語義信息的對(duì)等，準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文的事實(shí)信息。包括三個(gè)方面

1.不同的商務(wù)信函中會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的專業(yè)術(shù)語，專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯要規(guī)范，如：

make an offer發(fā)盤

protection備款以支付；承保范圍

letter of credit信用證

down payment（分期付款的）首付款，定金

shipping advice裝運(yùn)通知

choice variety上等品

counter-offer, counter-suggestion反盤，還盤

invisible trade無形貿(mào)易

inquiry詢價(jià)函

escape clause免責(zé)條款

the confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit保兌的，不可撤銷的信用證

honour承兌（票據(jù)）

average海損

With Particular Average（W.P.A.）水漬險(xiǎn)

2.具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)（如日期、數(shù)量、金額）要翻譯準(zhǔn)確，商務(wù)信函的翻譯雖然不要求字字忠實(shí)，但是對(duì)于正文部分寫信人強(qiáng)調(diào)的具體事實(shí)卻要準(zhǔn)確翻譯，不能遺漏任何細(xì)節(jié)，否則會(huì)給雙方帶來誤解，影響貿(mào)易關(guān)系，如商務(wù)信函中所涉及的日期、數(shù)量、金額、價(jià)格、規(guī)格等關(guān)乎雙方的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，使索盤、報(bào)盤、還盤、反還盤，直至最終達(dá)成協(xié)議，都是以上屬與數(shù)字有關(guān)的內(nèi)容為中心。所以，商務(wù)信函中，數(shù)字的翻譯要非常準(zhǔn)確，不然則會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些問題，致使信函雙方造成誤解，產(chǎn)生糾紛，甚至給一方帶來損失。

3.一般性敘述要用詞恰當(dāng)，行文通順。商務(wù)信函強(qiáng)調(diào)務(wù)實(shí)，用詞講究準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)，行文要流暢，可讀性強(qiáng)。這些都要求譯者在翻譯的時(shí)候遵循商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)，保證信函的翻譯用詞準(zhǔn)確，避免似是而非或意義含糊的詞；專業(yè)行文通順，避免過分冗長拖沓的表達(dá)方式。

二、風(fēng)格信息對(duì)等

原文風(fēng)格信息與譯文風(fēng)格信息對(duì)等，翻譯要貼切再現(xiàn)原文的語氣

商務(wù)信函屬于公函語體，措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語氣委婉，注重禮節(jié)。

商務(wù)信函的翻譯不僅要意思準(zhǔn)確，行文通順，遣詞造句還要符合公函文體的特征，以體現(xiàn)商務(wù)信函的特點(diǎn)和專業(yè)水準(zhǔn)。在商務(wù)信函的翻譯中，對(duì)其中有些表示感謝、歉意的同意或默許約定俗成的、固定化的行業(yè)可以遵循譯入語的習(xí)慣，在譯入語中盡量保留其原有的風(fēng)格，恰當(dāng)、得體地再現(xiàn)原信函的禮貌語氣。漢語商務(wù)信函有一整套公函禮貌套語，有時(shí)可以直接套用相應(yīng)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式，再現(xiàn)原文的語氣和風(fēng)格。如，“貴方”、“貴公司”、“貴處”、“謹(jǐn)”、“承蒙”、“煩請(qǐng)”、“敬請(qǐng)”、“乞諒/見諒”等禮貌詞，還使用“茲”、“欣聞”、“獲悉”、“收悉”、“為盼”等套語。如：

We are pleased to inform you that...我們愉快地向各位宣布??

We have pleasure in aprising you that...我們十分高興的通知您??

Be in receipt of...函悉??

In reply/ answer to茲復(fù)

Please let us know...請(qǐng)告知??

Referring to/ as regards...茲談及??

This is to introduce...茲介紹??

Wish to inform...特此奉告??

Upon the receipt of...一俟收到??

Through the courteous of...承蒙好意??

Thank you in advance for...榮此申謝/ 承蒙??謹(jǐn)先致謝??

We acknowledge with thanks receipt of your Order No.16 of cotton pillowcases of May 26th.茲確認(rèn)收到貴方5月26日關(guān)于棉枕套商品的16號(hào)訂貨單，非常感謝。

三、文體信息的對(duì)等

原文文體信息與譯文文體信息對(duì)等，翻譯要符合公函文體的特征。

英文信函和中文信函在信中日期、地址、稱呼、抬頭和結(jié)束語等程式上是不同的。翻譯時(shí)，一般要套用譯入語商務(wù)信函的格式。英譯漢時(shí)，保留漢語信函的程式；漢譯英時(shí)，套用英文的信函程式。如稱謂，Dear Sir, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sirs, To whom it may concern在一般情況下譯為“敬啟者”，“先生臺(tái)鑒”等。結(jié)語Sincerely yours, Very truly yours, Cordially yours等一般按漢語習(xí)慣翻譯成，“??敬上”。

四、文化信息的對(duì)等

商務(wù)信函的翻譯還要遵循原文的文化信息與譯文文化信息對(duì)等以及原文讀者反應(yīng)與譯文讀者反應(yīng)對(duì)等的原則。語義信息對(duì)等與風(fēng)格信息對(duì)等是基本要求，文化信息對(duì)等建立在此基礎(chǔ)之上。但是，如果與文化信息對(duì)等相抵觸時(shí)，語義信息對(duì)等和風(fēng)格信息對(duì)等則首先應(yīng)該滿足文化信息對(duì)等，以原文讀者反映和譯文讀者反映對(duì)等為最終目的。

練習(xí)

一、請(qǐng)將下面這封推銷信翻譯成漢語。

Offer of a Quality Product Bamboo Carvings

Dear Sirs/ Madams，

We are very pleased to send you with this letter a copy of our catalogue for bamboo carvings.The high quality of our product is well-known and we are confident that a trial order would convince you our goods are excellent.

We are offering you goods of the highest quality on unusually generous terms and would welcome the opportunity to serve you.

Yours faithfully

The Brunner Trade Company

二、請(qǐng)將下面這些句子或段落譯成英語。

1.我方獲悉貴方為光學(xué)儀器制造商，我們想了解貴方是否能提供通用型顯微鏡。如果可以，請(qǐng)將全套產(chǎn)品目錄郵寄與我方，包括價(jià)格，以供參考。

2.由于來自工廠方面的不可預(yù)見的困難，非常遺憾，我方無法按貴方信用證規(guī)定的日期發(fā)運(yùn)。如果貴方能將信用證延至12月15日，裝運(yùn)期延至12月31日，我方將不勝感激。

3.在今后交易中如果每筆金額不超過一萬美元，或不超過按當(dāng)時(shí)兌換率折算的等值人民幣，可按付款交單方式辦理支付。我方認(rèn)為這樣明確一下是適當(dāng)?shù)?。如果金額超過這一數(shù)字，就必須用信用證支付貨款。

4.每年舉辦的兩次廣州交易會(huì)是由各地進(jìn)出口公司主辦的。

5.迄今為止，我方向貴方訂購的全部貨物都是采用保兌的、不可撤銷信用證付款。經(jīng)過長期令人滿意的貿(mào)易交往，我們認(rèn)為我方有資格享受更為寬松的付款條件。我方大多數(shù)的供應(yīng)商都允許我方使用60天期承兌交單的方式付款。如貴方也能給予我方同樣的條件，我方將不勝感激。

6.由于供貨數(shù)量有限，若我方報(bào)價(jià)符合貴公司的要求，請(qǐng)?jiān)缛沼嗁彙?/p>

三、請(qǐng)用給出的詞填空。

advice　　　　　assured　 　basis　　　 comments　　confirmation　　considerable

instructions　　made　　　　receipt　　 shipping　　terms　　　　　 transit

under　　　 users

Dear Sirs/ Madams，

We are in 1 of your letter of Dec，12th, from which we understand that you have booked our order for 500 long tons of Mung beans of first quality.

Ou 2 of order will be forwarded to you in a few days.Since the purchase is 3 on FOB 4 , you are to ship the goods from New York on a container ship to be designated by us.As soon as the 5 space is booked, we shall advise you of the name of the container ship, on which the goods are to go forward.For further 6 , please contact our forwarding agents, ABC Company, New York, who have hitherto taken care of shipments from you.

We trust that the above instructions are clear to you and that the shipment will give the 7 entire satisfaction.

Yours faithfully，

Manager

Sales Dept.

Dear Ms.Elborough，

We thank you very much for your kind order for our coffee which we have received.It has our immediate and careful attention.

You may rest 8 that the coffee 9 the order has been carefully packaged in chest to prevent damage in 10 .We shall send you the shipping 11 and the invoice at the time of shipment by this November.

The 12 of payment you suggested are acceptable, and you may rely on us to give all your orders prompt attention.

Since it is the best season for coffee, we hope you make full use of the opportunity.I am sure you will be pleased to collect good 13 about our coffee from your consumers, and build up a market for the product in your country.

We hope this will lead to more 14orders.

Yours faithfully，

Sales Manager

Seth Brown

四、請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列情況寫一封索賠函。

The rice covered by Order No.A222 arrived here this morning was found upon examination that about 120 bags had not been packed in 5-ply strong paper bags as stipulated in the contract, thus resulting in the breakage during transit.