快速閱讀2　中國國家主席胡錦濤出席二十國集團(tuán)首爾峰會(huì)

周五，中國國家主席胡錦濤同其他二十國集團(tuán)成員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人集聚一堂，共同討論解決全球經(jīng)濟(jì)在持續(xù)復(fù)蘇中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，制訂執(zhí)行方案，以實(shí)現(xiàn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、平衡增長(zhǎng)。

胡錦濤主席曾出席過2008年二十國集團(tuán)的華盛頓峰會(huì)，2009年的倫敦和匹茲堡峰會(huì)，還有6月剛剛舉行的多倫多峰會(huì)，此次將在韓國首都首爾召開的第五次峰會(huì)中就即將討論的重要議題陳述中方立場(chǎng)。

在首爾峰會(huì)中，各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將討論世界經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，“強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、平衡增長(zhǎng)框架”，國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革，加強(qiáng)國際金融監(jiān)管，全球金融安全網(wǎng)和發(fā)展等問題。

上周二，胡錦濤主席在接受韓國媒體聯(lián)合書面采訪時(shí)曾表示，“即將在韓國首爾召開的二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)首次在新興市場(chǎng)國家和亞洲舉行，這對(duì)二十國集團(tuán)機(jī)制的發(fā)展具有重要意義”。

胡錦濤指出，首爾峰會(huì)應(yīng)主要抓住以下問題：

——繼續(xù)本著“同舟共濟(jì)”精神和互利共贏原則，加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，向市場(chǎng)發(fā)出二十國集團(tuán)成員團(tuán)結(jié)一致應(yīng)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)重大挑戰(zhàn)的積極信號(hào)，提振市場(chǎng)信心，鞏固世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇勢(shì)頭。

——推動(dòng)國際金融體系改革，加強(qiáng)國際金融市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，增加新興市場(chǎng)國家和發(fā)展中國家在國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)中的發(fā)言權(quán)和代表性。

——推動(dòng)解決南北發(fā)展不平衡問題，為落實(shí)聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)提供政治支持。

——反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，推動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織多哈回合談判取得全面均衡的成果，實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展回合目標(biāo)。

二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)先后舉行四次，制定了應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融危機(jī)的舉措，在推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)、穩(wěn)定國際金融市場(chǎng)、提振民眾和企業(yè)信心方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。

六月在多倫多會(huì)面時(shí)，二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成共識(shí)：當(dāng)務(wù)之急是鞏固和促進(jìn)復(fù)蘇，為經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、平衡增長(zhǎng)奠定基礎(chǔ)，加強(qiáng)金融體系。

主辦方韓國表示，首爾峰會(huì)中，二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將在以往峰會(huì)成果基礎(chǔ)上，為實(shí)現(xiàn)共同的根本目標(biāo)，提出新的議題。

二十國集團(tuán)成立于1999年，由重要的發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家組成，主要討論全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)鍵問題。其成員包括：阿根廷、澳大利亞、巴西、英國、加拿大、中國、法國、德國、印度、印度尼西亞、意大利、日本、墨西哥、俄羅斯、沙特阿拉伯、南非、韓國、土耳其、美國以及歐盟。二十國集團(tuán)國民生產(chǎn)總值的總量約占全世界的90%，總貿(mào)易額達(dá)到全世界的80%（包括歐盟的內(nèi)部貿(mào)易），人口也將近世界總?cè)丝诘?/3。

練習(xí)答案

I.

1. 1951： the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

1957： the European Atomic Energy Community (Euroatom) and the European Economic

Community (EEC) (the Treaties of Rome)

1967： the European Community (EC)

Thus， the European Union (EU) (the Treaty of Maastricht)

2. The European Commission is the core institution that runs the day to day business and the only European institution that can draft legislation.

The European Parliament provides a democratic forum for debate. It has a watchdog function and also plays a part in the legislative process.

The Council of the European Union is the main decision-making institution.

The European Court of Justice adjudicates on disputes relating to EU powers and decision making.

3. One prime benefit of NAFTA is that goods shipped between the three countries have labels printed in three languages： French， Spanish， and English. Another is that the NAFTA agreement also encourages greater immigration between the three countries.

4. Not exactly. The EU， like NAFTA， is an economic union that fosters greater trade and cooperation between a large handful of the countries of Europe. EU members， however， have a common currency “Euro”， while NAFTA members do not. Also， the EU has a political element and its own government， neither of which NAFTA has.

5. APEC is the only inter-governmental grouping in the world operating on the basis of non-binding commitments， open dialogue and equal respect for the views of all participants. Unlike the WTO or other multilateral trade bodies， APEC has no treaty obligations required of its participants. Decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus and commitments and undertaken on a voluntary basis.

6. Regional economic integration brings about trade creation； enlarges the market capacity； stimulates competition and investment； facilitates the flow of factors of production； promotes international division of labour； enhances productivity and reduces transaction costs， so that the resources are effectively allocated among the members. The total welfare of all members will increase after integration. The prospects of these benefits helped the emergence of regional organizations for economic integration.

II. 1. d 2. g 3. a 4. f 5. b 6. c 7. i 8. j 9. e 10. h

III.

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化常指某些在一定的區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)，地理相鄰的國家建立合作組織，以減少并最終取消關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘，使商品、服務(wù)以及生產(chǎn)要素可以在各成員國間自由流動(dòng)，其目的是為了獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)。

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的程度不同，按其一體化的程度，從弱至強(qiáng)依次是：優(yōu)惠貿(mào)易協(xié)定、自由貿(mào)易區(qū)、關(guān)稅同盟、共同市場(chǎng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟和政治同盟。

IV.

1. The overall strategic goal of Pan-Pearl River Delta regional economic cooperation is to achieve regional economic integration.

2. Citizens of the EU can travel without restriction within the EU.

3. In a mere decade， APEC has grown to a key economic cooperation forum in the world， boasting 21 members in the Asia-Pacific.

4. In the G20， industrialized countries and emerging markets come together to share ideas and promote financial stability.

5. The ASEAN has become a representation for regional cooperation in Southeast Asia.

V. Omitted

快速閱讀1

I. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F

II. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C

快速閱讀2

I.

1. Washington， London， Pittsburgh and Toronto.

2. The world economic situation， the “Framework for Strong， Sustainable and Balanced global growth”， the reform of global financial institutions， the strengthening of financial regulations， a global financial safety net and development issues.

3. The G20 summit held in Seoul， the Republic of Korea， is the first one of its kind to be held in an emerging economy and in Asia.

4. They all might have discussed the measures to deal with the international financial crisis.

5. Because G20 members represent around 90 percent of global gross national product， 80 percent of world trade and two-thirds of the world’s population.

II. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F