◆第一章◆　短對話

一、短對話解題思路與技巧

1．解題步驟

快速瀏覽選項，注意相同或相關(guān)詞語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，確定對話主題；

根據(jù)選項表達形式等特點及選項內(nèi)容，推測問題類型及內(nèi)容，確定聽音重點；

集中精力聽對話內(nèi)容，注意抓取關(guān)鍵點，做好相應(yīng)的筆記；

根據(jù)問題對號入座，得出答案。

2．?？季涫?/p>

四級英語聽力短對話中經(jīng)常涉及表示轉(zhuǎn)折、強調(diào)、虛擬、比較、否定等特殊句式，能否正確理解這些句式往往就是解題的關(guān)鍵。因此，熟悉和掌握考試中常見的特殊句式，將有助于考生在考試中更加快速、準確地抓住關(guān)鍵信息。

1）轉(zhuǎn)折句式

轉(zhuǎn)折句式一般都是先說明原本的意圖或情況，然后經(jīng)but等詞來說明后來的實際想法或事實結(jié)果，設(shè)題點往往在but等轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后。例如：

A：How about joiningme for a cup of coffee？

B：I’d love to，but I’m exhausted．Iwas up till 3．

2）強調(diào)句式

強調(diào)句式有以下幾種不同的表現(xiàn)形式：

通過一些表示說話者想法的詞來實現(xiàn)，如certainly，sure，of course，you bet等，后面再解釋原因或給出理由。

通過謂語動詞及系動詞如do，does，did，are，am，was，were等來表示對某一種想法或所做的事的堅決態(tài)度。

通過一些形容詞或副詞來表達說話者非常堅定的想法，如really can’t，just can’t等。

通過說話的語氣、聲調(diào)、語速等加以強調(diào)。

3）虛擬句式

虛擬語氣是四級聽力考試的重點考查內(nèi)容之一，它表達的是與事實相反的內(nèi)容或是一種不可能實現(xiàn)的意愿。

（1）if虛擬條件句

虛擬語氣下的條件句稱為虛擬條件句，又叫非真實條件句，其所談?wù)摰那闆r與事實相反或不太可能發(fā)生?？忌诼犚魰r要注意區(qū)分虛擬條件句與真實條件句。

如：If Iwere you，Iwould turn it in to the security office．

（2）wish后的虛擬語氣

動詞wish后的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示不太可能或沒有把握實現(xiàn)的愿望。如：

A：Your son certainly shows a lot of enthusiasm on the tennis court．

B：Ionly wish he’d show asmuch for his studies．

（3）if only后用虛擬語氣

謂語動詞用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望。如：…but if only we had known a few of the other guests．

（4）should/shouldn’t/needn’t…＋have done表虛擬含義

表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒有做/本不應(yīng)該做某事但實際卻做了/本不必做某事但實際卻做了”等含義。例如：

They shouldn’t have done that．　他們本不應(yīng)該做那件事。

Jack should have told the truth．　杰克本應(yīng)該說實話的。

3．應(yīng)急高招

縱覽歷年真題我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，正確選項和干擾項的設(shè)置均存在一定的規(guī)律和特點。了解這些規(guī)律和特點有助于我們推測哪些選項最可能是答案，哪些選項很可能是干擾項，從而縮小聽音范圍，提高做題的正確率。

求同原則：主題與其他三個選項明顯不同的選項往往不是答案；

相近原則：出現(xiàn)談?wù)撛掝}相同或相近的兩個選項時，其中一個可能是正確答案；

相反原則：意思明顯相反的兩個選項往往有一個為正確答案。

二、短對話練習

Exercise One

1．A）Theman should visit themuseums．

　B）The beach resort is a good choice．

　C）She can’t stand the hotweather．

　D）She enjoys staying in Washington．

2．A）It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer．

　B）Itwasmainlymeant for cancer patients．

　C）Itmight appealmore to viewers over 40．

　D）Itwas frequently interrupted by commercials．

3．A）The tickets aremore expensive than expected．

　B）The tickets are sold in advance at half price．

　C）It’s difficult to buy the tickets on the spot．

　D）It’s better to buy the tickets beforehand．

4．A）He prefers to wear jeanswith a largerwaist．

　B）He has been extremely busy recently．

　C）He has gained someweight lately．

　D）He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday．

5．A）The woman possesses a natural talent for art．

　B）Women have a better artistic taste thanmen．

　C）He isn’t good at abstract thinking．

　D）He doesn’t like abstract paintings．

6．A）He needs another week for the painting．

　B）The paintingwas completed just in time．

　C）The building won’t open until nextweek．

　D）His artistic work has been well received．

7．A）She was absent allweek owing to sickness．

　B）She was seriously injured in a car accident．

　C）She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized．

　D）She had to be away from school to attend to her husband．

8．A）Theman had a hard time finding a parking space．

　B）The woman found they had got to the wrong spot．

　C）The woman was offended by theman’s late arrival．

　D）Theman couldn’t find his car in the parking lot．

Exercise To

1．A）He is rather disappointed．

　B）He is highly ambitious．

　C）He can’t face up to the situation．

　D）He knows his own limitation．

2．A）He is pleased with his exciting new job．

　B）He finds the huge workload unbearable．

　C）He finds his officemuch too big for him．

　D）He is not so excited about his new position．

3．A）Only true friendship can last long．

　B）Letterwriting is going out of style．

　C）She keeps in regular touch with her classmates．

　D）She has lost contactwithmost of her old friends．

4．A）She sold all her furniture before shemoved house．

　B）She still keeps some old furniture in her new house．

　C）She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement．

　D）She brought a new set of furniture from Italy lastmonth．

5．A）The woman wondered why theman didn’t return the book．

　B）The woman doesn’t seem to know what the book is about．

　C）The woman doesn’t find the book useful anymore．

　D）The woman forgot lending the book to theman．

6．A）The girls got on wellwith each other．

　B）It’s understandable that girls don’t get along．

　C）She was angry with the other young stars．

　D）The girls lacked the courage to fight．

7．A）Most studentswould like to work for a newspaper．

　B）Most students find a job by reading advertisements．

　C）Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate．

　D）Most students don’twant jobs advertised in the newspapers．

8．A）She talked with Mr．Wright on the phone．

　B）She is about to call Mr．Wright’s secretary．

　C）She will see Mr．Wright at lunch time．

　D）She failed to reach Mr．Wright．

ExerciseThree

1．A）She is black and blue all over．

　B）She has to go to see a doctor．

　C）She stayed away from work for a few days．

　D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday．

2．A）He has proved to be a better reader than the woman．

　B）He has difficulty understanding the book．

　C）He cannot get access to the assigned book．

　D）He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline．

3．A）He is actually very hardworking．

　B）He has difficulty finishing his project．

　C）He needs to spend more time in the lab．

　D）He seldom tells the truth about himself．

4．A）He is not easy-going．

　B）He is the speakers’boss．

　C）He is not at home thisweekend．

　D）He seldom invites people to his home．

5．A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while．

　B）Have someone repair the refrigerator．

　C）Ask theman to fix the refrigerator．

　D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality．

6．A）She will drive theman to the supermarket．

　B）Theman should buy a car of his own．

　C）Theman needn’t go shopping every week．

　D）She can pick theman up at the grocery store．

7．A）He turned suddenly and ran into a tree．

　B）He was hit by a fallen box from a truck．

　C）He drove too fast and crashed into a truck．

　D）He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him．8．A）She isn’t sure when Professor Bloom will be back．

　B）Theman shouldn’t be late for his class．

　C）Theman can come back sometime later．

　D）She can pass on themessage for theman．

Exercise Four

1．A）He understands the woman’s feelings．

　B）He has gone through a similar experience．

　C）The woman should have gone on the field trip．

　D）The teacher is just following the regulations．

2．A）Teaching her son by herself．

　B）Having comfidence in her son．

　C）Asking the teacher for extra help．

　D）Telling her son not toworry．

3．A）Theman can speak a foreign language．

　B）The woman hopes to improve her English．

　C）The woman knowsmany different languages．

　D）Theman wishes to visitmanymore countries．

4．A）They went a longway to attend the party．

　B）They didn’t think much of the food and drinks．

　C）They knew none of the other guests at the party．

　D）They enjoyed the party better than the other guests．

5．A）Theman has left a good impression on her family．

　B）Theman can dress casually for the occasion．

　C）Theman should buy himself a new suit．

　D）Theman’s jeans and T-shirts are stylish．

6．A）It is a routine offer．　　　　　　　B）It is new on themenu．

　C）It is quite healthy．　D）It is a good bargain．

7．A）A painter．　　B）A mechanic．　　C）A porter．　　　D）A carpenter．

8．A）Tony’s secretary．　B）Paul’s girlfriend．

C）Paul’s colleague．　D）Tony’swife．