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        ? 首頁 ? 理論教育 ?長難句解析技巧

        長難句解析技巧

        時間:2023-04-05 理論教育 版權(quán)反饋
        【摘要】:長難句解析技巧_英語第二節(jié) 長難句解析技巧一、明確長句的難點在閱讀實踐中,考生往往會有這種體驗:一個句子里沒有生詞,可是讀來讀去,就是讀不懂,而且偏偏有題目要求理解這樣的句子。不同的是,例1中的句子屬于閱讀中極為罕見的短句,而例2中的句子卻是閱讀中比比皆是的長句。

        第二節(jié) 長難句解析技巧

        一、明確長句的難點

        在閱讀實踐中,考生往往會有這種體驗:一個句子里沒有生詞,可是讀來讀去,就是讀不懂,而且偏偏有題目要求理解這樣的句子。這種現(xiàn)象說明了一個簡單的道理,那就是句子不是簡單的生詞堆砌,理解句子也不僅僅是認識句子中的每一個單詞。要想解決閱讀中的句子問題,首先必須清楚這些句子難在何處。通過比較下面兩組句子,英文長句究竟難在何處便一目了然了。

        例1:

        A.A computer is a high tech.

        B.Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people.

        C.Education is rapid going out of fashion.

        D.The media can impact current events.

        例2:

        A.With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters,the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.

        B.My new home was a long way from the centre of London but it was becoming essential to find a job,so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the tube.

        C.Therefore,it is important that children,the citizens of the future,become functionally acquainted with science—with the process and spirit of science,as well as with its facts and principles.

        D.Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism,even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits,not just in terms of education,the sector for which it was originally designed,but more importantly on a global level,the spread of news and comment.

        這兩組句子都出自歷年的閱讀理解真題部分。不同的是,例1中的句子屬于閱讀中極為罕見的短句,而例2中的句子卻是閱讀中比比皆是的長句。對比這兩組后,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)例2中的句子之所以難,首先體現(xiàn)在一個“長”字上。這些句子普遍都很長,有的句子包含了幾個從句,有的句子含有很長的定語或狀語。而例1中的句子平均只有四五個單詞。其次,例2中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜。一個句子中往往是從句套從句,并伴隨復雜的分詞結(jié)構(gòu);整個句子枝杈繁復,錯綜復雜。而例1中的句子都是只有主謂賓或主系表的簡單句。再次,例2中的句子很多地方的表達不符合漢語的思維習慣,特別是語序上可能和漢語有較大的差異。而采用英語基本句型的例1中的句子在語序和表達上都符合漢語的習慣。最后,某些特殊句型如強調(diào)句、倒裝句、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等在句子中的應用增加了句子的難度。

        在明確了長句的難點之后,要想迅速準確地理解這些長句的關(guān)鍵就是將這些復雜難懂的長句簡化成簡單易懂類似例1中的句子。

        二、長難句簡化解析法

        明結(jié)構(gòu),找主干

        分層次,理枝杈

        抓核心,去枝節(jié)

        在看到一個長句時,不要慌張,要能夠利用語法中已經(jīng)學過的關(guān)于句子結(jié)構(gòu)和各種從句的知識來分析判斷這個長句是主從復合句、并列句還是帶有復雜的非謂語修飾成分的簡單句。在明確了句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)后,還要迅速找出主從復合句的主句或并列句、簡單句中的主干部分。抓住主干后,逐步理清句子的其他成分的作用和順序。特別是復雜的主從復合句,要明確句子到底含有幾層從句以及各從句的性質(zhì)和相互關(guān)系。最后一步工作,也是整個精簡長句步驟至關(guān)重要的一步,就是要抓住整個句子的核心——句子要表達的最重要的或最新的信息要點。很多時候,句子要表達的最重要的信息或文章后問題所涉及的信息不一定是主句或句子主干表達出來的。

        例3:

        With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters,the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.

        主句:With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters,the authorities believe

        第一層:floating communities may well be the future

        核心內(nèi)容:floating communities may well be the future

        難點:With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters

        這句話中最核心的內(nèi)容是講將來可能有水上漂移型社區(qū),最難的是理解主句中獨立結(jié)構(gòu)做的原因狀語來解釋為什么會有這種社區(qū):因為有1/3的土地已經(jīng)被水覆蓋,還有一半的陸地已低于海平面,時常受到不斷上漲的海水的威脅。

        例4:

        Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism,even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits,not just in terms of education,the sector for which it was originally designed,but more importantly on a global level,the spread of news and comment.

        主句:Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism,even the most narrow-minded must admit

        第一層:that the net offers immeasurable benefits,not just in terms of education,but more importantly on a global level,the spread of news and comment

        第二層:for which it was originally designed

        核心內(nèi)容:the net offers immeasurable benefits

        難點:Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism

        這個句子的核心意思是:網(wǎng)絡給我們帶來的好處不勝枚舉,不僅僅是在教育方面,更重要的是在全球范圍內(nèi)傳播信息和觀點、新聞及其評述。難點是理解主句中現(xiàn)在分詞做的狀語,它的意思是:拋開我們經(jīng)常擔心的色情和政治極端主義不提,即使是那些頭腦最狹隘的人也得承認網(wǎng)絡的好處。

        通過以上的精簡工作,我們即可成功地把兩個內(nèi)容較復雜的主從復合句按照句子的層次簡化成若干個像例1中的句子一樣的短句,這樣化整為零、逐層攻破,任務就被簡化了,而且句子的核心也就清晰可見了。這種方法也同樣適用于修飾成分復雜的簡單句。

        在拆分解析長句時,可利用下面的表格來使拆分工作變得更簡單、更順暢。

        1.閱讀時拆分的基本單位

        img12

        2.基本單位之間的關(guān)系

        img13

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