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        ? 首頁(yè) ? 理論教育 ?還盤與反還盤

        還盤與反還盤

        時(shí)間:2023-04-05 理論教育 版權(quán)反饋
        【摘要】:第二十四課 還盤與反還盤參考譯文◎背景簡(jiǎn)介長(zhǎng)沙外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口公司和美國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東外貿(mào)公司之間的價(jià)格爭(zhēng)議繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。買主布朗先生想要得到更加優(yōu)惠的報(bào)盤,賣主張先生堅(jiān)持他自己的價(jià)格,談判陷入了僵局?!蚯榫皶?huì)話1.討價(jià)還價(jià)Z:看過(guò)報(bào)價(jià)單嗎,布朗先生?好吧,布朗先生,考慮到這是一種新產(chǎn)品,為了開拓市場(chǎng),我們也許能給你浮動(dòng)折扣。訂單超過(guò)30萬(wàn)美元,折扣增加到百分之五。

        第二十四課 還盤與反還盤

        參考譯文

        ◎背景簡(jiǎn)介

        長(zhǎng)沙外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口公司和美國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東外貿(mào)公司之間的價(jià)格爭(zhēng)議繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。買主布朗先生想要得到更加優(yōu)惠的報(bào)盤,賣主張先生堅(jiān)持他自己的價(jià)格,談判陷入了僵局。最后雙方各讓一半,買賣圓滿成功。

        ◎情景會(huì)話

        1.討價(jià)還價(jià)(1)

        Z:看過(guò)報(bào)價(jià)單嗎,布朗先生?

        B:別著急,我馬上把報(bào)價(jià)單看一遍……啊,張先生,你不是在開玩笑吧。我一看便可告訴你,你們的價(jià)格太高了,拿絲綢來(lái)說(shuō),你們的價(jià)格比日本的要高出25%,因此,按這樣的價(jià)格買進(jìn),我方實(shí)難推銷。

        Z:布朗先生,當(dāng)然我不是在開玩笑。你也許注意到了,自從上月以來(lái),這些商品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的價(jià)格大大上漲了,因?yàn)榻鼇?lái)生產(chǎn)成本漲了許多。我們也不得不相應(yīng)地調(diào)整銷售價(jià),和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格相比,我們提供的價(jià)格還是相當(dāng)合理的,有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的。

        B:恐怕我不同意你的看法,你們的價(jià)格比我們剛從別處得到的價(jià)格要高,比方說(shuō)日本的報(bào)價(jià)就比較低。

        Z:但是,你應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮質(zhì)量,你知道中國(guó)絲綢聞名于全世界,中國(guó)的棉織品也一樣,我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量高,結(jié)合質(zhì)量加以考慮,我們的價(jià)格是合理的,優(yōu)惠的。

        B:是的,我知道你們的質(zhì)量好。這就是我們?yōu)槭裁催M(jìn)口你方產(chǎn)品的原因。但價(jià)格不能那么高。我們也從其他國(guó)家進(jìn)口同類產(chǎn)品,質(zhì)量幾乎同你們的一樣。但價(jià)格通常低于你們的15%。所以我認(rèn)為客戶很難接受你方的價(jià)格。以這個(gè)價(jià)格我們是談不到一塊了。我們只要求你方的價(jià)格和別人的差不多。我想,這該合理吧!

        2.討價(jià)還價(jià)(2)

        Z:你能還盤把你方認(rèn)為合適的價(jià)格談一下嗎?

        B:我希望你們減價(jià)15%,因?yàn)槲覀兒茈y說(shuō)服顧客以這種價(jià)格購(gòu)買。

        Z:我們恐怕很難接受你方的還盤。關(guān)于這種商品的行情,我相信你們是清楚的,這些是我們的暢銷貨。即使有些國(guó)家的同類商品正在削價(jià)拋售,目前我們的產(chǎn)品仍然供不應(yīng)求,我們不能在價(jià)格上作過(guò)多削減。

        B:如果真是這樣,那就沒(méi)有必要再談下去了,整個(gè)交易就此告吹。我們的談判就半途而廢。

        Z:我的意思是,我們不可能把價(jià)格減到你說(shuō)的程度,距離太大了。好吧,我認(rèn)為雙方堅(jiān)持自己的價(jià)格是不明智的。為了成交,我們很愿意做些讓步。請(qǐng)你大概談下要訂購(gòu)多少,以便我們能對(duì)價(jià)格作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

        B:我們的訂貨量在很大的程度上取決于價(jià)格,我們先解決價(jià)格問(wèn)題吧。

        3.買方要求減價(jià)

        Z:好吧,如果你們訂貨量大,我們準(zhǔn)備減價(jià)2%。

        B:我說(shuō)你方的價(jià)格太高,并不是說(shuō)只高出2%~3%,和15%相比,減2%等于沒(méi)減。

        Z:那么你說(shuō)多少,能否談一個(gè)大概數(shù)字?你的意思是要我減價(jià)15%,對(duì)嗎?

        B:你方服裝的單價(jià)比我方能接受的平均高出40美元,絲綢每碼要高20美元,我建議各讓一半。

        Z:你的意思是我們的服裝單價(jià)必須削減20美元,而絲綢每碼削減10美元,那不可能。你怎么能期望我減那么多呢?

        B:坦率地對(duì)你說(shuō),我能從另一個(gè)供應(yīng)商處獲得報(bào)價(jià),價(jià)格比你們的低多了。如果你們堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)有的價(jià)格,我只好接受另一家的報(bào)盤。如果我們各讓一半,買賣就可以成功。

        4.各讓一半

        Z:布朗先生,按照你所說(shuō)的,我真不知道怎樣才能把這筆買賣做成功,如果我們按照你要求的價(jià)格出售,我們就要虧本了。 我們各讓一半吧,共同努力才能使我們前進(jìn)一步。

        B:你的意見呢?

        Z:充其量我們服裝的單價(jià)再減10美元,絲綢每碼再減5美元,這是我們的最低價(jià)。不能再減價(jià)了。

        B:好吧,為了成交,我接受你方的絲綢價(jià)格,但服裝單價(jià)還有10元的差距,再各讓一半吧,這樣差距就會(huì)彌合,業(yè)務(wù)就會(huì)成交了。

        Z:布朗先生,你真有辦法把我說(shuō)服了。好吧,為了友誼起見,我們可以每件再降5元。

        B:非常高興,在價(jià)格問(wèn)題上我們已達(dá)成了協(xié)議,交易就按此價(jià)格敲定。

        5.談?wù)撜劭蹎?wèn)題

        B:張先生,此次,我打算大批訂貨,但你要給我方折扣,否則不可能成交。

        Z:原則上我們是不給折扣的,因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)趦r(jià)格上做出了很大讓步。

        B:當(dāng)我們向其他供應(yīng)商訂這么多貨時(shí),我們通常可以得到很大的折扣。

        Z:但是我認(rèn)為你很難從別處得到這樣優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格。

        B:我們訂這么多的貨,折扣多少還是要給的吧。

        Z:考慮到我們之間長(zhǎng)期的貿(mào)易關(guān)系,我們給予3%的特殊折扣。

        B:3%的折扣?太少了。我們從歐洲的出口商那里通常得到10%的折扣。

        Z:恐怕不能給你這么高的折扣。這樣的話,我們就無(wú)利可圖了。好吧,布朗先生,考慮到這是一種新產(chǎn)品,為了開拓市場(chǎng),我們也許能給你浮動(dòng)折扣。

        B:你能說(shuō)得更具體一些嗎?

        Z:是這樣的,假設(shè)你們的訂單達(dá)到10萬(wàn)美元,我們給百分之三的折扣。訂單超過(guò)30萬(wàn)美元,折扣增加到百分之五。40萬(wàn)美元就是百分之七,以此類推。

        B:你的建議似乎是合理的。好吧,為了成交,我接受了。

        ◎參考答案

        I.Comprehension questions on situational conversation:

        1.Because Mr.Brown, the buyer wants to get the favorable offer, and Mr.Zhang, the seller thinks that the quality of his products is higher than that of others, and insists on his own prices.

        2.Mr.Brown thinks that the prices of silks are much too high, almost 25% higher than those of Japan, so he can’t accept the prices of silks because it would be difficult for him to sell the goods.

        3.Because the cost of production has risen a great deal recently.

        4.He wants to explain to Mr.Brown that the prices of his products are reasonable, and persuade Mr.Brown to buy his products.

        5.Firstly, Mr.Brown pointed out that the prices of Mr.Zhang’s goods are much too high, even almost 25% higher than those of Japanese goods.Then he emphasized the difficulty of the end users’ acceptance to the prices.Finally he asked for reduction of the prices.

        6.At first, Mr.Zhang pointed out that the prices for these commodities have gone up a lot in the international market because the cost of production has risen a great deal recently.Then he emphasized the good quality of his products.He said, “The Chinese silks are famous all over the world, and so are the Chinese piece goods.Taking the quality into consideration, I think our prices are reasonable and favorable.”

        7.Because he may adjust his prices according to the size of Mr.Brown’s order, that is, if the order is large enough, Mr.Zhang would reduce his prices accordingly.This is a principle of small profits but quick turnover.

        8.Yes, it is.Because the price gap is too great.

        9.I think the best way to put the business through is to meet each other halfway because mutual efforts would carry the buyer and the seller a step forward.

        10.Giving a suitable discount may be the other term to put the business through.

        II.Complete the following dialogues:

        1.B:Well, it may appear a little higher, but the quality of our products is much better than that of other suppliers.You must take this into consideration.

        2.B:Don’t you know the prices of raw material have risen a great deal since last month and the prices of these commodities have gone up a lot in international market?

        3.B:I’m afraid it’s rather on the high side.There would be little likelihood of concluding business on basis of your quotation, which is evidently out of line.

        4.B:In fact, the price we have quoted is already below that of the international market.Further reduction on our price would leave us with little or no profit.

        5.B:I think so long as both of us meet each other halfway, our business will be concluded successfully.

        6.B:Considering the high quality of your sugar, what about US$500 per M/T.

        7.B:Well, in order to get the business, we are quite willing to make some concessions.Would you give me an idea at what price you wish to strike the deal?

        8.B:I’m sorry we are still unable to agree with you.It’s still far from what we can accept.

        9.B:It’s impossible.Such a big discount means that it won’t leave us anything.I think our maximum is 5%.

        III.Make sentences with the following:

        1.I have just gone over your quotation sheet and found your prices are much too high.

        2.National income has gone up by 10 percent this year because we have practiced the policy of reforming and opening our doors to the outside world.

        3.The deal was called off at the last moment.

        4.The success of the launch depends on the publicity.

        5.On the average, £100 worth if goods are sold every day.

        6.The gap between the buyer and the seller was too big, but they have pulled the business through after mutual negotiation.

        7.The buyer tried to talk the seller into making concessions in price.

        8.For the sake of safety, we suggest that you should use wooden box as outer packing.

        9.No matter how big the gap is between the buyer and seller, they want to pull this business through.

        10.Our company adopts a sliding scale wage system.

        IV.Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English, then use them to replace the italicized parts in the sentences:

        1.① quotation sheet

        ② catalogue

        ③ order or indent

        ④ sales contract

        ⑤ agent agreement

        ⑥ English fax

        2.① have risen a bit

        ② have soared

        ③ haven’t Changed much

        ④ have been reduced greatly

        ⑤ have been cut down a great deal

        ⑥ have been adjusted accordingly

        3.① somewhat lower than you expected

        ② reasonable as compared with those in the international market

        ③ more competitive than those of similar Japanese products

        ④ lower than those you got from elsewhere

        ⑤ will make you more satisfactory

        ⑥ will attract more customers

        4.① accept your counter-offer

        ② give you 10% discount

        ③ sell your goods at such a price

        ④ make a further reduction of the price

        ⑤ to conclude the transaction at this price

        ⑥ supply so many goods and make prompt shipment

        5.① impossible for us to make further reduction of the prices

        ② difficult for us to persuade our endusers to accept your price

        ③ impracticable for us to reduce the price by 5%

        ④ necessary for each to make another concession

        ⑤ worthwhile for us to advertise (the products) on TV

        ⑥ uneasy for us to persuade our customers to buy your goods at this price

        6.① settle the matter of commission at first

        ② discuss the matter of payment by installments

        ③ adjust our prices of our products

        ④ see your samples firstly

        ⑤ see the quotations on the international market

        ⑥ strike the deal at US$4,000 per M/T

        7.① we can’t accept your offer

        ② we can’t set our price below the cost

        ③ the lowest we can do is US$40 per dozen, CIF Los Angeles and can’t go any further

        ④ US$30 is really not acceptable

        ⑤ we have to call the deal off if you still insist on your original quotation

        ⑥ we can only make a reduction of US$5 per M/T in the price

        8.① we give you such favourable offer

        ② we are willing to make some concession in terms of payment

        ③ we may make a 2% reduction of the price

        ④ we have made you a firm offer at this price

        ⑤ we may accept your bid

        ⑥ we’ll meet your needs

        V.Read and translate the following mini dialogues:

        1.討價(jià)還價(jià)(1)

        A:價(jià)格是多少?我們很關(guān)心價(jià)格問(wèn)題。

        B:你會(huì)覺(jué)得我們的價(jià)格很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。每公噸倫敦到岸價(jià)3 000英鎊。

        A:我必須指出,這個(gè)價(jià)格太高,我不能接受。幾乎比我從其他買主處所獲得的價(jià)格高出百分之五十。

        B:可是,你應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。我們的貨不是大路貨。將質(zhì)量加以考慮,你會(huì)覺(jué)得我們的價(jià)格是合理的。

        2.討價(jià)還價(jià)(2)

        A:如果我們以這個(gè)價(jià)格買進(jìn),很難推銷。

        B:你是我們的老顧客啦。你知道我們不喜歡討價(jià)還價(jià),我們的報(bào)盤是符合國(guó)際市場(chǎng)行情的。

        A:但是我們不能說(shuō)服我們的用戶接受你方的價(jià)格,因?yàn)樗麄兒推渌?yīng)商相比覺(jué)得你方價(jià)格偏高。

        B:不能離開質(zhì)量來(lái)談價(jià)格,如果貨物質(zhì)量好,用戶是不在乎價(jià)格的。

        3.調(diào)價(jià)

        A:這種產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格是多少?

        B:這種商品的價(jià)格是每公噸1 500 英鎊。

        A:貴方價(jià)格上升了許多,原因何在?

        B:生產(chǎn)成本上升了許多,我們只好相應(yīng)地提高銷售價(jià),事實(shí)上這個(gè)價(jià)格我們幾乎無(wú)利可圖。

        A:但就我所知,采用新技術(shù),可以增加生產(chǎn),降低單位成本。

        B:對(duì)不起,這一點(diǎn)我不同意你的看法。產(chǎn)量增加了,但消費(fèi)增加得更快。

        4.暫停發(fā)盤

        A:請(qǐng)?jiān)徫覀兾茨軐?duì)你方的詢價(jià)做出更積極的反應(yīng)。

        B:沒(méi)什么,天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云,對(duì)吧?

        A:事情是這樣的,收到你們的詢價(jià)時(shí),世界市場(chǎng)正受到金融危機(jī)的沖擊,使我們很難發(fā)實(shí)盤。現(xiàn)在,這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴總算過(guò)去了,起碼暫時(shí)過(guò)去了。

        B:當(dāng)然,我理解你的處境,但現(xiàn)在情況好了。我們?yōu)榇硕械礁吲d。我希望你們重新斟酌一下價(jià)格,使之與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)一致。

        A:那么,給我寬容一些時(shí)間,我得和總公司聯(lián)系一下。

        B:那好。聽到信息,請(qǐng)速告我方。

        5.還盤

        A:我們認(rèn)為貴方的價(jià)格太高了。我們最近從別處得到一些報(bào)價(jià),大多每噸都在1 500美元以下。

        B:我認(rèn)為我們的報(bào)價(jià)是合理的。從這張報(bào)價(jià)單上,你可以看出我們的報(bào)價(jià)不是漫天要價(jià)。好吧,讓我聽聽你的還盤吧!

        A:通過(guò)許多計(jì)算,為了友誼起見,我們?cè)敢獬袚?dān)相當(dāng)?shù)穆鋬r(jià)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),給你方還個(gè)價(jià):每噸利物浦到岸1 000美元。

        B:你方還盤太低了。你們應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚:原材料和工人的工資的價(jià)格上漲了許多。1 400美元怎么樣?

        A:好吧,我們接受你方的還盤,這筆買賣以利物浦到岸價(jià)每噸1 400美元成交。

        B:謝謝你方在價(jià)格上做出的讓步。

        6.索取5%的折扣(1)

        A:?jiǎn)?,你們所?bào)的蝴蝶牌縫紉機(jī)比去年138號(hào)幾乎要高10%,以你們這種價(jià)格,在本地市場(chǎng)根本銷不出去。我建議給我們5%的特殊折扣,以便能繼續(xù)我們的業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)。

        B:對(duì)不起,A先生。我們不能把價(jià)格降到你要求的水平。我們的價(jià)格經(jīng)過(guò)了精密的計(jì)算,利潤(rùn)是很小的。通常,對(duì)這種商品,我們是不給折扣的。

        A:我們買這么多的貨,折扣多少還是要給的吧!我們從歐洲出口商那里常得到8%的折扣。

        B:A先生。你真有辦法說(shuō)服我接受你方的條款。好吧,我們破例給你們5%的折扣。

        A:謝謝,我接受2%的折扣?,F(xiàn)在我們就5 000臺(tái)蝴蝶牌縫紉機(jī)達(dá)成協(xié)議:每臺(tái)舊金山到岸價(jià)120美無(wú)。收到信用證后30天裝船。我們立即開出有關(guān)信用證。

        B:很高興,我們成功地達(dá)成了這次交易,但愿這是我們會(huì)后業(yè)務(wù)的一個(gè)良好的開端。

        7.索取折扣(2)

        A:你方的價(jià)格是合理的。但你們能否給一點(diǎn)折扣?你知道,像這樣的商品,我們通常從歐洲供貨商那兒得到百分之二到百分之三的折扣。

        B:我們通常只報(bào)凈價(jià)。我們的許多客戶都在此基礎(chǔ)上生意做得很好!

        A:折扣或多或少能給我們一些鼓勵(lì),能使我們更加努力地推銷貴方的產(chǎn)品。

        B:你們訂的數(shù)量比其他客戶少多了。如果能增加一點(diǎn),我們會(huì)考慮給予適當(dāng)折扣。

        A:作為試購(gòu),這個(gè)數(shù)量絕不算小了。一般來(lái)說(shuō),試購(gòu)總應(yīng)得些利潤(rùn),希望你方能滿足我們的要求。

        B:由于我們這是第一次交易,我們同意作為特殊照顧給你百分之一的折扣。

        A:百分之一?那太少了。能不能想法增加到百分之二。

        B:恐怕不能辦到了。我們確實(shí)已作了很大讓步,無(wú)法再加了。

        B:看來(lái),這是我唯一能接受的條件了。明天我再來(lái)和你們談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。

        B:好吧!明天見。

        8.各讓一半

        A:如果你方價(jià)格優(yōu)惠,我們馬上訂貨。

        B:如果你方訂貨量大,我們可以考慮價(jià)格問(wèn)題。

        A:我們能不能各做一些讓步?

        B:讓我們各讓一半,生意就可成交。

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