Tengwang Pavilion(滕王閣)

Ladies and Gentlemen，

This is the Tengwang Pavilion，one of Jiangxi's best-known scenic spots.It has been ranked the“No.1 Pavilion in the West River”and also ranked first among the three famous pavilions located south of the Yangtze River.It has been experienced a lot of history over the past 1300 years and was rebuilt 28 times.This magnificent pavilion standing before us is the result of the latest 29^th rebuilding effort and was designed by the famous architect Liang Sicheng，who imitated the Song-Dynasty style.The pavilion is 57.5 meters high and covers an area of53 hectares.Its construction area is called“The 9^th Level Heaven”.The Tengwang Pavilion，with all of its primitive magnificence，is taking on a remarkable and wonderful look.

The Tengwang Pavilion was first built in 653 by Li Yuanying，Li Shimin's younger brother and the 22^nd son of the emperor Li Yuan.He didn't achieve his political ambition in his life，but nurtured in a literary imperial family，he was very interested in music，dance and painting.He was well-known as the King of Lechers.When he was the commanderin-chief of Hongzhou(the former Nanchang City)，he always indulged himself in pleasure and made merry among music and dances in his mansion.Then，he got tired of the life in his mansion and decided to build a pavilion for amusement.It has been given his name，“Tengwang”.It is located at the confluence between the Gan River and the Fuhe River.Not only was this a good place to enjoy music and dances，but also the best site to enjoy the beautiful view of the Gan River and the distant stretch of mountains.The pavilion was destroyed and rebuilt 28 times.It has been renowned because of Wang Bo's“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.This literary masterpiece made the pavilion famous.

When approaching the pavilion，we may see that the 12-meter 2-storey basement symbolizes the ancient city wall.In the front of the basementare the foundation stone and Han Yu's notes on the rebuilding of the pavilion.The 89 steps signify that the Pavilion was last rebuilt，for the 29^th time，in 1989.After the steps，we see the first floor.The couplet，“The single wild duck is flying along with the setting sun; one can not tell the color of the autumn waters from that of the sky”is written on the front pillars of the white marble relief sculpture.It tells the story about Wang Bo and his“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.It is said that in 675，Wang Bo was on his way to visit his father.At Madang his ship was blocked by a great head wind.He stopped to visit the place.In front of a temple，he encountered an old man who was the Water God of the Central Plains.He said to him:“Tomorrow will be the Double Ninth Festival.There will be a get-together in the Tengwang Pavilion of Hongzhou.If you go there and write a composition，you will surely be crowned with eternalglory.”Wang Bo asked:“How can Iget there in a night since I am 350 kilometers away from Hongzhou?”The god answered，“I'll help you with a favorable wind and you will get there in time”.In response to the old man's advice，he got on board.Suddenly，the wind changed its direction and sent him to Hongzhou in one night.In Hongzhou，the commander-in-chief was holding a celebration to mark the completion of the Tengwang Pavilion.At the celebration banquet，Wang Bo created the outstanding“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.The relief sculpture depicts the meeting between the Water God and Wang Bo.

Now，let's visit the“Outstanding Figures'Hall”on the 2^nd floor.The front horizontal inscribed board says:“Talented Figures Com-ing Forth in Large Numbers.”Throughout its early history，Jiangxi has had more than its share of talented figures.The hall mural portrays 80 of Jiangxi's major figures from the early Qin Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty.Some of them were not from Jiangxi，but they nonetheless served as officials in the province.The first portrait is of Zhang Daoling，from Zhangshu，who established a Taoist sect on the Dragon and Tiger Mountain.The next portrait is of the pastoral poet，Tao Yuanming.We can then gaze at Wang Anshi，Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong.They are among the 8 great men of letters in the Tang and the Song Dynasties.Then comes Tang Xianzu，“the Oriental Shakespeare”，and the national hero，Wen Tianxiang.

The hall on the 3^rd floor is the ancient banquet hall.It is said that after Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang defeated Chen Youliang at Poyang Lake，he held a greatbanquet here to celebrate his victory.In the hall，we may see the mural“Tang Xianzu is Dreaming of Performing the Peony Palace”.It tells the story about Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei.They battled the feudal conventions and sought their true love.The characters in the painting close their eyes with the blue background，which means they are in the dream.On the back of the mural，there is a bronze relief sculpture，“Tang Kabuki Performance”，reflecting the thriving culture in the Tang Dynasty.

Well，this is the“Rich Land Hall”on the 4^th floor.It displays Jiangxi's rich landscape and history.The largemural in the hall is entitled“The Rich Land”，and it describes the province's beautiful mountains and streams.From left to right，the mountains include Duyu Mountain，which has Mei Pass，the first pass leading to Guangdong Province，grand Sanqing Mountain，magn-ificent Guifeng Mountain，picturesque Poyang Lake，and the Stone Bell Hill.Besides being the birthplace of the Taoism，the Dragon and TigerMountain is famous for its monstrous hills and rocks，precipitous cliffs and valleys.Both the Dragon and Tiger Mountain and Sanqing Mountain were put on the list of nationallevel scenic spots in 1988.The Jinggang Mountain，the cradle of the Chinese Revolution，consists of several different mountains with dense trees，bamboo and plants，as well as magnificent waterfalls，streams and springs.Mt.Lushan is famous not only for its beautiful scenery，but also for the famous poems written by many famous men about it.Li Bai wrote the famous poem:“Down the waterfall cascades a sheer three thousand feet; As if the Silver River were falling from Heaven!”Poyang Lake is China's largest freshwater lake and covers an area of 4000 square kilometers.And Stone Bell Hill is famed for the celebrated poem written by Su Shi about it.Its precipitous cliffs also made it become an important ancient military defense post.

Now，we are on the 5^th floor.From this hall we can look far and wide.In the front of the hall，there is the model of the whole Tengwang Pavilion.If we have a bird's-eye view at it from this angle，it looks like a big rock flying westward.On the front wall there are 16 bronze boards recording Wang Bo's“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.It covers three parts.The first part describes the geographical features and scenic spots in Yuzhang，the second part the banquet and the guests and host，and the last part is his complaint about the bad luck encountered in his official career.Many of its epigrams were collected in the nation's language treasure storehouse and became idioms.There are many ornaments in the composition with outstanding diction.Its back is the lacquer painting“One Hundred Flowers and One Hundred Butterflies”done to honor the memory of Li Yuanying.Though he was a King of Lechers，he was good at painting butterflies and established the“Teng School of Butterfly Painting”.This is an imitation of his work of“Butterflies”.

Here we are on the 9^th floor.We may enjoy the performance in the style of the ancients by Nanchang Song and Dance Troupe here.The dragon wall and the phoenix wall on both sides，together with the dance and music，show the prosperous look of the Tang Dynasty.

Well，you may go and enjoy it yourselves.Thank you for your cooperation.

各位朋友:大家好!我們現(xiàn)在所在的就是江西省著名的旅游風(fēng)景點--滕王閣。滕王閣被譽(yù)為“西江第一樓”，也是江南三大名樓之首。它歷盡一千三百多年滄桑，曾遭廢興28次。矗立在我們眼前的這座四重飛檐、雕梁畫棟、碧瓦丹柱的樓閣是第29次重建的，是由我國著名建筑學(xué)家梁思成先生仿宋代滕王閣設(shè)計的。它高57.5米，占地53公頃，建筑面積15 000平方米，屬明三暗七格局，再加上兩層基座共有九層，所以滕王閣的最高層次又稱為“九重天”。滕王閣背城臨江，坐落在贛江和撫河交匯口上。整個建筑華麗而古樸，呈現(xiàn)出一種“瑰瑋絕特”的氣勢。

滕王閣始建于唐永徽四年(公元653年)，建造者李元嬰是唐高祖李淵的第22個兒子，也是唐太宗李世民的弟弟。他在政治上一生都不得志，但生長在帝王之家的他從小受到宮廷藝術(shù)的熏陶，酷愛音樂、舞蹈、繪畫，是個出名的花花太歲。在他被調(diào)任洪州都督時，帶一班歌舞樂伎，終日在都督府中吹彈歌舞，尋歡作樂。后來他膩煩了在都督府中聽歌賞舞，于是在南昌城西贛江與撫河交匯口上，建一樓閣作為聽歌賞舞的別居，并且以他的封號“滕王”命名。滕王閣背城臨江，地方開闊，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，不僅是一處觀歌賞舞的好地方，更是覽山峰秀色的好去處。滕王閣因初唐四杰之一的王勃所作的《滕王閣序》而聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)，可以說是“文以閣名，閣以文傳”。

走進(jìn)滕王閣，我們可以看到在它的下面有兩層臺基，高12米，象征古城墻，基座正面有奠基石和韓愈為重修滕王閣做的標(biāo)記。在基座上有89級登閣臺階，這是為紀(jì)念1989年第29次重建而設(shè)計的。上完臺階我們來到的便是滕王閣的第一層，第一層正面柱上用不銹鋼制的，“落霞”“秋水”聯(lián)為毛澤東手跡，送給兒媳邵華的。好，我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)到第一層序廳，迎面看到大廳里名為“時來風(fēng)送滕王閣”的漢白玉浮雕，描繪的是王勃當(dāng)年遇中原水神和他寫《滕王閣序》的一段神話故事。傳說675年，王勃往交趾看望其父，經(jīng)過馬當(dāng)，船遇逆風(fēng)三日不得行。于是泊船登岸游覽。在一座廟宇前見一老者(中原水神)，老者對他說:“明日重陽，洪州滕王閣有廟會。若你前去參加，并寫篇文章，一定能名垂千古?！蓖醪f:“這里距洪州六七百里，一夜怎么能趕得到?”中原水神說:“我助你一帆順風(fēng)，你只管上路就是了?！惫煌醪谴螅L(fēng)向改變，帆如展翅，一夜工夫，王勃就到了洪州，趕上了洪州都督為重修滕王閣的落成之宴。并在宴會上留下了千古名篇《滕王閣序》。這幅浮雕表現(xiàn)的就是中原水神與王勃會面的場景。

好，我們現(xiàn)在來到的是二樓“人杰廳”。正面匾額為“俊彩星馳”。江西歷史上人才輩出，在廳中的這幅壁畫中描繪了從先秦到明末江西的八十位名人。這80位名人中并不是每位都出生于江西，有些是在江西為官的。首先我們看到的是張道陵，他是江西樟樹人。東漢末年在龍虎山煉丹修道，創(chuàng)“五斗米”道教，人們尊他為張?zhí)鞄煛４颂庍€有東晉田園詩人陶淵明，唐宋八大家中的王安石，歐陽修，曾鞏以及有“東方莎士比亞”之稱的湯顯祖，民族英雄文天祥等。

來到三樓，這個大廳叫古宴會廳，相傳明太祖朱元璋在鄱陽湖打敗陳友諒后在此大擺酒席慶功。在大廳里我們看到的這幅壁畫叫《湯顯祖夢演牡丹亭》。它所描繪的是杜麗娘與柳夢梅反抗封建禮教，追求愛情自由的故事。大家可以仔細(xì)看一下，在這幅畫中人物的眼睛都是閉著的，整個畫面也呈藍(lán)色的冷色調(diào)，這些都表現(xiàn)了一種夢的意境。在壁畫的反面墻壁上是一幅銅板浮雕《唐伎樂圖》表現(xiàn)盛唐文化藝術(shù)的繁榮景象。

現(xiàn)在我們來到了四樓的地靈廳，這個廳與二樓的人杰廳相呼應(yīng)，表現(xiàn)江西物華天寶，人杰地靈。在廳里的這幅大型壁畫叫《地靈圖》，它所描繪的是江西省“鐘靈毓秀”的山川景色，從左至右分為--大庾嶺梅關(guān)，被譽(yù)為“嶺南第一關(guān)”。這里山勢峻險，峰巒對峙，為歷代兵家必爭之地。逾關(guān)而過的梅嶺古道為古代中原通往嶺南交通要沖。雄奇的三清山，它有玉京、玉虛、玉華三峰，峻峭挺拔，如道教所尊玉清、上清、太清三神列座其巔而得名。呈丹霞地貌的弋陽圭峰和貴溪龍虎山，圭峰瑰麗多姿引人入勝，千姿百態(tài)猶如天然盤景。龍虎山是道教發(fā)源地，整個景區(qū)奇形怪石，峰谷旋回，景色十分優(yōu)美。它和三清山1988年同被列為國家重點風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。井岡山，革命搖籃，峰巒峻拔挺美，飛瀑流泉，茂林修竹。廬山，景色奇美，是一座神仙之廬，歷代文人墨客在這里留下了名篇絕句，使廬山增色不少。如在廬山山南秀峰的瀑前，李白就寫了“飛流直下三千尺，疑是銀河落九天”的名句。再過來就是我國第一大淡水湖--鄱陽湖。鄱陽湖古稱“彭澤”，面積有4000平方千米。再過來就是因蘇軾《石鐘山記》而聞名的石鐘山，全山分上下兩部分，山雖不高，卻懸崖峻拔，有江湖鎖鑰之勢，古往今來均為兵家必爭之地。

現(xiàn)在我們登上了五樓縱覽廳。這一層是縱目遠(yuǎn)眺的最佳層次，也是登高抒懷的好去處。廳的前部是滕王閣的整個景區(qū)的模型，在這里大家可以俯瞰一下滕王閣，看它像不像一支展翅西飛的鯤鵬呢?在廳正面墻壁上，這十六塊銅碑就是王勃的《滕王閣序》，是按《晚香堂帖》中所刻小行書放大制作的。整個序分三部分，第一部分寫豫章地理、風(fēng)光;第二部分寫宴會場面和賓主;第三部分感嘆自己懷才不遇，報國無門。文中的很多佳句已收進(jìn)民族語文寶庫，成為成語，如“老當(dāng)益壯，窮且益堅”，“萍水相逢，高朋滿座”等。全序辭藻華美，對仗工整，首尾照應(yīng)。反面是磨漆畫“百花百蝶圖”，是為紀(jì)念藝術(shù)家李元嬰而制作的。李元嬰雖是位花花太歲，但卻擅長畫蝴蝶，被畫界奉為“滕派蝶畫”，這幅畫是仿其《蝴蝶圖》而作。

現(xiàn)在我們來到了滕王閣的最高層九重天古戲臺，在這里我們可以觀賞到南昌歌舞團(tuán)仿古展演。在這一層兩旁墻壁上的龍墻和鳳壁，以《霓裳羽衣舞》和《破陣樂》為主題表現(xiàn)出大唐盛世歌舞升平、國泰民安的繁榮景象。

好，有關(guān)滕王閣的講解就告此一段落，接下來大家可以自由參觀。謝謝大家合作!