Thomas S.Grimke'，1786—1834，an eminent lawyer and scholar，was born in Charleston，South Carolina，graduated at Yale in 1807，and died of cholera near Columbus，Ohio.He descended from a Huguenot family that was exiled from France by the revocation of the edict of Nantes.He gained considerable reputation as a politician，but is best known as an advocate of peace，Sunday Schools，and the Bible.He was a man of deep feeling，earnest purpose，and pure life.Some of his views were very radical and very peculiar.He proposed sweeping reforms in English orthography［1］，and disapproved of the classics and of pure mathematics in any scheme of general education.The following is an extract from an address delivered at a Sunday-school celebration.

It is but a few years since we beheld the most singular and memorable pageant in the annals of time.It was a pageant more sublime and affecting than the progress of Elizabeth through England after the defeat of the Armada；than the return of Francis I.from a Spanish prison to his own beautiful France；than the daring and rapid march of the conqueror at Austerlitz from Frejus to Paris.It was a pageant，indeed，rivaled only in the elements of the grand and the pathetic，by the journey of our own Washington through the different states.Need I say that I allude to the visit of Lafayette to America？

But Lafayette returned to the land of the dead，rather than of the living.How many who had fought with him in the war of '76，had died in arms，and lay buried in the grave of the soldier or the sailor！How many who had survived the perils of battle，on the land and the ocean，had expired on the deathbed of peace，in the arms of mother，sister，daughter，wife！Those，who survived to celebrate with him the jubilee of 1825，were stricken in years，and hoary-headed；many of them infirm in health；many the victims of poverty，or misfortune，or affliction.And，how venerable that patriotic company；how sublime their gathering through all the land；how joyful their welcome，how affecting their farewell to that beloved stranger！

But the pageant has fled，and the very materials that gave it such depths of interest are rapidly perishing: and a humble，perhaps a nameless grave，shall hold the last soldier of the Revolution.And shall they ever meet again？Shall the patriots and soldiers of '76，the “Immortal Band，”as history styles them，meet again in the amaranthine bowers of spotless purity，of perfect bliss，of eternal glory？Shall theirs be the Christian's heaven，the kingdom of the Redeemer？The heathen points to his fabulous Elysium as the paradise of the soldier and the sage.But the Christian bows down with tears and sighs，for he knows that not many of the patriots，and statesmen，and warriors of Christian lands are the disciples of Jesus.

But we turn from Lafayette，the favorite of the old and the new world，to the peaceful benevolence，the unambitious achievements of Robert Raikes.Let us imagine him to have been still alive，and to have visited our land，to celebrate this day with us.No national ships would have been offered to bear him，a nation's guest，in the pride of the star-spangled banner，from the bright shores of the rising，to the brighter shores of the setting sun.No cannon would have hailed him in the stern language of the battlefield，the fortunate champion of Freedom，in Europe and America.No martial music would have welcomed him in notes of rapture，as they rolled along the Atlantic，and echoed through the valley of the Mississippi.No military procession would have heralded his way through crowded streets，thickset with the banner and the plume，the glittering saber and the polished bayonet.No cities would have called forth beauty and fashion，wealth and rank，to honor him in the ballroom and theater.No states would have escorted him from boundary to boundary，nor have sent their chief magistrate to do him homage.No national liberality would have allotted to him a nobleman's domain and princely treasure.No national gratitude would have hailed him in the capitol itself，the nation's guest，because the nation's benefactor；and have consecrated a battle ship，in memory of his wounds and his gallantry.

Not such would have been the reception of Robert Raikes，in the land of the Pilgrims and of Penn，of the Catholic，the Cavalier，and the Huguenot.And who does not rejoice that it would be impossible thus to welcome this primitive Christian，the founder of Sunday schools？His heralds would be the preachers of the Gospel，and the eminent in piety，benevolence，and zeal.His procession would number in its ranks the messengers of the Cross and the disciples of the Savior，Sunday-school teachers and white-robed scholars.The temples of the Most High would be the scenes of his triumph.Homage and gratitude to him，would be anthems of praise and thanksgiving to God.Parents would honor him as more than a brother；children would reverence him as more than a father.The faltering words of age，the firm and sober voice of manhood，the silvery notes of youth，would bless him as a Christian patron.The wise and the good would acknowledge him everywhere as a national benefactor，as a patriot even to a land of strangers.He would have come a messenger of peace to a land of peace.No images of camps，and sieges，and battles；no agonies of the dying and the wounded；no shouts of victory，or processions of triumph，would mingle with the recollections of the multitude who welcomed him.They would mourn over no common dangers，trials，and calamities；for the road of duty has been to them the path of pleasantness，the way of peace.Their memory of the past would be rich in gratitude to God，and love to man；their enjoyment of the present would be a prelude to heavenly bliss；their prospects of the future，bright and glorious as faith and hope.

Such was the reception of Lafayette，the warrior；such would be that of Robert Raikes，the Howard of the Christian church.And which is the nobler benefactor，patriot，and philanthropist？Mankind may admire and extol Lafayette more than the founder of the Sunday schools；but religion，philanthropy，and enlightened common sense must ever esteem Robert Raikes the superior of Lafayette.His are the virtues，the services，the sacrifices of a more enduring and exalted order of being.His counsels and triumphs belong less to time than to eternity.

The fame of Lafayette is of this world；the glory of Robert Raikes is of the Redeemer's everlasting kingdom.Lafayette lived chiefly for his own age，and chiefly for his and our country；but Robert Raikes has lived for all ages and all countries.Perhaps the historian and biographer may never interweave his name in the tapestry of national or individual renown.But the records of every single church honor him as a patron；the records of the universal Church，on earth as in heaven，bless him as a benefactor.

The time may come when the name of Lafayette will be forgotten；or when the star of his fame，no longer glittering in the zenith，shall be seen，pale and glimmering，on the verge of the horizon.But the name of Robert Raikes shall never be forgotten；and the lambent flame of his glory is that eternal fire which rushed down from heaven to devour the sacrifice of Elijah.Let mortals then admire and imitate Lafayette more than Robert Raikes.But the just made perfect，and the ministering spirits around the throne of God，have welcomed him as a fellow-servant of the same Lord；as a fellow-laborer in the same glorious cause of man's redemption；as a coheir of the same precious promises and eternal rewards.

譯文　TRANSLATION

托馬斯·S·格里姆克是一位著名的律師和學(xué)者，1786年生于南卡羅萊納州查爾斯頓，1807年，畢業(yè)于耶魯大學(xué)，1834年，于俄亥俄州哥倫布市附近死于霍亂。格里姆克真摯、熱誠(chéng)、純真，他的一些見(jiàn)解非常激進(jìn)和獨(dú)特。譬如，他主張全面改革英語(yǔ)正字法及在普通教育階段不講授經(jīng)典名著和純數(shù)學(xué)。

距離上次我們目睹歷史上最瑰瑋、最難忘的游行慶典只短短數(shù)載。那次盛典比擊敗無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)后伊麗莎白女王巡行全英，比弗蘭西斯一世從西班牙監(jiān)獄重返他美麗的法蘭西，比奧斯特里茨戰(zhàn)役后拿破侖從弗雷瑞斯果敢、迅捷地回師巴黎還要莊嚴(yán)，還要撼人心魄。的確，那次盛典之恢宏磅礴之蕩氣回腸只有華盛頓之轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)各州差堪比擬，我有必要說(shuō)出我這是在隱喻拉法葉特的美國(guó)之行嗎？

但拉法葉特回到的與其說(shuō)是生者的國(guó)度不如說(shuō)是死者的家園。多少和他在1776年獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中并肩作戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)友已在炮火中犧牲，長(zhǎng)眠于士兵或水手的墓園！多少在陸地或海上的廝殺中得以生還的幸存者已在和平的床榻上，在母親、姊妹、女兒、妻子的懷抱中溘然而逝！那些在1825年與他一同參加獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)五十周年慶典的幸存者已飽經(jīng)滄桑、皓首華巔；他們中很多人羸弱多病，很多人貧困交加、窮途潦倒。而這群愛(ài)國(guó)者是多么可敬；當(dāng)他們從四面八方聚集而來(lái)，那場(chǎng)面是多么壯烈；他們那么興高采烈地歡迎著這位可愛(ài)的異鄉(xiāng)人，而與他的惜別又是那樣令人唏噓！

但盛大的慶典已結(jié)束，那令人興致盎然的一切正迅速凋零：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)陋的、甚至無(wú)名的墓塋將收留獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中這最后一位士兵。他們將會(huì)重逢嗎？那些愛(ài)國(guó)者和那些獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的士兵，他們同被歷史命名為“不朽者”，他們會(huì)在不朽塔、會(huì)在那無(wú)瑕的純真、完美的至福與永恒的輝煌中相遇嗎？他們的重遇之所將是基督徒的天堂與救世主的王國(guó)嗎？異教徒將極樂(lè)世界視作士兵與圣者的樂(lè)園。但基督徒卻以淚水與嘆息跪拜，因?yàn)樯钪@些愛(ài)國(guó)者、政治家，這些基督教國(guó)家的勇士中很多人并不是耶穌的門(mén)徒。

現(xiàn)在，我們從拉法葉特這位新舊世界的寵兒轉(zhuǎn)向那位平和仁厚、沒(méi)有顯赫成就的羅伯特·雷克斯。讓我們?cè)O(shè)想他在世時(shí)訪問(wèn)我們國(guó)家并和我們一同慶祝這個(gè)日子的情形。我們國(guó)家沒(méi)有為這位以星條旗為傲的國(guó)賓提供艦只，載著他從朝陽(yáng)初升的海濱到落日西沉的沙灘；也沒(méi)有禮炮為他鳴響戰(zhàn)地的鏗鏘，盡管這位幸運(yùn)者曾奔走歐美為自由呼號(hào)；沒(méi)有軍樂(lè)歡迎他，以那響徹大西洋沿岸、回蕩在密西西比河谷的欣悅歡迎他；沒(méi)有儀仗隊(duì)做他的前導(dǎo)，引他走過(guò)人頭攢動(dòng)的街道；沒(méi)有彩旗如潮，羽飾如海；沒(méi)有軍刀耀眼，槍刺奪目；沒(méi)有哪座城市召集名媛士紳在舞廳、劇院歡迎他；沒(méi)有哪個(gè)州陪他走遍全境，更沒(méi)有州長(zhǎng)向他致敬；沒(méi)有頒給他像貴族的領(lǐng)地和王侯般的財(cái)富作為國(guó)禮；也沒(méi)有在國(guó)會(huì)大廈向這位國(guó)賓獻(xiàn)上國(guó)家的敬意；沒(méi)有以哪艘戰(zhàn)艦來(lái)紀(jì)念這位恩人的傷痕與英勇。

羅伯特·雷克斯沒(méi)有得到那樣的禮遇，這清教先驅(qū)者的國(guó)度、這潘恩的國(guó)度、這天主教徒的國(guó)度、這騎士的國(guó)度、這胡格諾教徒的國(guó)度沒(méi)有給羅伯特·雷克斯那樣的禮遇。但誰(shuí)又會(huì)因無(wú)法那樣歡迎這位淳樸的基督徒、主日學(xué)校的創(chuàng)辦人而介懷呢？他的先導(dǎo)是宣講《福音書(shū)》的布道者，是以虔敬、仁厚、熱誠(chéng)著稱(chēng)之人；他的隊(duì)列里都是基督的信使、耶穌的門(mén)徒，是主日學(xué)校的教師與白袍的學(xué)者；至高者的圣殿是他勝利的圖景。敬意與感激歸于他，正如贊美與感恩歸于上帝。

父母?jìng)兙此^(guò)于兄長(zhǎng)；孩子們尊他多于慈父。老者、壯者、少者以或戰(zhàn)抖，或嚴(yán)肅，或清脆的聲音贊他為基督守護(hù)者；智者、善者都以他為國(guó)家的恩人，即使對(duì)陌生人的國(guó)度也充滿摯愛(ài)；對(duì)珍愛(ài)和平的國(guó)度，他是和平的信使；迎候他的人對(duì)他的回憶中沒(méi)有對(duì)壘、沒(méi)有攻擊、沒(méi)有廝殺、沒(méi)有死者與傷者的掙扎、沒(méi)有勝利的歡呼、沒(méi)有慶祝的游行。他們會(huì)為并未休戚相關(guān)的危險(xiǎn)、磨難、災(zāi)禍哀痛，因?yàn)閷?duì)他們而言，責(zé)任之途是喜悅之路、和平之道。他們對(duì)過(guò)往的記憶令他們更感恩上帝，更愛(ài)人；他們對(duì)當(dāng)下的歡愉是天國(guó)至福的序曲；他們對(duì)未來(lái)的展望是璀璨、光明的信念與希望。

作為勇士，拉法葉特得到了他的禮遇；作為基督教會(huì)的保護(hù)者，羅伯特·雷克斯也將得到他的尊崇。他們兩人誰(shuí)是更高貴的恩人、愛(ài)國(guó)者、慈善家？人類(lèi)可能更欽佩、贊頌拉法葉特而不是那位主日學(xué)校的創(chuàng)立者，羅伯特·雷克斯；但宗教、博愛(ài)與開(kāi)明的智慧一定認(rèn)為羅伯特·雷克斯勝過(guò)拉法葉特。他的諸多美德源于更持久、更高貴的存在秩序，他亦為之奉獻(xiàn)、犧牲；他的訓(xùn)諭與業(yè)績(jī)是永恒的，不會(huì)為時(shí)間磨蝕。

拉法葉特的聲名屬于此世；而羅伯特·雷克斯的榮光則屬于耶穌永恒的天國(guó)。拉法葉特主要為他的時(shí)代而活，為他的和我們的國(guó)家而活；而羅伯特·而雷克斯為千秋萬(wàn)邦而活，也許歷史學(xué)家和傳記作家永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)把他的名字織入國(guó)家或個(gè)人貴顯的掛毯，但每個(gè)教堂都會(huì)尊他為保護(hù)人，在人間一如在天國(guó)，普世的教會(huì)都將敬他為恩人。

某一天，拉法葉特的名字將被忘記，他聲望之星將不再閃耀于天極，而變得黯淡、微弱，落向天際。但羅伯特·雷克斯的名字卻永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被遺忘，他的榮光是永恒之火，溫柔而光明，永享以利亞的祭奠。讓凡人們?nèi)ジ嗟貧J佩和效仿拉法葉特吧，但完美的義人、上帝座前的守護(hù)天使們會(huì)歡迎羅伯特·雷克斯，把他視作與他們一樣的侍奉上帝的仆人——他們共同為完成人類(lèi)救贖這一壯麗事業(yè)而勞作；他們承繼著同一個(gè)珍貴的期望與永恒的酬報(bào)。