(二)自然災(zāi)害專題傳譯練習(xí)

1．請完整聽一遍短文

Remarks at the Ministerial Meeting on Reducing Disaster Risks in a Changing Climate

Ladies and gentlemen，

I am pleased to welcome all of you to this meeting．

Climate change is the defining issue of our era．Natural hazards are a perennial concern．This discussion brings the two issues together，and with good reason:Better disaster risk reduction will also help us adapt to climate change．

Almost every day brings reports of serious damage and loss of life during a storm，flood，drought or other natural hazard．In the last few weeks alone，we have seen massive flooding in northern India and extensive damage from tropical storms Gustav，Hanna and Ike in the Gulf of Mexico．Millions of people have been affected．

Climate change will make matters worse．Without concerted action，we could see natural catastrophes on an unprecedented scale，which could even become threats to international security and inter-state relations．But such dire scenarios need not come to pass．Prudent policies and well-informed community action can save lives and avert damage．

For example，death rates from floods and droughts plummeted worldwide in the 20th century as a result of improved systems for river management，early warning and evacuation，and food security．

Wise land-use planning and the enforcement of sound building codes have also reduced impacts and costs．These are practical and cost-effective everyday solutions．

Unfortunately，no matter how much we do in the next few years to control greenhouse gas emissions—and we must do a lot—the global climate will continue to change．More extreme weather is in store:more heat waves，droughts and water shortages;more intense rainfalls，flooding and landslides．

Such changes have started already．The frequency of disasters caused by floods and storms has risen steadily in recent years．The average annual price tag—more than 80 billion dollars—makes this the largest source of disaster costs．It is more urgent than ever to step up our preparations．

The good news is that a natural hazard does not automatically have to lead to a disaster．Countries such as Bangladesh，Cuba，Jamaica，Madagascar and the Philippines have shown that good building designs，proper land-use planning，public education，community preparedness and effective early warning systems can reduce the impact of severe weather events．

Indeed，a large body of successful experience in reducing disaster risks offers important tools and lessons for our efforts to adapt to climate change．

Risk reduction not only saves lives，it is also less expensive than responding to a disaster．Estimates suggest that incorporating comprehensive disaster protection into new health facilities and schools would add only 4 percent to their cost．

A number of countries have reduced the impact of disasters by investing in measures such as flood control，hurricane-proof building design，and protection of coastal ecosystems，including mangroves and coral reefs．I hope to hear more about suchexperiences from you today．

I call on you to lead the way in championing disaster risk reduction as a core element of climate change adaptation．I also urge you to implement the policies and practices of disaster risk reduction as a first line defence in adapting to climate change．These are important investments in the protection of your people．

I assure you of my strong commitment to this effort，and I look forward to working with you in response to this quintessential global challenge．

Thank you very much．

(摘自潘基文2008年10月10日發(fā)表的國際減災(zāi)日致辭)

2．聽錄音，在停頓處開始傳譯

　Climate change is the defining issue of our era．Natural hazards are a perennial concern．This discussion brings the two issues together，and with good reason: Better disaster risk reduction will also help us adapt to climate change．

　Climate change will make matters worse．Without concerted action，we could see natural catastrophes on an unprecedented scale，which could even become threats to international security and inter-state relations．But such dire scenarios need not come to pass．Prudent policies and well-informed community action can save lives and avert damage．

　Unfortunately，no matter how much we do in the next few years to control greenhouse gas emissions—and we must do a lot—the global climate will continue to change．More extreme weather is in store:more heat waves，droughts and water shortages;more intense rainfalls，flooding and landslides．

　Risk reduction not only saves lives，it is also less expensive than responding to a disaster．Estimates suggest that incorporating comprehensive disaster protection into new health facilities and schools would add only 4 percent to their cost．

　A number of countries have reduced the impact of disasters by investing in measures such as flood control，hurricane-proof building design，and protection of coastal ecosystems，including mangroves and coral reefs．I hope to hear more about such experiences from you today．

3．答題要點(diǎn)

　熟悉文本類型和相關(guān)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，加強(qiáng)對源語文本的理解。該篇發(fā)言為紀(jì)念講話，屬演講文本類型。其對象明確(受過一定層次教育的聽眾)，主旨突出(呼吁各國加強(qiáng)合作，加大投資，減少自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn))，思路清晰(文本開始——提出會(huì)議的議題:氣候變化和減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，文本發(fā)展——減少自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的迫切性及人們所作出的努力，文本結(jié)尾——各國應(yīng)通力合作，制定切實(shí)可行的政策，減低災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn))，句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡單，語言易于理解。

　掌握與國際減災(zāi)日相關(guān)的知識與術(shù)語表達(dá)，如climate change(氣候變化)，disaster risk reduction(減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn))，greenhouse gas emissions(溫室氣體排放)，extreme weather(極端天氣)，heat waves(熱浪)，water shortages(水資源缺乏)，intense rainfalls(強(qiáng)降雨)，landslides(山體滑坡)，flood control(防洪工程)，hurricane-proof building(抗風(fēng)建筑)，coastal ecosystems(海岸生態(tài)系統(tǒng))等。

　傳譯時(shí)，語音應(yīng)清晰，語調(diào)應(yīng)自然，表達(dá)應(yīng)流暢，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)控制聲音質(zhì)量，不要過尖、過高或過于低沉。

4．參考答案

氣候變化和減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)部長級會(huì)議致辭

女士們，先生們:

歡迎大家參加此次大會(huì)。

氣候變化是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最為緊迫的問題，而自然災(zāi)害則是我們長期關(guān)注的問題。今天我們把這兩個(gè)問題放到一起討論不是沒有道理的:降低災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將有助于我們應(yīng)對氣候變化。

我們幾乎每天都可以聽到有關(guān)暴雨、洪水、旱災(zāi)及其他自然災(zāi)害造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失及人員傷亡的報(bào)道。就在過去的幾周，印度北部的大洪水及墨西哥灣的古斯塔夫、漢娜及艾克颶風(fēng)使得成千上萬的人受到影響。

而氣候變化將使事情變得更糟。如果我們不聯(lián)合起來采取行動(dòng)，這些自然災(zāi)害將變得空前嚴(yán)重，甚至?xí){到國際安全及國際關(guān)系。但這些可怕的景象其實(shí)是可以避免的。如果我們制定審慎的政策并互相之間加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，共同協(xié)作，就可以挽救許多生命，避免造成損失。

比如，在20世紀(jì)，對河流的綜合治理、提前預(yù)警、及時(shí)疏散，以及食品保障等措施已經(jīng)使得世界范圍內(nèi)洪災(zāi)及旱災(zāi)造成的死亡率大大降低。

合理的土地規(guī)劃及加強(qiáng)建筑物的穩(wěn)固性也大大降低了災(zāi)害造成的影響及損失。這些都是有效降低成本的切實(shí)可行的方法。

但不幸的是，無論在未來的幾年里我們?nèi)绾闻Φ乜刂茰厥覛怏w排放(當(dāng)然，我們依然要盡最大努力)，全球氣候都將繼續(xù)變暖。而且還將有更多的極端天氣:如更持久的熱浪、旱災(zāi)及水資源缺乏，以及更為嚴(yán)重的強(qiáng)降雨、洪水及山體滑坡。

這些變化已經(jīng)開始。洪災(zāi)及暴雨的頻率在最近幾年里一直在逐步上升。每年的平均花費(fèi)高達(dá)800多億美元，這使得洪災(zāi)及暴雨成為代價(jià)最為慘重的自然災(zāi)害。因此現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要做好準(zhǔn)備。

但也有好的消息。自然災(zāi)害并不總是會(huì)造成災(zāi)難。在孟加拉國、古巴、牙買加、馬達(dá)加斯加以及菲律賓等國家，情況已經(jīng)表明，良好的建筑設(shè)計(jì)、合理的土地規(guī)劃、普及的公共教育、社會(huì)的應(yīng)急措施及有效的早期預(yù)警都可以降低嚴(yán)重氣候事件造成的損失。

事實(shí)上，大量成功減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的例子為我們應(yīng)對氣候變化提供了非常重要的工具和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

減少災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不僅可以挽救生命，而且可以降低應(yīng)對災(zāi)害的成本。據(jù)估計(jì)，修建健康設(shè)施及學(xué)校時(shí)把綜合的災(zāi)害防御措施考慮在內(nèi)只會(huì)增加4%的成本。

許多國家投資防洪工程、抗風(fēng)建筑設(shè)計(jì)及沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)，包括紅樹林及珊瑚礁等，已大大降低了災(zāi)害帶來的影響。我希望以后能聽到更多的諸如此類的消息。

我呼吁大家把減災(zāi)作為應(yīng)對氣候變化的一個(gè)核心問題，把制定相應(yīng)的減災(zāi)政策并付諸實(shí)踐作為應(yīng)對氣候變化的第一道防線。這些都是為了保護(hù)自己的人民而進(jìn)行的至關(guān)重要的投資。

請大家相信，我會(huì)努力不怠，并希望與大家通力合作來應(yīng)對這一艱巨的全球挑戰(zhàn)。

謝謝大家!