第四節(jié)細節(jié)題綜合練習

（1）

Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from everyman who hears these words.Some feel pride when they receive the news，while others worry，wondering whether they will be good father.Although there are some men who like children and may have considerable experience with them，others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them.Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time.For other couples，pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

1.According to the author，being a father＿＿＿＿.

A.brings a feeling of excitement to some men

B.has a different meaning for those who have daughters

C.make some men feel proud and others uneasy

D.means nothing but more responsibilities

（2）

That’s a good thing，because even prodigies must work hard.Next to hard work，biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy.J.S.Bach，for example，was the top of several generations of musicians，and four of his sons had significant careers in music.

2.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage？

A.A natural gift.　　　　 B.Extensive knowledge of music.

C.Very early training.　　D.A prejudice- free society.

（3）

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chester town，Maryland，decided to find out whether，as many smokers say，smoking helps them to“think and concentrate”.Spilich put young non-smokers，active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.

3.The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is＿＿＿＿.

A.to testwhether smoking has a positive effecton themental capacity of smokers

B.to show how smoking damages people’s mental capacity

C.to prove that smoking affects people’s regular performance

D.to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory

（4）

Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult，and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user-friendly”.Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen.What does the phrase“l(fā)earning to use a computer”mean？It sounds like“l(fā)earning to drive a car”，that is，it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that，once acquired，enable one to use a computer.

4.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because＿＿＿＿.

A.programs are becoming less complicated

B.programs are designed to be convenient to users

C.programming is becoming easier and easier

D.programs are becoming readily available to computer users

（5）

It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity（多樣化）is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.Here at the College Fund，we have a lot of contact with top corporate（公司的）leaders；none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity.In fact，they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place，diversity is an imperative.They also say that the need for talented，skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting，corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities，more women and more immigrants.Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society，they will not have the engineers，the scientists，the lawyers，or the business managers they will need.

5.High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to＿＿＿＿.

A.lower the rate of unemployment

B.win equal political rights forminorities

C.be competitive in the world market

D.satisfy the demands of a growing population

（6）

The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草蓋的）roof cottages around a church；a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white；the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings—these are still common sights in parts of England.Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.

6.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside？

A.Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.

B.Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.

C.Cottages with thatched roofs.

D.Churches with cottages around them.

（7）

Thatching is a solitary（獨自的）craft，which often runs in families.The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages.Over 800 full time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today，maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.

7.What do we know about thatching as a craft？

A.It is a collective activity.

B.It is practised on farms all over England.

C.It is quite different from what it used to be.

D.It is in most cases handed down among family members.

（8）

A contrast is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly.Because business is competitive，many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government，even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.Many Americans believe，then，that competition is as important，or even more important，that democracy in preserving freedom.

8.Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by＿＿＿＿.

A.its absolute control of power

B.its function in preserving personal freedom

C.its role in protecting basic American values

D.its democratic way of exercising leadership

（9）

Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than design.While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates，Brazil has had better result without really trying，says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990，and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average.Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990，an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

9.According to the passage，many Third World countries＿＿＿＿.

A.haven’t attached much importance to birth control

B.would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate

C.haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population

D.neglected the role of TV plays in family planning

（10）

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won，disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team.A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams.Each match lasted an hour，divided into three periods of 20minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees’errors，of which there were 61 over the tournament.Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes，each referee made almost 23 mistakes，a remarkably high number.

10.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was________.

A.slightly above average

B.higher than in the 1998World Cup

C.quite unexpected

D.as high as in a standard match

答案和詳解

1.C.細節(jié)題。可套用公式正確答案≈原文中含有題干關(guān)鍵詞的一句話。題干關(guān)鍵詞“being a father”是原文第一句中的“Fatherhood”的同義表達，據(jù)此可以判斷本題在原文中的出處——該段第一句。根據(jù)該句可知：不同的人聽到要當父親這一消息時會有不同的反應(yīng)。而該段第二句“Some feel pride when they receive the news，while others worry，wondering whether they will be good father”是對這一句的具體解釋，也正是答案所在。據(jù)此可在答案選項中尋找相似的表達，因此可知，正確答案C選項表達了兩種不同的反應(yīng)：一些人覺得自豪，另一些人有所擔憂。proud是原文中pride的形容詞形式；uneasy是原文中worry的近義表達。

2.A.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“the emergence of musical prodigies”可以迅速找到本題在原文中的出處：該段第二句“Next to hard work，biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy”.去掉和題干關(guān)鍵詞意思相同的the making of a prodigy后，這句所剩的部分便是答案所在。據(jù)此可以在答案選項中尋找相似的表達。正確答案A選項“A natural gift”（天賦）與原句中的“biological inheritance”（生理遺傳）同義。此外，還應(yīng)清楚題干中出現(xiàn)的“contribute to”和原句中的“play an important role in”都表示“對……有影響”的意思，要及時積累這種常見的同義表達。

3.A.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干中非常有提示作用的人名“George Spilich”可以迅速找到本題在原文中的出處：該段第一句：Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chester town，Maryland，decided to find out whether，as many smokers say，smoking helps them to“think and concentrate.”這句話的主語部分很長，但都是對實驗者的介紹，與答案無關(guān)，謂語decided to find out之后的部分才是答案所在。分析這部分可知：實驗者是想證實一下吸煙是否像吸煙者所說的那樣可以幫助他們增強思維能力和集中注意力，所以A選項是正確答案。

4.B.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干可以找到本題在原文中的出處——該段第一句Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult，and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user-friendly”.去掉和題干表達相同的部分后所剩的as programs become more“user-friendly”就是答案所在，as表示原因。所謂計算機對用戶很友好就意味著用戶使用起計算機來覺得很方便，因此，B是正確答案。

5.C.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干中最有提示作用的主語“High corporate leaders”可以找到它在原文中的同義詞“top corporate（公司的）leaders”。原文中該詞之后的“none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity”表達了與題干相同的含義：他們中沒有人會排除可以帶來多樣性（diversity）的設(shè)備，即他們是贊成促進多樣性的。真正的答案出現(xiàn)在該段第四句“if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place，diversity is an imperative”.由此可見：他們促進多樣性的目的是在國際市場上變得有競爭力。因此，C選項是正確答案。competitive是原句中的compete的同根形容詞；global和world是同義詞。

6.C.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。題干中帶有國名的“the English countryside”應(yīng)該是最有提示意義的部分，據(jù)此可以找到本題在原文中的出處——第一段最后一句“Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”.這句中的“an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”是題干的相似表達，意思是：英國鄉(xiāng)村風景是吸引游人的關(guān)鍵因素。因此，這句話中的“thatched roof”（茅草屋頂）就是英國鄉(xiāng)村風景的獨特之處。答案選項中只有C選項涉及了這一特色，所以C是正確答案。

7.D.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thatching as a craft”可以迅速找到本題在原文中的出處：第三段第一句“Thatching is a solitary（孤立性的）craft，which often runs in families”.去掉和題干相同部分后，該句所剩的定語從句就是答案D。

8.A.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。本題的關(guān)鍵是理解題干關(guān)鍵詞“Government is believed to differ strikingly from business”所表達的含義是：政府和企業(yè)的截然不同。在此基礎(chǔ)上可以找到本題在原文中的出處——該段第一句“A contrast is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly”.在這句話中，contrast一詞對比了政府和企業(yè)的不同，而定語從句“which is a monopoly”則表達了政府做法的特征：集權(quán)性。因此，不難判斷A是正確答案。

9.C.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干中最有提示作用的大寫的專有名詞“Third World countries”可以迅速找到本題在原文中的出處——第二段最后一句“Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990，an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries”.正確理解這句話是答題的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)原文可知巴西人口增長的速度逐年降低，這是讓很多第三世界國家嫉妒的成就。根據(jù)常識可推斷巴西以外的好多第三世界國家在控制人口增長方面做得不夠理想。由此可見C是最貼切的選項。

10.C.細節(jié)題。公式同第1題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“refereeing errors”可以找到本題在原文中的出處——第三段第一句。但是，這句話只給出了一個具體的數(shù)字，不足以作為答題的依據(jù)。因此，再往后看就會發(fā)現(xiàn)接下來的這句“Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes，each referee made almost 23 mistakes，a remarkably high number”是對前一句的補充解釋。去掉具體數(shù)字后所剩的概括評論“a remarkably high number”就是答案所在。remarkably一詞用在此處旨在表明這個數(shù)字出人意料，因此C是正確答案。