一、戲曲名的翻譯

1．意譯

◆ 話說眾人看演《荊釵記》，寶玉和姐妹一處坐著。林黛玉因看到《男祭》這一出上，便和寶釵說道：“這王十朋也不通的很，不管在那里祭一祭罷了，必定跑到江邊子上來作什么!俗語說，‘睹物思人’，天下的水總歸一源，不拘那里的水舀一碗看著哭去，也就盡情了。”(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第四十四回)

Baoyu was sitting with the girls as everybody watched The Tale of the Thorn Pin．When it came to the scene in which the hero sacrifices to his drowned wife，Daiyu remarked to Baochai：

“What a fool this Wang Shipeng is!Surely he could offer a sacrifice anywhere．Why must he rush off to kneel beside the river?The proverb says： Things have their associations．But water the whole world over in the last analysis comes from the same source．He could have ladled out a bowl of water anywhere and wept over it to work off his feelings．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《荊釵記》：南戲劇本，元·柯丹丘作。該劇描寫南宋時(shí)王十朋和錢玉蓮夫妻悲歡離合的故事，其《祭江》、《見母》兩出，膾炙人口，至今仍上演不衰。

《男祭》：即南戲《荊釵記》第35出《時(shí)祀》。

◆ 一個(gè)穿花衣的末腳拿著一本戲目走上來，打了搶跪，說道：“請老爺先賞兩出!”萬中書讓過了高翰林、施御史，就點(diǎn)了一出《請宴》，一出《餞別》，施御史又點(diǎn)了一出《五臺(tái)》;高翰林又點(diǎn)了一出《追信》。(吳敬梓《儒林外史》第四十九回)

A small-role actor in bright clothes came in with a list of plays．He walked forward and knelt on one knee．

“Please choose a few scenes，sir，”he said．

Wan tried ineffectively to persuade Mr．Kao and Censor Shih to choose first，then selected“An Invitation to a Feast”and“The Farewell．”Shihchose“Brothers Meet on Mount Wu Tai，”and Kao“The Pursuit of Han Hsin．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 至上酒席時(shí)，賈母又命寶釵點(diǎn)。寶釵點(diǎn)了一出《魯智深醉鬧五臺(tái)山》。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二十二回)

When the feast was ready the Lady Dowager told Baochai to select another opera，and she asked for The Drunk Monk．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《魯智深醉鬧五臺(tái)山》：清初昆曲折子戲，通名《山門》或《醉打山門》，出自明清之際戲曲家丘園(一說朱佐朝)《虎囊彈》一劇。

◆ 林黛玉道：“安靜看戲罷，還沒唱《山門》，你倒《妝瘋》了?！闭f的湘云也笑了。于是大家看戲。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二十二回)

“Do be quiet and watch，”said Daiyu．“Before we've seen the The Drunk Monk you're playing The General Feigns Madness．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《山門》又名《魯智深醉打五臺(tái)山》或《醉打山門》，亦稱《三門》。是清初朱佐朝所作《虎囊彈》傳奇中的一出。說魯智深在打死惡霸鄭屠之后，為避禍到五臺(tái)山出家，喝醉了酒，打壞了寺院和僧人，被師傅智真長老遣送到東京大相國寺的故事。

《妝瘋》：昆曲折子戲，為《綴白裘》中《北詐》(即北曲《詐瘋》)。

◆ 于是忽而想到趙太爺?shù)耐L(fēng)，而現(xiàn)在是他的兒子了，便自己也漸漸的得意起來，爬起身，唱著《小孤孀上墳》到酒店去。(魯迅《阿Q正傳》)

And then the thought of the prestige of Mr．Zhao，who was now his son，gradually raised his spirits．He scrambled up and made his way to the tavern singing The Young Widow at Her Husband's Grave．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ (賈母)指湘云道：“我象他這么大的時(shí)節(jié)，他爺爺有一班小戲，偏有一個(gè)彈琴的湊了來，即如《西廂記》的《聽琴》，《玉簪記》的《琴挑》，《續(xù)琵琶》的《胡笳十八拍》，竟成了真的了，比這個(gè)更如何?”眾人都道：“這更難得了?！辟Z母便命個(gè)媳婦來，吩咐文官等叫他們吹一套《燈月圓》。媳婦領(lǐng)命而去。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十四回)

Pointing at Xiangyun she added，“When I was her age，her grandfather had an opera troupe in which someone performed real lyre music when they played‘Listening to the Lyre’from The Western Chamber，‘Seduction by the Lyre’in The Romance of the Jade Hairpin and‘Eighteen Songs to the Hun-nish Pipe’in The Lute Player's Return．What do you think of that?”

All admitted that such a thing was even rarer．Then the old lady told servants to order Wenguan and her troupe to play with lute and flute Full Moon at the Lantern Festival，and they went off to carry out her instructions．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

*The Romance of the Jade Hairpin：By the Ming playwright Gao Lian．

*The Lute Player's Return：By Gao Lian，Gao Xueqin's grandfather．

【注】《聽琴》：傳統(tǒng)昆曲折子戲。原為王實(shí)甫《西廂記》中的一折。昆曲演出本大都源于明李日華的改編本《南西廂記》?！秾簟罚骸赌档ねぁ返?2出?！队耵⒂洝罚好鞲咤懙膫髌鎰”荆鑼懩峁藐惷畛[脫宗教羈絆，嫁給書生潘必正的故事?！肚偬簟肥窃搫〉谑?，原名《奇弄》，舞臺(tái)演出本稱《琴挑》，敘潘陳二人借琴傳情事?！独m(xù)琵琶》：是曹雪芹祖父曹寅寫的傳奇。寫漢末蔡邕的女兒蔡文姬，被南匈奴掠走，后為曹操設(shè)法贖歸，夫妻得以團(tuán)圓。劇中《制拍》一出表現(xiàn)出蔡文姬寫作《胡笳十八拍》，以傾訴自己一生的不幸遭遇。(張俊等，1987：886)

2．直譯

◆ 少時(shí)，太監(jiān)出來，只點(diǎn)了四出戲：第一出，《豪宴》;第二出，《乞巧》;第三出，《仙緣》;第四出，《離魂》。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第十八回)

Presently four pieces were chosen：“The Sumptuous Banquet，”“The Double Seventh Festival，”“Meeting the Immortals”and“The Departure of the Soul．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

※The Sumptuous Banquet：from A Handful of Snow by the Ming playwright Li Yu．

※The Double Seventh Festival：from the Palace of Eternal Youth by the early Qing playwirhgt Hong Sheng．

※Meeting the Immortals：from The Dream at Handan by the Ming palywirght Tang Xianzu．

※The Departure of the Soul：from The Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu．

【注】《離魂》：湯顯祖《牡丹亭》第20出《鬧殤》。湯顯祖(1550—1616年)，今江西撫州人。其著述豐富，除詩文外，最重要的成就就是他的戲曲創(chuàng)作。他平生寫過五部傳奇，處女作是《紫簫記》，與友人合作，且未完成。另外四部是《紫釵記》、《牡丹亭》、《還魂記》、《南柯記》、《邯鄲記》，合稱《臨川四夢》(《玉茗堂四夢》)?！赌档ねぁ吩凇杜R床四夢》中成就最高。作者自己也說：“一生四夢，得意處惟在《牡丹》?！?/p>

《牡丹亭》劇情介紹：南安郡太守杜寶的女兒杜麗娘，耐不住讀經(jīng)的枯燥，在丫鬟春香陪伴下，到花園游玩。姹紫嫣紅、群鳥爭喧的浪漫春光，突然使她感悟到青春的美好和短暫，引起無限傷感。一時(shí)間精神困倦，矇眬睡去。夢中見一翩翩書生，手執(zhí)柳枝與她幽會(huì)。醒來悵然，追思不已。再度尋夢，不見伊人。麗娘相思染病，臨終前描下真容，題詩在上，埋于花園太湖石下。不久，麗娘香消玉殞，葬于牡丹亭邊，建起梅花庵。三年后，廣州書生柳夢梅赴京趕考，拾到麗娘的真容畫像，竟和夢中所見女子一模一樣。夢梅焚香拜畫。入夜，麗娘竟從畫上走下。夢梅遵麗娘之囑，掘墓開棺，麗娘竟得復(fù)生。二人結(jié)為夫妻，同赴臨安應(yīng)考，又至揚(yáng)州尋父。杜寶將柳夢梅當(dāng)成掘墓之賊，痛打關(guān)押，也不信麗娘復(fù)生。后經(jīng)反復(fù)驗(yàn)證，才信此事。最后，皇帝出面方得圓滿解決。

《乞巧》：即洪升《長生殿》傳奇第22出《密誓》?！堕L生殿》劇情介紹：唐明皇(685—762年，712—756年在位)心愛的寵妃楊玉環(huán)，不但嬌羞動(dòng)人，更嫻熟音律，入宮即得三千寵愛于一身。玉環(huán)不僅得寵，楊氏一門也盡得提拔。兄長楊國忠位列丞相，卻窮奢極欲納賄專權(quán)。神仙嫦娥知明皇通識樂理，將夢中的玉環(huán)召喚至月宮，傳授她“霓裳羽衣”仙樂。玉環(huán)依照夢中記憶譜曲，與明皇合制了傳世之作《霓裳羽衣曲》。玉環(huán)嗜食荔枝，明皇特命從中國南方以快馬進(jìn)獻(xiàn)，遞送的驛吏踏毀了無數(shù)百姓的良田，民怨四起。

七夕之夜，玉環(huán)與明皇相攜盟誓，銀河上，牛郎織女也見證了他們的愛情。而大唐宮中的甜蜜時(shí)光卻因一場暴亂而成鏡花水月。面對暴亂，明皇亦挽救不了玉環(huán)的命運(yùn)。平亂后，明皇命人用檀木塑了玉環(huán)的座像，將思念與懺悔之情賦予塑像。死后的玉環(huán)，不但受到了土地神的眷顧，而且受到織女的同情，助其重新列入仙班。在嫦娥、織女等眾神的幫助下，二人終于在中秋夜月宮重圓，永不分離。

《仙緣》：湯顯祖《邯鄲記》傳奇第22出《合仙》。

《豪宴》：明末李玉《一捧雪》傳奇第5出。

◆ 車過去了，還得跟著，他現(xiàn)在沒什么表現(xiàn)，焉知道他到單牌樓不緩過氣來而高唱幾句《四郎探母》呢?(老舍《駱駝祥子》)

The chart passed，but everyone pressed on behind．He was silent now，but what if he were suddenly to sing out a few lines from“Silang Visits His Mother”when he reached the single archway?(施曉菁譯)

◆ 那一日正當(dāng)三月中浣，早飯后，寶玉攜了一套《會(huì)真記》，走到沁芳閘橋邊桃花底下一塊石上坐著，展開《會(huì)真記》，從頭細(xì)玩。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二十三回)

One day，about the middle of the third month，carrying a copy of The Western Chamber he strolled after breakfast across the bridge above Seeping Fragrance Lock．There he sat down on a rock to read under a blossoming peachtree．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《會(huì)真記》系唐元稹所作傳奇小說，又名《崔鶯鶯傳》。會(huì)真：與仙真相會(huì)的意思。相傳張生即元稹的托名，自述其經(jīng)歷之事。后來金元人的《西廂記》故事，都取材于此。這里指元王實(shí)甫的雜劇《西廂記》(張俊等，1987：286-287)

◆ 賈珍一時(shí)來回：“神前拈了戲，頭一本《白蛇記》。”賈母問“《白蛇記》是什么故事?”賈珍道：“是漢高祖斬蛇方起首的故事。第二本是《滿床笏》?！辟Z母笑道：“這倒是第二本上?也罷了。神佛要這樣，也只得罷了。”又問第三本，賈珍道：“第三本是《南柯夢》?！辟Z母聽了便不言語。賈珍退了下來，至外邊預(yù)備著申表、焚錢糧、開戲，不在話下。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二十九回)

Presently Jia Zhen came to report that lots had been drawn before the shrine for the operas，and the first was to be The White Serpent．

“What's the story?”asked the old lady．

“It's about the First Emperor of Han who killed a serpent，then founded the dynasty．The second is Every Son a High Minister．”

“So that's the second?”The Lady Dowager nodded，smiling．“Well，if this is the wish of the gods，what must be must be．And what's the third?”

“The Dream of the Southern Tributary State．”

At this she made no comment．Jia Zhen withdrew to prepare the written prayers，burn incense and order the actors to start．But no more of this．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

*Every Son a High Minister：A story about Guo Ziyi of the Tang Dynasty．

*The Dream of the Southern Tributary State：Based on a Tang story in which a scholar had a dream of great wealth and splendour;then he woke up and found it was just an empty dream．

【注】《白蛇記》：明代無名氏弋陽腔劇本，演劉邦斬白蛇起義故事。

清初范希哲作《滿床笏》傳奇，又稱《十醋記》。川劇、漢劇、徽劇、秦腔、豫劇、晉劇、河北梆子、滇劇等劇種《打金枝》，即出于《滿床笏》。

“焚錢糧”：用金、銀箔紙疊成元寶等物，祭神時(shí)焚燒，叫“焚錢糧”。

◆ 寶釵推讓一遍，無法，只得點(diǎn)了一折《西游記》。賈母自是喜歡，然后便命鳳姐點(diǎn)。鳳姐亦知賈母喜熱鬧，更喜謔笑科諢，便點(diǎn)了一出《劉二當(dāng)衣》。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二十二回)

The Lady Dowager called on Baochai to name her choice．The girl declined the honor at first but finally，to the old lady's delight，named a scene from Pilgrimage to the West．Next，Xifeng was ordered to take her pick．And knowing the old lady's liking for lively plays，especially comedies and burlesques，she pleased her even more by selecting Liu Er Pawns His Clothes．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《劉二當(dāng)衣》：弋陽腔劇目。自明傳奇《裴度還帶記》(沈采著)第13出《劉二勒債》改編。

◆ 鳳姐兒立起身來答應(yīng)了一聲，方接過戲單，從頭一看，點(diǎn)了一出《還魂》。一出《彈詞》，遞過戲單去說：“現(xiàn)在唱的這《雙官誥》，唱完了，再唱這兩出，也就是時(shí)候了?！?曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第十一回》

Xifeng rose to signify obedience．Taking the list she read through it and marked The Resurrection and The Rhapsody．Handing it back she observed，“When they've finished this Double Promotion there'll be just time enough for these two．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

*The Resurrection：A scene from The Peony Pavilion，by the Ming playwright Tang Xianzu．

*The Rhapsody：A scene from The Palace Youth，by the Qing play-wright Hong Sheng．

*Double Promotion：A popular opera chosen for its auspicious title．

【注】《還魂》：湯顯祖《牡丹亭》第35出，亦名《回生》。

《彈詞》：洪升《長生殿》第38出。演唐明皇與楊貴妃的愛情故事。

《雙官誥》：傳奇名，清陳二白撰。今京劇、川劇、湘劇、漢劇、晉劇等有《三娘教子》，均由此而來。

◆ 賈薔忙答應(yīng)了，因命齡官作《游園》、《驚夢》二曲。齡官自為此二曲原非本角之戲，執(zhí)意不作，定要作《相約》、《相罵》二出。賈薔扭他不過，只得依他作了。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第十八回)

Jia Qiang hastily agreed and suggested“A Visit to the Garden”and“The Dream”．But since neither formed part of her repertoire，Lingguan insisted“The Pledge”and“The Quarrel”instead．And Jia Qiang had to let her have her way．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

The Dream：Two more scenes from The Peony Pavilion．

The Quarrel：Scenes from The Hairpin and the Bracelet by a Ming playwright by the pseudonym of Mater of the Moon Pavilion．

【注】《游園》、《驚夢》：即湯顯祖《牡丹亭》第十出《驚夢》。昆曲演出本分為兩出，前半為《游園》，后為《驚夢》。

《相罵》：明傳奇《金釵記》第13出?！断嗉s》：明傳奇《金釵記》第8出。

◆ 他的思想仿佛風(fēng)似的在腦里一回旋：《小孤孀上墳》欠堂皇，《龍虎斗》里的“悔不該……”也太乏，還是“手執(zhí)鋼鞭將你打”罷。(魯迅《阿Q正傳》)

His thoughts revolved like a whirlwind：The Young Widow at Her Husband's Grave was not heroic enough．The passage“Alas，in my cups”in The Battle of the Dragon and the Tiger was too feeble．“Steel in hand I shall trounce you”was still the best．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 寶玉便笑道：“姐姐通今博古，色色都知道，怎么連這一出戲的名字也不知道，就說了這么一串子。這叫《負(fù)荊請罪》。”(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第三十回)

“Why，cousin，”he cried，“surely you're sufficiently well versed in ancient and modern literature to know the title of that opera．Why do you haveto describe it?It's called Abject Apologies．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《負(fù)荊請罪》：元·康進(jìn)之《李逵負(fù)荊》雜劇。

◆ 正唱《西樓·樓會(huì)》這出將終，于叔夜因賭氣去了，那文豹便發(fā)科諢道：“你賭氣去了，恰好今日正月十五，榮國府中老祖宗家宴，待我騎了這馬，趕進(jìn)去討些果子吃是要緊的?！?曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十三回)

This was towards the end of the scene“Encounter in the Tower from The West Tower”，when Yu Shuye flings off in a rage．The girl playing Wenbao adlibbed：

“So you're leaving in a huff．Luckily this is the fifteenth of the first month，and the Old Ancestress of the Rong Mansion is holding a family feast．I'm going to ride there as fast as I can on this horse to ask for some goodies now．That's the thing to do．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

The West Tower：By Yuan Yulin，a Qing playwright．

【注】《西樓·樓會(huì)》：清初袁于令撰《西樓記》傳奇中的一出。劇本寫于叔夜和妓女穆素徽悲歡離合的故事。第八出《病晤》，寫于、穆二人正在西樓相會(huì)，書童文豹來傳于父之命，讓他去“赴社”;于只得與穆相別，懨懨而去。這出戲的演出本，俗稱《西樓會(huì)》。(張俊等，1987： 870)

◆ 當(dāng)下天未二鼓，戲演的是《八義》中《觀燈》八出。正在熱鬧之際，寶玉因下席往外走。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十四回)

It was not yet the second watch．Eight scenes from Eight Gallants at the Lantern Festival were being performed，and the climax had just been reached when Baoyu rose to go out．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《八義觀燈》：八義：即《八義記》，明徐元所作傳奇劇本。據(jù)元紀(jì)君祥《趙氏孤兒》改變而成。寫春秋時(shí)晉國權(quán)臣屠岸賈殘殺趙盾全家，只有趙氏孤兒趙武幸存;后趙武長大成人，報(bào)了冤仇。為趙家出力的，先后有程嬰等八人，故名《八義記》?！队^燈》指該劇第五出《宴賞元宵》(張俊等，1987：884)

◆ 秋紋笑道：“外頭唱的是《八義》，沒唱《混元盒》，那里又跑出‘金花娘娘’來了?！?曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十四回)

“They're playing The Eight Gallants over there，not The Magic Box，”quipped Qiuwen．“So where does this Goddess Jinhua come from?”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《混元盒》：明末清初的一部神魔劇。全劇以水神金花娘娘同張真人斗法為線索，每本演一個(gè)興妖作怪的小故事，內(nèi)容荒誕?！痘煸小肥菑堈嫒说囊患▽殹?張俊等，1987：885)

◆ (賈母)說著又道：“叫葵官唱一出《惠明下書》，也不用抹臉。只用兩出叫他們聽個(gè)疏異罷了。若省一點(diǎn)力，我可不依?！蔽墓俚嚷犃顺鰜?，忙去扮演上臺(tái)，先是《尋夢》，次是《下書》。眾人都鴉雀無聲。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十四回)

She then told Kuiguan，“Sing that aria‘Huiming Delivers a Letter’and don't trouble to make up.Just sing a couple of scenes to amuse these ladies with our amateur style．But mind you do your best．”

Wenguan and the others assented and withdrew to change their clothes．First they staged“Seeking the Dream，”then“The Letter Is Delivered．”All listened in absolute silence．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】《惠明下書》：《西廂記》第二本第一折，敘和尚惠明給白馬將軍杜確送信請他來普救寺解圍。是明代傳奇劇本《南西廂記》中的一出，李日華作，系王實(shí)甫《西廂記》的改編本。

《西廂記》取材于唐代大詩人元稹的傳奇小說《崔鶯鶯傳》(又名《會(huì)真記》)?！段鲙洝返墓适虑楣?jié)并不復(fù)雜，說的是唐代崔老相國去世后，老夫人攜女兒鶯鶯扶靈歸葬，丫鬟紅娘一路陪伴。因道路阻隔，暫停靈于河中府蒲州境內(nèi)的普救寺，借宿西廂小院。父母雙亡、書劍飄零的洛陽書生張生赴京趕考，為會(huì)朋友白馬將軍來到蒲州，游佛殿時(shí)邂逅鶯鶯，為其無比的艷麗而驚喜。鶯鶯乍見翩翩少年，也不禁深情回眸一望。經(jīng)過隔墻吟詩，互表心跡。同做道場，增進(jìn)了解，兩人開始默默相愛。這時(shí)，叛將孫飛虎兵圍普救寺，要搶崔鶯鶯做壓寨夫人。危急之中，老夫人許下：誰能退兵救女，便招為女婿。張生投書白馬將軍，退班解圍;但老夫人卻在酒宴上賴婚，堅(jiān)持把鶯鶯許給侄兒鄭恒，讓張生和鶯鶯兄妹相稱。張生以琴聲向鶯鶯傾訴相思之苦，又通過紅娘寄柬。鶯鶯假意鬧柬，同時(shí)又托紅娘給張生捎信，相約夜晚花園幽會(huì)。但當(dāng)紅娘把跳墻而進(jìn)的張生領(lǐng)到面前時(shí)，鶯鶯又突然變卦。張生又氣又惱，一病不起。紅娘同情，鶯鶯心疼，終于深夜來到張生書房，共度佳期。老夫人發(fā)覺后，拷打紅娘。紅娘據(jù)理反駁，曉以利害，老夫人啞口無言，只好承認(rèn)既成事實(shí);但又逼張生進(jìn)京趕考，求取功名。深秋黃昏，張生和鶯鶯在十里長亭依依惜別。張生夜宿草橋，夢鶯鶯偕行，醒來惟見曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)?，備感傷情。鶯鶯閨房揮筆，寫不盡縷縷情思。張生高中，正擬歸完婚之際，鄭恒來到普救寺，謊稱張生已另贅別娶，脅迫鶯鶯成婚。老夫人再次出爾反爾，聲稱要將鶯鶯嫁給鄭恒。幸虧張生及時(shí)趕來，再得白馬將軍相助，才與鶯鶯成就百年之好。

《尋夢》：明湯顯祖《牡丹亭》第十二出，寫杜麗娘在夢中與柳夢梅相會(huì)后，次日又循跡回憶夢境的情節(jié)。(張俊等，1987：886)

◆ 眾皆不識，聽見外面人說：“這是新打的《蕊珠記》里的《冥升》。小旦扮的是嫦娥，前因墮落人寰，幾乎給人為配，幸虧觀音點(diǎn)化，他就未嫁而逝，此時(shí)升引月宮?！?曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第八十五回)

No one knew what opera this was till they heard it said outside that this was the scene“Returning to Heaven from Hell”from the new opera The Tale of Ruizhu．The girl was the moon goddess who descended to earth and became betrothed to a mortal;luckily the goddess Guanyin had shown her the right course and she died before her marriage took place．She was now going back to the moon．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

※The Tale of Ruizhu：the playwright is unknown．

◆ 少刻，擺上酒席，打動(dòng)鑼鼓，一個(gè)人上來做一出戲。也有做《請宴》的，也有做《窺醉》的，也有做《借茶》的，也有做《刺虎》的，紛紛不一。后來王留歌做了一出《思凡》。(吳敬梓《儒林外史》第三十一回)

Soon the feast was served，and music sounded as the first actor ascended the stage．One acted“The Feast”，another“The Drunken Singer”，yet others“Borrowing Tea”or“Killing the Tiger”．No two scenes were the same．Wang Liu-ko presented“The Nun Longs for Earthly Pleasures”．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)