精品欧美无遮挡一区二区三区在线观看,中文字幕一区二区日韩欧美,久久久久国色αv免费观看,亚洲熟女乱综合一区二区三区

        ? 首頁 ? 理論教育 ?保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠

        保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠

        時(shí)間:2023-04-01 理論教育 版權(quán)反饋
        【摘要】:第十二章 保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠在國際貿(mào)易中,對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)是非常重要的。一般情況下,中國的進(jìn)出口商會(huì)選擇中國保險(xiǎn)條款。進(jìn)出口商投保的目的就是在遭受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),能夠獲取保險(xiǎn)公司的賠償,減少自身利益的損失。而有時(shí),進(jìn)出口商會(huì)遭遇到不是很負(fù)責(zé)任的保險(xiǎn)公司,尤其是理賠不公正的保險(xiǎn)公司。當(dāng)然,理賠代理人執(zhí)行的是保險(xiǎn)公司的決定。在郵件結(jié)尾,保險(xiǎn)公司還建議進(jìn)口方與

        第十二章 保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠

        在國際貿(mào)易中,對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)是非常重要的。跨國貿(mào)易就意味著貨物是從一國運(yùn)往另一國,通常要經(jīng)歷較長的路程或不同的運(yùn)輸方式,貨物在途中,很可能會(huì)遭受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在這種情況下,進(jìn)出口商為了保護(hù)他們的利益,會(huì)選擇給貨物投保。

        價(jià)格術(shù)語決定了投保人。如果是FOB或CFR等術(shù)語,那么應(yīng)該是由買方來辦理保險(xiǎn),他可以自行確定保險(xiǎn)公司、保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)種、保險(xiǎn)時(shí)間等。如果價(jià)格術(shù)語是CIF,那么就意味著賣方應(yīng)該辦理保險(xiǎn)。

        目前,對(duì)于中國的進(jìn)出口商來說,有兩種保險(xiǎn)條款可供選擇:一種是協(xié)會(huì)保險(xiǎn)條款(ICC),另一種是中國保險(xiǎn)條款(CIC)。如果是CIF價(jià)格術(shù)語,由賣方代辦保險(xiǎn)時(shí),賣方應(yīng)該與買方協(xié)商,具體選擇哪種保險(xiǎn)條款,并考慮相應(yīng)的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。一般情況下,中國的進(jìn)出口商會(huì)選擇中國保險(xiǎn)條款。在辦理保險(xiǎn)時(shí),保險(xiǎn)金額是發(fā)票金額的110%,也可以達(dá)到130%。在選擇險(xiǎn)種時(shí),應(yīng)該是一切險(xiǎn)(或稱全險(xiǎn)),然后附加一些特殊險(xiǎn)種,如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)等。

        進(jìn)出口商投保的目的就是在遭受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),能夠獲取保險(xiǎn)公司的賠償,減少自身利益的損失。但是,并非投了保,就萬無一失了。有時(shí),貨物遭受的一些損失,保險(xiǎn)公司是不承擔(dān)責(zé)任的。而有時(shí),進(jìn)出口商會(huì)遭遇到不是很負(fù)責(zé)任的保險(xiǎn)公司,尤其是理賠不公正的保險(xiǎn)公司。那么此時(shí)相關(guān)的損失如何確定,如何保護(hù)自身的利益呢?為了自身利益,進(jìn)出口商應(yīng)該對(duì)保險(xiǎn)條款非常熟悉,包括保險(xiǎn)的免責(zé)條款。

        根據(jù)中國保險(xiǎn)條款,保險(xiǎn)的免責(zé)條款有以下幾點(diǎn):(1)被保險(xiǎn)人故意行為或過失所造成的損失;(2)屬于發(fā)貨人責(zé)任所引起的損失;(3)在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開始前,被保險(xiǎn)貨物已存在的品質(zhì)不良或數(shù)量短差所造成的損失;(4)被保險(xiǎn)貨物的自然損耗、本質(zhì)缺陷、特性以及市價(jià)跌落、運(yùn)輸延遲所引起的損失和費(fèi)用;(5)屬于海洋運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)和罷工險(xiǎn)條款規(guī)定的責(zé)任范圍和除外責(zé)任。

        本章的案例就是進(jìn)口方在申請(qǐng)保險(xiǎn)公司的賠償時(shí),保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的情況,那么進(jìn)口方應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?

        一、案例學(xué)習(xí)

        (一)案例

        關(guān)于一切險(xiǎn)承保范圍的真實(shí)案例

        此案例為真實(shí)案例,貨物在海運(yùn)過程中集裝箱漏水了,導(dǎo)致一部分貨物發(fā)霉損壞。貨物投保了一切險(xiǎn),保險(xiǎn)公司卻拒絕賠償,將責(zé)任推卸在shipper身上,現(xiàn)將保險(xiǎn)公司反饋的原文公布如下,

        Dear Sir,

        Today I have received underwriters settlement instructions on the abovecaptioned claim.China Pacific has advised us that they are declining the claim as files.

        This was a“Shippers Load,Count &Seal”movement directly from China.The shipment arrived in Morrisville,NC in the original container with the original seal Intact.At no time did the carrier or their agents open the container and touch/view the cargo stowed within.

        Since the shipper was responsible for the sealed container load,there is no evidence of carrier liability for the condensation damage and torn cartons.The shipper is responsible for making sure the container is sound for ocean transit.If they did not cover the container vent holes over with tape themselves,they were at least responsible for removing it prior to loading the cargo into the container.If damages are related to an act or negligence of the shipper,they are not covered under the terms and conditions of marine cargo insurance.

        In view of underwriter’s instructions to us,we are closing our involvement in this matter and our office will take no further action.It is my suggestion that this matter be taken up with the shippers in China for their consideration.

        Yours faithfully,

        ×××

        (二)案例難點(diǎn)分析和寫作策略

        上述案例是一封保險(xiǎn)公司的拒賠信,但是,從郵件中可以看出,寫郵件的人不是保險(xiǎn)公司——中國太平洋保險(xiǎn)公司(China Pacific),而是其理賠代理人。當(dāng)然,理賠代理人執(zhí)行的是保險(xiǎn)公司的決定。

        根據(jù)郵件,保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的理由有以下幾點(diǎn):(1)這批貨是由發(fā)貨人(shipper)裝箱、清點(diǎn)和封箱的,并且,當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)目的港時(shí),集裝箱的封簽完好無損。在運(yùn)輸過程中,承運(yùn)人(carrier)及其代理人根本沒有時(shí)間打開集裝箱,更不會(huì)查看或整理貨物。(2)發(fā)貨人應(yīng)該確保集裝箱適用于海洋運(yùn)輸,應(yīng)該在裝貨之前關(guān)閉通風(fēng)口,要么將集裝箱的通風(fēng)口用膠帶蓋住。(3)根據(jù)海洋運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款,如果損失是由發(fā)貨人的行為或疏忽造成的,那么損失就不在保險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)。在郵件結(jié)尾,保險(xiǎn)公司還建議進(jìn)口方與中國的出口方(發(fā)貨人)聯(lián)系,解決相關(guān)問題。

        這封郵件寫得比較正式,語言和結(jié)構(gòu)都比較清楚,所列的理由好像也比較充分。如果確實(shí)屬于發(fā)貨人的責(zé)任,保險(xiǎn)公司應(yīng)該不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任,而由出口方來承擔(dān)。那么應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?本案例的難點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在:(1)進(jìn)口方和出口方,作為保險(xiǎn)受益人和發(fā)貨人,應(yīng)該相互支持和信任,尤其是發(fā)貨人應(yīng)該提供相關(guān)證據(jù);(2)發(fā)貨人如何找到突破口,證明損失不是發(fā)貨人的責(zé)任。

        對(duì)于第一個(gè)難點(diǎn),還是比較容易解決的。因?yàn)?,進(jìn)出口雙方是貿(mào)易關(guān)系,他們的利益是息息相關(guān)的。如果在出現(xiàn)問題時(shí),彼此不合作,就會(huì)相互失去對(duì)方的信任。在實(shí)踐中,進(jìn)出口雙方都會(huì)考慮保持長久的貿(mào)易關(guān)系,所以當(dāng)進(jìn)口方用一種誠懇的態(tài)度聯(lián)系賣方,賣方一般都會(huì)合作的,這也是出于其自身利益考慮。當(dāng)然,如果進(jìn)口方因?yàn)閾p失,而帶著情緒與賣方聯(lián)系,并責(zé)令賣方賠償?shù)脑?,那么賣方也可能采取不合作的態(tài)度。

        對(duì)于第二個(gè)難點(diǎn),完全取決于進(jìn)出口雙方對(duì)保險(xiǎn)條款和集裝箱運(yùn)輸責(zé)任的了解。如果相關(guān)的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備比較豐富和扎實(shí),是可以找到突破口。如果能證明發(fā)貨人沒有責(zé)任,那么保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的理由就不成立了。在拒賠信中,保險(xiǎn)公司強(qiáng)調(diào)了發(fā)貨人應(yīng)該確保集裝箱的適航性,有責(zé)任將通風(fēng)口關(guān)閉或者是將通風(fēng)口用膠帶紙覆蓋。事實(shí)真是如此嗎?根據(jù)集裝箱運(yùn)輸責(zé)任的相關(guān)規(guī)定,只有在發(fā)貨人使用了自備的集裝箱,產(chǎn)生問題才由發(fā)貨人負(fù)責(zé),而承運(yùn)人可以不負(fù)責(zé)任。但是,如果發(fā)貨人使用的是承運(yùn)人的集裝箱,情況應(yīng)該如何區(qū)分呢?問題的關(guān)鍵在于發(fā)貨人能否確保履行了以下兩點(diǎn)責(zé)任:(1)保證所報(bào)貨運(yùn)資料的完整和正確。(2)保證貨物是適合集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)?,并且在裝載時(shí),沒有發(fā)生積載不當(dāng)、墊襯不良和集裝箱不滿的情況。如果發(fā)貨人能提供上述兩點(diǎn)的證據(jù),那么上述案例的損失就應(yīng)該由承運(yùn)人承擔(dān),也就是說這種損失是屬于保險(xiǎn)的承保范圍,保險(xiǎn)公司應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任,履行賠付的責(zé)任。

        根據(jù)該案例,在賣方提供證據(jù)的前提下,由買方寫信給保險(xiǎn)公司的代理人,要求保險(xiǎn)公司負(fù)責(zé)賠償。因此,在該案例中,涉及兩封郵件的寫作:一封是賣方提供證據(jù)給買方的,并申明自身沒有過錯(cuò);另一封是買方寫給保險(xiǎn)代理人的,要求保險(xiǎn)公司賠付,并提供相關(guān)的證明材料。

        這兩封郵件的寫作應(yīng)該遵循的寫作策略是正式(formal)和有理有據(jù)(persuasive)。郵件涉及的問題比較嚴(yán)肅,是關(guān)于貨物損失的賠付問題,所以寫信人應(yīng)該是比較慎重的,采用的語言也應(yīng)該比較正式,且不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)一些縮略語以及非正式的郵件符號(hào)。郵件的結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該比較完整,凸顯正式的風(fēng)格。郵件是對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的回復(fù)和溝通,要想改變保險(xiǎn)公司的拒賠決定,那么郵件要有理有據(jù),做到要求明確,證據(jù)充分,言之有力。

        二、基于案例失敗郵件實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        (一)錯(cuò)誤句子實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        1.It must be the careless shippement of the goods inappropricate order leading to the damage of No.5and No.10.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的可能意思是“一定是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸不當(dāng),造成貨物散亂,并導(dǎo)致第五和第十號(hào)箱的貨物受損?!笨墒?,這句話的錯(cuò)誤比較多,比如單詞拼寫、語法錯(cuò)誤等,導(dǎo)致意思不明確。其中,“shippement”應(yīng)該是“shipment”,“p”無需雙寫;“inappropricate”應(yīng)該是“inappropriate”,表示“不恰當(dāng)”。從語法上,這句話可以改成“It must be the careless shipment which caused the inappropriate order of goods and the damage of No.5and No.10.”但這句話不符合該案例的語境,它應(yīng)該是第一次買方要求賠償?shù)谋硎觥?/p>

        2.Here are the photos enclosed,which improve the package is in good condition and the cargo is right located.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的意思是“隨函附上了照片,可以證明這些包裝都是完好無損的,貨物也放置得非常恰當(dāng)”。這句話是為了提供相關(guān)證據(jù),與案例的語境相符合,但由于一個(gè)單詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤,改變了整句話的意思?!白C明……”相應(yīng)的英文單詞應(yīng)該是“prove”,而不是“improve”?!癷mprove”的意思是“提高”或“改進(jìn)”。這兩個(gè)詞形相近,但意思完全不一樣,應(yīng)該注意區(qū)分。

        3.Having received your letter to our claim,I am very sorry to find your inconsideration to settle the problem properly.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的意思是“我已經(jīng)收到你方對(duì)我方索賠的回復(fù),但非常遺憾,我發(fā)現(xiàn)你方未能合理地解決這件事。”這句話的表達(dá)不夠地道。根據(jù)“find”的用法,在這句話中,用“find+n.+to do”不恰當(dāng),應(yīng)該用“find that...”合適些。因此,原句應(yīng)該改成“Having received your letter to our claim,I am very sorry to find that you failed to settle the problem properly.”

        4.In the responsibility of the carrier,we call for our compensation at All Risks that we have effected with you.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話欲表達(dá)的意思是“由于是承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任,我方根據(jù)已經(jīng)向你方辦理的一切險(xiǎn),要求相應(yīng)的賠償。”然而,這句話沒有正確使用介詞短語和動(dòng)詞短語,使得句子間的關(guān)系不清楚,意思難以理解?!坝捎凇睉?yīng)該用“for”或“because of”?!疤岢鏊髻r”的動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)該是“claim for”或者是“l(fā)odge a claim for”。另外,在“承運(yùn)人責(zé)任”與“我方提出索賠”的意思之間,跳躍性太大,使句子之間的關(guān)系不夠緊密。整個(gè)句子可以改成“Because it is the responsibility of the carrier,we think we should claim for the compensation based on the All Risks that we have effected with you.”

        5.The shipping company should be responsible for choosing the type of loading the goods.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話欲表達(dá)的意思是“運(yùn)輸公司應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)挑選合適的集裝箱來運(yùn)輸貨物?!边@句話指出了承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任,就是“選擇合適的集裝箱”??蓪懶湃藢㈥P(guān)鍵性的詞語漏掉了,影響了句子的意思。其實(shí),這個(gè)句子應(yīng)該是“The shipping company should be responsible for choosing the right type of container to load the goods.”

        6.The cargo went moody probably because of the container vent holes,never can the shipper cover for they are necessary for the goods.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的意思是“貨物發(fā)霉,有可能是集裝箱的通風(fēng)口(進(jìn)水)導(dǎo)致的,但是,發(fā)貨人是不能將通風(fēng)口覆蓋,因?yàn)樨浳镄枰L(fēng)?!辈贿^,原句中“went moody”不是“發(fā)霉”的意思,“moody”是“喜怒無常的,憤怒的”的意思,表示“發(fā)霉”,應(yīng)該是“moldy”這個(gè)詞,在美語中也可以拼寫成“mouldy”。另外,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,上述句子存在多套的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),不應(yīng)該是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。這句話可以改成“The cargo went moody probably because of the container vent holes.However,the shipper can never cover them for they are necessary for the goods.”

        7.It is the shipping company,that is the carrier who is in charge of choosing the right carton for the right cargo,not the shipper.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的意思是“應(yīng)該是運(yùn)輸公司,也就是承運(yùn)人,應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)為貨物選擇合適的紙板箱,而不是發(fā)貨人?!痹谶@句話中,有語法錯(cuò)誤,也有進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易基本知識(shí)的錯(cuò)誤。這句話主體是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,但是,寫信人又使用了一個(gè)同位語的語法結(jié)構(gòu),那就是“the shipping company”和“the carrier”。錯(cuò)誤主要是“that is”后面沒有加逗號(hào)。在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中,承運(yùn)人只負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸事宜,包括選擇集裝箱種類,但是貨物的包裝并不是承運(yùn)人的職責(zé)。貨物采用何種包裝是由進(jìn)出口商來定的。如果相關(guān)的進(jìn)出口知識(shí)不扎實(shí),就會(huì)影響句子,乃至整封郵件的說服力。

        8.Since the responsibility should be taken by shipping company,my reasons are as follows.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的意思是“運(yùn)輸公司應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相關(guān)的責(zé)任,我的理由有如下幾點(diǎn)?!痹诰渥又小皊ince”是“既然”的意思,表示原因,而“my reasons”也是表示原因,這不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。正確的表達(dá)是將原句中的“since”刪去,在“my reasons”前加個(gè)“and”。

        9.I have received your letter on declining compensation,but I am sorry to tell you that what you have said in the letter is against the fact.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話沒有語法錯(cuò)誤,意思也非常明確,只是這種表達(dá)過于夸張,會(huì)影響這封郵件的客觀性和說服力。事實(shí)上,拒賠信上的理由都是符合事實(shí)的,比如貨物是由發(fā)貨人裝箱、清點(diǎn)和封箱等都是事實(shí),只是保險(xiǎn)公司只字未提承運(yùn)人的相關(guān)責(zé)任,并試圖將責(zé)任推卸給發(fā)貨人。因此,原句可以改成“I have received your letter on declining compensation,but I am sorry to tell you that it is the carrier who should take the responsibility.”

        10.Above all we are reasonable to claim for compensation.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話的原意應(yīng)該是“綜上所述,我們索賠是非常合理的。”可是,“above all”的意思是“most important of all”,即“尤其是,最重要的是”,不是表示總結(jié),而是表示在一系列因素中,哪個(gè)是最重要的。如果要表示總結(jié)的話,可以將原來的語句改成“In conclusion,we are reasonable to claim for compensation.”

        (二)錯(cuò)誤段落實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        1.Today I have received your letter suggests that this matter be taken up with the shippers in China for their consideration.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的意思是“今天我收到了你方的來信,獲知你方建議我方應(yīng)該聯(lián)系發(fā)貨人,以解決相關(guān)事宜?!边@是買方回復(fù)保險(xiǎn)代理人的郵件的起始段落,段落比較簡(jiǎn)潔。但是,寫信人只是提到拒賠郵件的意圖,卻沒有傳遞自己寫信的目的,造成信息不完整和郵件的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。可以在后面補(bǔ)充一句:After communications with the shipper,I believe that it is not the responsibility of him.原句還出現(xiàn)了語法錯(cuò)誤:“Today I have received your letter”是段落的主句,而其他部分應(yīng)該是“l(fā)etter”的定語從句,因而,應(yīng)該在“suggests”前加引導(dǎo)詞“which”。

        2.After the thorough check,we found the damage was not shipper’s fault,there is not such kind of damage before shipping.Therefore,at no time did the carrier or their agents open the container and touch the cargo stowed within.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的意思是“經(jīng)過徹底的核實(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)貨人對(duì)此沒有責(zé)任,因?yàn)樵谶\(yùn)輸前不存在這樣的損失。因此,承運(yùn)人及其代理人根本就沒有時(shí)間打開集裝箱,也沒有時(shí)間觸碰這些貨物。”很顯然,該段落是論證發(fā)貨人沒有造成相關(guān)的損失,但是論據(jù)不合理,也不符合邏輯。首先,為了證明發(fā)貨人沒有錯(cuò)誤,寫信人應(yīng)該先要了解是什么損失和造成損失的原因可能是什么。在該案例中,損失是霉變,而造成損失的原因是通風(fēng)口進(jìn)水。在這種情況下,寫信人只是簡(jiǎn)單地提到“發(fā)貨前沒有這種損壞”是無法證明發(fā)貨人沒有錯(cuò)誤的。其次,該段落的第二句話給出了不符合邏輯的結(jié)論——承運(yùn)人及其代理人沒有時(shí)間打開集裝箱,并且整理貨物。許多商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)者,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法,認(rèn)為“shipper”是動(dòng)詞“ship”的名詞,是指動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者,于是認(rèn)為shipper就是carrier,而carrier就是shipper,這是導(dǎo)致本段落邏輯混亂、難以理解的根本原因。然而,在商務(wù)英語中,“shipper”是發(fā)貨人,通常是進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易中的賣方,而“carrier”是承運(yùn)人,是指承擔(dān)國際運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)輸公司。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,最忌“望文生義”。

        3.We had a“Shippers load,Count &Seal”movement directly from China.We had given all the detail information of our products to the shipping company’s agents.The carrier is responsible for making sure the quality of products and allot suitable container with went holes for shippment.What’s more,for the negligence of the carrier,our carton went moldy and unmarketable because of the water without being placed in a reasonable place.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的大意是“我們的這筆交易確實(shí)是由發(fā)貨人裝運(yùn)、清點(diǎn)和密封的。我們已經(jīng)將我方產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)信息告知了運(yùn)輸公司的代理。承運(yùn)人應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)確認(rèn)貨物的質(zhì)量以及分配帶通風(fēng)口的集裝箱。而且,由于承運(yùn)人的錯(cuò)誤,我方的紙板箱沒有放在合理的位置,導(dǎo)致浸水發(fā)霉,貨物無法銷售。”。在該段落中,“we”的指向不一致。在第一句中,“we”應(yīng)該是進(jìn)口方,可是在第二句話中,“we”是指出口方,因?yàn)槌隹诜皆诎咐惺秦?fù)責(zé)裝貨等事宜的人,應(yīng)該向承運(yùn)人提供相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品信息。在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中,承運(yùn)人的職責(zé)應(yīng)該是運(yùn)輸貨物;他應(yīng)該在收貨時(shí)對(duì)貨物包裝的外觀進(jìn)行描述,但是不確保貨物的質(zhì)量。當(dāng)然,作為承運(yùn)人還應(yīng)該將適合的集裝箱分配給發(fā)貨人。因此,寫信人應(yīng)該從集裝箱的分配進(jìn)行論證。最后一句話與“分配集裝箱”句子的關(guān)系不是遞進(jìn),而是因果,用“what’s more”不恰當(dāng)。不過,結(jié)論下得過快,應(yīng)該在指出“承運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)分配集裝箱”后,明確指出發(fā)貨人沒有義務(wù)要關(guān)閉或者覆蓋通風(fēng)口,對(duì)拒賠信進(jìn)行反駁。在該段落中,也有些語言錯(cuò)誤:第一個(gè)是“allot”的時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)該與“making sure”并列,應(yīng)該改成“allotting”;第二個(gè)是拼寫錯(cuò)誤,“went holes”應(yīng)該是“vent holes”,而“shippment”應(yīng)該是“shipment”。

        4.Last but not least,the shipper’s duty is only to obey the order of his shipping company,if the shipper has made mistakes,it means the mistakes were resulted from the company.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的意思是“最后,發(fā)貨人的義務(wù)是遵從運(yùn)輸公司的命令,如果發(fā)貨人犯了錯(cuò)誤,就意味著是運(yùn)輸公司犯了錯(cuò)?!笨梢钥闯觯摱温涞恼撟C,沒有客觀地尋找反駁的角度,只是給出了主觀的意見,這樣的論據(jù)是蒼白無力,甚者,有些“無理取鬧”的嫌疑。如果不能“以理服人”,那就沒有必要作為論據(jù)出現(xiàn)在郵件中。商務(wù)信函的寫作目的是溝通和解決問題,不是“消遣”,無需無話找話。在寫商務(wù)郵件時(shí),應(yīng)該有“惜字”的態(tài)度,要讓每一句話都有其“使命”。另外,根據(jù)英語的語法特點(diǎn),上述段落應(yīng)該改成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子,即,將“if”前的逗號(hào)改成句號(hào),并將“if”改成“If”。

        5.From my personal perspective,neither of us expect such things to happen.What we can do now is to solve the problem well as soon as possible and thus create a nice expression for further corporation.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這段話的意思是“我認(rèn)為,我們都不想發(fā)生這樣的事。我們現(xiàn)在可以做的就是盡快解決問題,為將來的良好的合作打下基礎(chǔ)?!憋@然,這是進(jìn)出口雙方之間的溝通郵件,寫作的角度比較好,但是語言錯(cuò)誤不少。在英語中,“neither of us”后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,因此,應(yīng)該將“expect”改成“expects”。“expression”是“表達(dá)、表述”的意思,用在原句中不是很恰當(dāng)。表達(dá)“基礎(chǔ)”之意,應(yīng)該用“foundation”更合適?!癱orporation”是“公司”的意思,表示“合作”,應(yīng)該用“cooperation”。這兩個(gè)詞形近,容易搞錯(cuò),應(yīng)該多加記憶。

        6.We are pretty sure that shippers in China had done their jobs very well.Besides,we can provide the document which shows that all the goods are clean and sound before shipment.Moreover,shippers wouldn’t ignore damages on cartons before shipment,which is common sense.Therefore,it’s not shippers responsibility to this damage.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的意思是“我方非常確定中國的發(fā)貨人非常盡職。我們可以提供相關(guān)的單據(jù),以證明貨物在運(yùn)輸前是清潔和完好的。另外,發(fā)貨人不會(huì)在發(fā)貨前疏忽紙板箱的損壞,這是常理。因此,貨物的損失并非發(fā)貨人的責(zé)任?!痹摱温涞恼撟C沒有抓住要點(diǎn)。在拒賠信中,保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的理由是發(fā)貨人沒有關(guān)閉或覆蓋通風(fēng)口,導(dǎo)致貨物發(fā)霉變質(zhì),也就說明貨物是在運(yùn)輸途中發(fā)生了相關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失??墒?,該段落在論證過程中,寫信人卻只提到“有證據(jù)說明在裝箱前,貨物是完好無損的”和“裝運(yùn)前,發(fā)貨人也不會(huì)疏忽了包裝,這是常識(shí)”,這只能說明運(yùn)輸前的狀況,沒有反駁拒賠信的觀點(diǎn)。另外,寫信人在提到第二點(diǎn)論據(jù)時(shí)候,不夠客觀,論述無力。在語法方面,“發(fā)貨人的責(zé)任”應(yīng)該使用所屬格,用“shippers’responsibility”來表示;在此段落中,寫信人疏忽了“’”的添加。

        7.When the shipper sent the cargo to the wharf,the shipper’s company was responsible for choosing containers properly.It is the container vent holes over that had had the water flowed into the container,damaging the condensation.If damages are related to the mistakes of the shipper’s company,they are covered under the terms and conditions of Marine cargo insurance.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):該段落的大致意思是“當(dāng)發(fā)貨人將貨物送到集裝箱場(chǎng)站時(shí),運(yùn)輸公司應(yīng)該選擇合適的集裝箱。水從集裝箱的通風(fēng)口進(jìn)入到集裝箱內(nèi),造成水汽的凝結(jié)。如果損失是由運(yùn)輸公司造成的,應(yīng)該屬于海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)范圍。”該段落的論點(diǎn)基本正確,論據(jù)也比較合理,但是太多的語言錯(cuò)誤,會(huì)使收信人無法理解寫信人的意思。首先,在該段落中,寫信人用“shipper’s company”來指稱“運(yùn)輸公司”,不僅非常不專業(yè),而且與“shipper”一起,造成了當(dāng)事人的混亂。“shipper”應(yīng)該是發(fā)貨人,是行業(yè)的專業(yè)表達(dá),一般指出口方。而“運(yùn)輸公司”的專業(yè)表達(dá)應(yīng)該是“shipping company”或者是“carrier”,相對(duì)應(yīng)的中文是“承運(yùn)人”。其次,第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,但是有語法錯(cuò)誤。其實(shí),這句話不用強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以表達(dá)得更清楚,可改成“The water flowed into the container through its vent holes.”如果要將這句話與前一句話的關(guān)系顯示得更緊密,應(yīng)該將前一句改成“When the shipper sent the cargo to the wharf,the shipping company chose the container with vent holes to him.”。再次,詞語搭配也不恰當(dāng)?!癲amage”是“損壞或損害”的意思,而“condensation”是“凝結(jié)”的意思,因此,要表達(dá)“造成水汽凝結(jié)”,應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞“cause”,即“causing the condensation of water”。最后,“terms and conditions”一般指貿(mào)易條件,指價(jià)格、運(yùn)輸?shù)葪l件,而“海洋貨物保險(xiǎn)條款”應(yīng)該表達(dá)成“clause of Marine Cargo Insurance”。

        8.I am sorry about that your cargo went moldy and became unmarketable.As we know,the container is used according to your requirement.The shipping company packed your cargo properly.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這句話非常難以理解,可以說不知所云。如果直接將這句話翻譯成中文,應(yīng)該是“我方非常遺憾地獲知你方的貨物發(fā)霉,變得無法銷售。我們大家都知道,這種類型的集裝箱的使用是根據(jù)你方的要求的。運(yùn)輸公司恰當(dāng)?shù)匕b了你方的貨物?!睆牡谝痪?,很難判斷到底是進(jìn)口方寫的,還是出口方寫的,因?yàn)榈谝痪淇梢允琴u方寫給買方,表示獲知此事;也可以是買方寫給賣方,將事情通報(bào)給賣方。因此,為了明確寫信人的角色,最好附加一些信息。如果是買方寫給賣方的,可以這樣寫“I am sorry to tell you that your cargo went moldy and became unmarketable when I received your goods.”如果是賣方寫給買方的,那么可以寫成“I am sorry to learn from your letter that your cargo went moldy and became unmarketable.”當(dāng)然這句話應(yīng)該是“be sorry that”,如果后接名詞的話,可以用“be sorry about...”該段中的最后一句話不符合案例,也不符合進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)的常識(shí)。在拒賠信中,保險(xiǎn)代理人已經(jīng)明確指出“Shippers Load, Count &Seal”,那么貨物怎么會(huì)是承運(yùn)人包裝的呢?根據(jù)商務(wù)常識(shí),包裝是貨物生產(chǎn)的不可分割的一部分,應(yīng)該是由出口方來完成的,承運(yùn)人是不會(huì)“插足”生產(chǎn)的。這個(gè)段落中,比較合理的論述就是第二句話了。如果買方真的能證明集裝箱是由賣方選的,那賣方應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任,只好負(fù)責(zé)賠償了。

        9.I’ve heard of what you clained for in your response,and I really thank you for your kind consideration for us.But I insist my point that your insurance company be responsible for the damage,reasons listed as follows.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這個(gè)段落的意思是“在你方的回復(fù)中,我們已經(jīng)了解了你方的意見,對(duì)此,我方表示感謝。但是,我堅(jiān)持我方的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為你們保險(xiǎn)公司應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)這次的損失。具體的理由表達(dá)如下?!痹摱温涫琴I方寫給保險(xiǎn)公司的起始段落,寫信意圖表達(dá)得非常明確。美中不足的是這句話的語言錯(cuò)誤比較多?!癶ear of”是“聽說……”的意思,與后面的“in your response”不能搭配,應(yīng)該是“l(fā)earned”或“known”;當(dāng)然,在這句話中,“clained”應(yīng)該是“claimed”,表示“要求”,在句中也不恰當(dāng),應(yīng)該改成“said”或更正式的“stated”;這樣,這句話的意思是“從你方的回復(fù),我們已經(jīng)知道你的觀點(diǎn)。”“insist”是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,不可以直接接賓語,一般用“insist on...”或“insist that...”?!皉easons listed as follows”有重復(fù)現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)該改成“reasons listed below”或者“reasons as follows”;而這個(gè)名詞短語不能作獨(dú)立的句子,應(yīng)該將它前面的逗號(hào)改成介詞“for”。

        10.Firstly,we have your insurance surveyor check the products and the container before we ship the products.However,the surveyor didn’t find any problems or questions about the container vent holes.So it will be your liability for causing the damage to our corporate.

        點(diǎn)評(píng):該段落的意思是“在運(yùn)輸前,我們邀請(qǐng)你方的保險(xiǎn)調(diào)查員檢查了產(chǎn)品和集裝箱。然而,你方的保險(xiǎn)調(diào)查員沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何關(guān)于通風(fēng)口的問題。因此,你方應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相關(guān)的損失?!币虼?,我們可以判斷這個(gè)段落是賣方寫給保險(xiǎn)公司的信的一部分??墒?,這完全違反了進(jìn)出口相關(guān)的保險(xiǎn)流程。只有在貨物發(fā)生損壞后,保險(xiǎn)調(diào)查員才會(huì)出現(xiàn),對(duì)相關(guān)的損失進(jìn)行勘查和認(rèn)定,并提供相關(guān)的報(bào)告。因此,應(yīng)該是在買方所在地,收到貨物時(shí)如發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,立即聯(lián)系保險(xiǎn)調(diào)查員。綜上所述,這個(gè)段落的寫作完全沒有意義。

        (三)失敗郵件實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        1.

        Dear Sir,

        We write this letter to you after receiving your declining compensation letter.

        As the required documents that have been sent to you,it is clearly said that the shipping company have made sure that the cartons or containers were suitable for shipping.It is carrier who didn’t tell the shipping company the other specific requirements that should be obeyed during the transportation.Since the goods should be well ventilated,therefore,the carrier did not stop up the container vent holes and didn’t tell this information to the shipping company and thus the shipper put the containers on the deck and the water poured into the carton which caused the demage of the goods.

        Through the above description and the reports from the surveyor and shipping company,we are sure that it is the carrier’s fault in handling the shipment.We Hope that you can settle the problem properly and fairly.

        We are looking forward for your reply.

        Yours sincerely,

        ×××

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這封郵件措辭比較委婉,反映出比較恰當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q問題態(tài)度。郵件的結(jié)構(gòu)也是完整的;闡述理由時(shí),語言清楚,論述層次比較分明。然而,由于沒有掌握相關(guān)的商務(wù)知識(shí),混淆了當(dāng)事各方,使得這封郵件功虧一簣。根據(jù)基本的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易知識(shí),對(duì)于每一筆交易,都有進(jìn)口方、出口方、承運(yùn)人和保險(xiǎn)人,而且這些當(dāng)事人在涉及運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)和保險(xiǎn)環(huán)節(jié)時(shí),他們的角色會(huì)發(fā)生變化。在運(yùn)輸方面,承運(yùn)人就是負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸?shù)漠?dāng)事人,就是實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)輸公司;出口方是發(fā)貨人或者也稱托運(yùn)人,而進(jìn)口方是收貨人。當(dāng)涉及保險(xiǎn)時(shí),進(jìn)口方是保險(xiǎn)受益人,出口方是投保人(當(dāng)價(jià)格術(shù)語是CIF或CPI)。在該郵件中,寫信人將shipping company與carrier當(dāng)成了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的當(dāng)事人,也混淆了carrier和shipper的職責(zé)。這樣的郵件必然于事無補(bǔ),解決不了問題。另外,該郵件中“demage”應(yīng)該是“damage”,是“損壞”的意思。

        2.

        Dear Sirs,

        It is unbelievable that you consider shipper should take this responsibility.Shipper reported their goods condition to carrier in order to get a right

        container.So the carrier knew the condition of goods but the carrier didn’t offer a suitable container,which should have went holes.This action led to the condensation damage and torn cartons,and made the cargo go moldy and become unmarketable.There’s enough evident of carrier liability for this matter.

        We suggest that your carefully consideration to this matter,and take positive measures to settle down it.

        Yours sincerely,

        ×××

        點(diǎn)評(píng):這封郵件也是封失敗的郵件,不能幫助保險(xiǎn)受益人解決問題。首先,該郵件的態(tài)度和語氣欠妥。當(dāng)買方遭受拒賠時(shí),心情一定不是很舒暢,甚至有些惱火??墒?,在寫郵件解決問題時(shí),還是應(yīng)該保持禮貌。只有較好的態(tài)度,和恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣,才能取得對(duì)方的理解和合作。且真正解決問題的關(guān)鍵是能否提供證據(jù),能否言之有理,而不是靠生硬的態(tài)度。其次,寫信人沒有把握案例的本質(zhì)。在該郵件中,寫信人對(duì)carrier和shipper的職責(zé)還比較清楚,但是,卻沒有意識(shí)到發(fā)生損壞的根本原因。根據(jù)案例,集裝箱應(yīng)該是帶有通風(fēng)口的集裝箱,所以才導(dǎo)致水進(jìn)入集裝箱,使貨物發(fā)霉變質(zhì)??墒牵卩]件中,寫信人寫道“So the carrier knew the condition of goods but the carrier didn’t offer a suitable container,which should have went holes.This action lead to the condensation damage and torn cartons,and made the cargo go moldy and become unmarketable.”(意思是:承運(yùn)人知道貨物的狀況,但是承運(yùn)人沒有提供合適的,也就是帶有通風(fēng)口的集裝箱。這一行為是導(dǎo)致水汽凝結(jié)于紙板箱,并破損,致使貨物發(fā)霉和無法銷售。)顯然,寫信人沒有理解原信,造成了錯(cuò)誤。最后,這封郵件的語言也有些錯(cuò)誤。“通風(fēng)口”是“vent holes”,可是寫信人拼寫成了“went holes”;郵件中的最后一段,“suggest”后是賓語從句,可是賓語從句中前面部分少了謂語動(dòng)詞,變成了名詞短語?!皊ettle down”是“定居、安家”的意思?!敖鉀Q問題”應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞“solve”或“settle”。該句應(yīng)該修改成:We suggest that you carefully consider this matter and take positive measures to settle it。

        三、基于案例成功郵件實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        (一)郵件范例

        1.

        Dear Sir,

        I have received your letter of declining compensation.I’m sorry to hear that you will take no further action in this matter.

        I have to say that the shipper had fulfilled his responsibility in load,count and seal and had handed the goods properly to the carrier based on the B/L.The shipping company chose the right container for our cargo reasonably.The container with vent holes was used because our cargo was perishable in a sealed circumstance.As a result,it was reasonable not to cover the container vent holes.

        As carrier,the shipping company should take care of the goods during transit.They should prevent the water spilling into the container through the vent holes or should not pile up our cargo on the deck.However,they failed to do so.Surely,it’s their responsibility.

        According to the All Risks we have effected insurance with you,we sincerely call for your cover of our loss.Look forward to your properly and fairly settlement.

        Yours sincerely,

        ×××

        2.

        Dear Sir,

        I am writing in response of your letter that stated China Pacific had decided to decline the claims for compensation as files.

        After our careful investigation on this matter,we believe China Pacific is responsible for the damage of goods.

        Firstly,the shipper didn’t cover the vent holes on the container because the goods can easily get moldy in closed containers.

        Secondly,it is carrier’s responsibility to check if the container is suitable for ocean transportation.The carrier should put the containers in a proper place to make sure that water will not go through the vent holes.But the carrier didn’t.Therefore,damage was caused by the negligence of the carrier.

        In conclusion,the responsibility lies in the carrier.Once again,we would like to ask you to cover our loss.Should you have any questions on the above mentioned things,please do not hesitate to contact me.

        Look forward to your positive message.

        Yours sincerely,

        ×××

        (二)郵件實(shí)例點(diǎn)評(píng)

        根據(jù)本章案例,這兩封郵件應(yīng)該是比較成功的郵件,解決問題的概率非常大。首先,這兩封郵件的用詞恰當(dāng),語言簡(jiǎn)潔;結(jié)構(gòu)完整,段落層次分明,做到了一個(gè)要點(diǎn),一個(gè)段落,符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,也利于商務(wù)人員閱讀、理解和抓住要點(diǎn)??梢姡Z言基本功是一封成功的郵件必不可少的條件。其次,這兩封郵件也反映出比較扎實(shí)的進(jìn)出口商務(wù)知識(shí)。在這兩封郵件中,寫信人都提到了進(jìn)出口交易中主要當(dāng)事人的職責(zé)。shipper(發(fā)貨人)負(fù)責(zé)裝貨、清點(diǎn)和封箱;carrier(承運(yùn)人)負(fù)責(zé)挑選集裝箱和確保集裝箱置于合理的位置。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn),第一封郵件寫得更好,它不僅指出了職責(zé),還提到了劃分承運(yùn)人和發(fā)貨人職責(zé)的非常重要的單證——海運(yùn)提單,做到了有理有據(jù)。再次,這兩封郵件都指出了保留集裝箱通風(fēng)口的合理性,分析和點(diǎn)明了損失造成的根本因素——集裝箱在貨船上的位置不合理,導(dǎo)致水進(jìn)入集裝箱,造成最終的損失。這就針對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司提出的拒賠原因,給予了有力的還擊,進(jìn)一步證明損失是承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任,應(yīng)該在承保范圍內(nèi)。最后,這兩封郵件在結(jié)尾都明確提出了寫信的目的——要求保險(xiǎn)公司負(fù)責(zé)賠償,起到了畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。

        免責(zé)聲明:以上內(nèi)容源自網(wǎng)絡(luò),版權(quán)歸原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原創(chuàng)版權(quán)請(qǐng)告知,我們將盡快刪除相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

        我要反饋