英語(yǔ)學(xué)術(shù)論文的結(jié)構(gòu)類似于中文學(xué)術(shù)論文,一篇完整規(guī)范的學(xué)術(shù)論文,一般由以下各部分構(gòu)成。

Title(標(biāo)題):Be short,accurate,and unambiguous;Give your paper a distinct personality;Begin with the subject of the study.

Introduction(引言):What is known;What is unknown;Why we did this study?

Method(方法):Participants;subjects;Measurements;Outcomes and explanatory variables;Statistical methods.

Results(結(jié)果):Sample characteristics;Univariate analyses;Bivariate analyses;Multivariate analyses.

Discussion(討論):State what you found;Outline the strengths and limitations of the study;Discuss the relevance to current literature;Outline your implications with a clear“So what?”and“Where now?”

Reference(參考文獻(xiàn)):All citations must be accurate;Include only the most important,most rigorous,and most recent literature;Quote only published journal articles or books;Never quote“second hand”;Cite only　20-35　references.

Appendix(附錄):Tables and figures,No more than six tables or figures;Use Table　1　for sample characteristics(no P values);Put most important findings in a figure.

另外有Abstract(摘要),Keywords(關(guān)鍵詞)Conclusion(結(jié)論),Acknowledgement(致謝),其寫作同中文。其中Title,Abstract,Introduction,Method,Result,Discussion,Conclu-sion,Reference　8項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是必不可少的(其他內(nèi)容根據(jù)具體需要而定)。在這8項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中,讀者最多的是Title,Abstract和Introduction部分,讀者會(huì)根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容來(lái)決定是否閱讀全文。也就是說,一篇研究論文贏得讀者的多少,在很大程度上取決于Title,Abstract和Introduction寫得好壞。

學(xué)術(shù)論文的正文一般包括Method,Result,Discussion3個(gè)部分。這3部分主要描述研究課題的具體內(nèi)容、方法,研究過程中所使用的設(shè)備、儀器、條件,并如實(shí)公布有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和研究結(jié)果等。Conclusion是對(duì)全文內(nèi)容或有關(guān)研究課題進(jìn)行的總體性討論。它具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和客觀性,反映一個(gè)研究課題的價(jià)值,同時(shí)提出以后的研究方向。