7.7　農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村類新聞

我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國，“三農(nóng)”問題近年來得到了黨和政府的高度重視。因此，關(guān)于“三農(nóng)”的新聞報道相當(dāng)多，除了春耕夏收等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的老話題外，近年來的重點話題包括農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移、外向型農(nóng)業(yè)、高科技農(nóng)業(yè)、無公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、農(nóng)村醫(yī)療合作社、農(nóng)民增收、社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)等。題材多，范圍廣，再加上我國特有的農(nóng)村現(xiàn)象，因此在翻譯此類新聞稿件時有較大難度，總的原則是在抓住主要事實和主要信息的前提下，在編譯的基礎(chǔ)上，盡可能減少中式英語的痕跡，盡可能使我國農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民的積極向上形象和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的成就被國外受眾所理解?！叭r(nóng)”類新聞報道的特點之一是對某個村莊的情況進行細節(jié)描寫，這時候譯者不可輕易將其忽略或者進行過度概括，而是應(yīng)該盡可能保持其細節(jié)特點。因為新聞報道中的細節(jié)起著十分重要的作用，沒有了細節(jié)的支撐，整個報道就會顯得蒼白無力。這種新聞報道其實是新聞特寫的風(fēng)格，對細節(jié)的描繪有助于勾勒新聞報道的情節(jié)，幫助受眾獲得對新聞事件的感性認識。

在語言風(fēng)格上，此類新聞報道中數(shù)字和百分比較多，其翻譯處理原則可參照上文所述，至于一些綜述類稿件，其翻譯原則是盡可能具體化和事實化，減少內(nèi)容空洞的詞語堆砌。平時多閱讀我國主流外語媒體的同類新聞報道乃是提高翻譯質(zhì)量的一個有效辦法。由于電視新聞報道的特點就是配音、同期聲和記者出鏡交替出現(xiàn)，造成信息趨于分散，如果同期聲和記者出鏡報頭不需翻譯，這時候就需要譯者對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行整合，以便使譯文通順流暢。

農(nóng)村類新聞報道翻譯時的部分有用詞匯:

1)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)township and village enterprise

2)農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值gross output value of agriculture

3)完善家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制improve the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output

4)承包耕地contract land

5)科技興農(nóng)promote agriculture by applying scientific and technological advances

6)土地使用權(quán)有償轉(zhuǎn)讓compensated transfer of land-use rights

7)集約經(jīng)營intensive farming cultivation

8)粗放經(jīng)營extensive farming cultivation

9)開發(fā)性農(nóng)業(yè)development-oriented agriculture

10)繼承開發(fā)性生產(chǎn)項目的承包經(jīng)營權(quán)inherit contracts for management of explorative projects

11)三高農(nóng)業(yè)(高產(chǎn)、高質(zhì)、高效)high-yield，high-quality and highreturn agriculture

12)貿(mào)工農(nóng)一體化經(jīng)營integrated operations of trade，industry and agriculture

13)家庭副業(yè)family side-line business

14)離土不離鄉(xiāng)leave the farmland but not one's hometown;shift from farming to other trades within the rural area

15)糧食專項儲備制度system of storing food grain for unforeseen needs

16)農(nóng)田水利基本建設(shè)irrigation and water conservancy projects

17)水土保持water and soil conservation

18)水土流失water and soil erosion

新聞報道翻譯實例一

江蘇:文化德政讓和諧文化潤澤城鄉(xiāng)

【口導(dǎo)】為有效縮短城鄉(xiāng)之間在公共文化產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)方面的差距，近年來，江蘇各地各部門不斷實施“文化德政”工程，加快建立和完善公共文化服務(wù)體系，在為百姓提供更多更好精神文化產(chǎn)品的同時，也為建設(shè)和諧文化、促進社會和諧打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。

【配音】2007年元宵節(jié)這天，地處江蘇最西北的農(nóng)業(yè)大縣豐縣梁飯棚村村民在家門口看上了鎮(zhèn)電影隊免費送來的數(shù)字電影。清晰的畫面以及6個立體音響營造出的視聽效果，讓大伙開了眼界。而在最偏遠的宋樓鎮(zhèn)南李大樓村，農(nóng)民唐懷海不僅看上了期盼已久的有線電視，還開始借助年前剛剛開通的寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，做起了網(wǎng)上營銷水果的交易。僅春節(jié)前一個星期就銷出早熟蘋果15萬公斤。

【同期】豐縣宋樓鎮(zhèn)南李大樓村×××

通過政府的投入，有線電視、寬帶走進農(nóng)村，的確是改變了我們的生活方式，滿足了我們的文化需求，特別是像我這樣的年輕人可以說是從麻將桌上被拉到了電腦前，不僅可以在網(wǎng)上做生意，還能學(xué)到一些生產(chǎn)技能。

【配音】在江蘇，去年以來，像豐縣人民一樣享受到有線電視、寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和免費數(shù)字電影的農(nóng)戶新增了50多萬戶，覆蓋了全省80%左右的農(nóng)村地區(qū)。各地紛紛對“送科普書籍、送戲、送電影”下鄉(xiāng)和農(nóng)村“有線電視進村入戶”工程加大了推進力度，省、市、縣三級財政補貼及配套投入達到了4個億。在政策資金的有力保障下，鄉(xiāng)村影院更新改造快速推進，農(nóng)村電影市場開始回暖。一些多年不見而農(nóng)民又喜聞樂見的評書、墜子、揚琴、花船等藝術(shù)形式又重新活躍在城鄉(xiāng)。而由宣傳部門專款支持的農(nóng)民書屋、流動圖書車、流動文化船、“文藝大篷車”、廣場演出和節(jié)慶活動等也深受群眾的喜愛。

【同期】豐縣縣委書記×××

農(nóng)村地區(qū)的群眾同樣有強烈的精神文化需求，渴望“口袋”、“腦袋”一齊富起來。因此，即便像豐縣這樣還并不富裕的農(nóng)業(yè)大縣每年也投入幾百萬元，目的就是要讓和諧文化之風(fēng)吹遍城鄉(xiāng)大地。

【配音】如今，針對部分地區(qū)農(nóng)村文化陣地萎縮這一現(xiàn)象，一場旨在率先完善農(nóng)村現(xiàn)有公共文化服務(wù)體系的“文化站建設(shè)”浪潮正在江蘇各地蓬勃興起。截至目前，全省已完成新建鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)文化站216個，各級政府為此投入1.7億元。根據(jù)“十一五”藍圖，全省將用五年時間實現(xiàn)有線電視村村通和村村有文化活動室。而隨著江蘇廣電城、南京圖書館新館以及各地一批博物館、圖書館、體育館等標志性文化建筑的相繼開工、落成，一個覆蓋全省、惠及全民的公共文化服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正日臻完善。

Cultural progress benefits Jiangsu rural people

Social and cultural establishments in East China's Jiangsu Province have witnessed rapid growth in recent years，thanks to the efforts and policies the provincial government has made to stimulate the ethical and cultural progress to contribute to the overall development of a harmonious society．

Two weeks ago in Northwest Jiangsu's Liangfanpeng Village，the villagers were enjoying an open show of digital movie that was provided by the movie screening team of the town，which is located in Fengxian，a county in Northwest Jiangsu．The clear-cut footage as well as the six sound tracks produced very good sound effect，making the villagers thrilled to their utmost．In the nearby village of South Lidalou，Tang Huaihai，a local farmer，was excited to watch cable TV at home for the first time．Tang had something more to feel satisfied．He was connected to broadband Internet service，enabling him to do fruit trade and other businesses without leaving home．In the week before the Spring Festival，he sold 150，000 kg of early apple online．

More and more farmers in Jiangsu Province are enjoying the benefits brought about by cultural progress．In 2006，an additional 500，000 farming households were accessible to cable TV，broadband Internet service and free digital movie．Such cultural establishments are now available to 80%of the entire farming households in the province．Governments at the provincial，city and county levels have earmarked a total of 400 million yuan subsidies to make sure that social and cultural establishments in rural Jiangsu are ready and handy．Backed up by the strong financial assistance，township cinemas and rural movie shows have witnessed a remarkable rebound，compared with what were the case years ago．Local performing troupes are visiting villages to entertain the farmers in various forms．

With effective measures and favorable polices，216 township cultural stations had been set up across the province by the end of last year．The money spent in this regard amounted to 170 million yuan．In the next five years，the province will make sure that all the villages in the province have access to cable TV and each village has its own cultural center．New museums，new libraries and new stadiums are expected to spring up to boom the cultural sector and contribute to the harmonious development of the province．

新聞報道翻譯實例二

一季度我省農(nóng)民現(xiàn)金收入同比增長14.8%

【口導(dǎo)】記者今天從江蘇調(diào)查總隊獲悉，今年以來我省農(nóng)民收入繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)快速增長態(tài)勢。前三月，全省農(nóng)民人均現(xiàn)金收入2 584元，比去年同期增長14.8%。工資、家庭經(jīng)營和財產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移性收入成為拉動增長的顯著亮點。

【配音】調(diào)查顯示:一季度，江蘇農(nóng)民工資性收入增長較快，本地務(wù)工收入貢獻明顯，全省農(nóng)民人均工資性收入1 603元，增長15.1%。其中本地務(wù)工收入增長了16.6%，其增加額占工資性收入增加額的59.0%;今年一季度，江蘇農(nóng)民在外出打工人數(shù)繼續(xù)保持一定程度增長的同時，外出就業(yè)勞動力素質(zhì)明顯提高，由此帶來的外出務(wù)工收入同比增長12.2%，增長較快。數(shù)據(jù)表明，一季度我省農(nóng)民外出就有60.6%的勞動力受過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，較上年同期增加了6.2個百分點。與此同時，外出務(wù)工工資水平有所增加，熟練工工資更高，增長幅度更大。

前三月，我省農(nóng)民家庭經(jīng)營性收入穩(wěn)步增長，人均家庭經(jīng)營收入同比增長13.8%。其中“一產(chǎn)”增長9.5%，“二產(chǎn)”增長19.5%，“三產(chǎn)”增長了16.5%，二三產(chǎn)業(yè)增收額占家庭經(jīng)營收入增加額的66%。牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品價格大幅上漲推動農(nóng)民“一產(chǎn)”收入明顯提高。一季度，江蘇牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品價格延續(xù)去年下半年強勁反轉(zhuǎn)勢頭，與去年一季度的低谷價位相比漲幅高達18.0%，其中生豬價格同比上漲22.1%，肉禽、禽蛋價格同比上漲7.2%和14.0%，帶動了農(nóng)民牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品出售收入回升的局面。

此外，農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)性和轉(zhuǎn)移性收入較快增長，同比增長16.8%。受宏觀經(jīng)濟大環(huán)境及農(nóng)民多年收入較快增長的影響，農(nóng)民生活改善后相關(guān)消費上升也帶動了農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)營建筑業(yè)、交通運輸業(yè)以及批零貿(mào)易餐飲業(yè)等行業(yè)的加快發(fā)展，農(nóng)民從家庭經(jīng)營非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)中得到的收入明顯增加。江蘇部分地區(qū)，特別是城市周邊地區(qū)，除了從外出務(wù)工、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)和種植養(yǎng)殖、家庭工業(yè)等方式獲得收入以外，一些富裕起來的農(nóng)民利用現(xiàn)有土地、房屋、資金等從事非生產(chǎn)性投資獲得的財產(chǎn)性收入成為都市周邊農(nóng)民增收的新亮點。

Jiangsu farmers see steady income rise in Qtr.1

Farmers in East China's Jiangsu Province have seen a sustained and fast growth in their income．During the first quarter of 2007，per capita income of the province's farmers reported 2，584 yuan，up by 14.8%year-on-year．Key indexes such as wages and other types of earnings grow continuously at the same time．

Sources said Jiangsu farmers'per capita income jumped by 15.1%in the first quarter to 1，603 yuan，of which farmers employed in local enterprises reported an increase of 16.6%，topping 59.0%of the total increased value．Besides，the farmers hired out of their hometowns have seen a boom both in quantity and quality．As a result，the total income rose by 12.2%at the same time，also contributing a lot to the total increased value．60.6%of the province's migrant workers have received specialized training，up by 6.2 percent on a yearly basis．Meanwhile，the wage level of migrant workers has also increased，of which the experienced workers'wage is higher．

In the first quarter，rural areas across Jiangsu saw a steady growth in per capita family income from businesses，up by 13.8%year on year．Among them，incomes from the primary industry，referring to agriculture，grew by 9.5%，those from the secondary industry，namely，the processing industry，by 19.5%，and earnings from the tertiary industry，that is，the service sector，by 16.5%．The secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 66%of the increased family incomes．An obvious increase in prices of livestock products boosted up the whole primary industry．Since the later half of 2006，the prices of livestock commodities have been rising by 18.0%in the first quarter，compared with the same period of last year when the prices dropped to a bottom．Of them，the pork price went up by 22.1%，and prices for poultry and the eggs by 7.2%and 14.0%respectively．

In addition，Jiangsu farmers saw moderate income rise from their properties and non-farming trades，up by 16.8%on an annual basis．The national economic boom also spurred the development of such non-farming trades as household-run building business，transportation，retailing and catering businesses．Besides，the farmers also obtained earnings from their non-productive investment in their properties．

新聞報道翻譯實例三

我省農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移出現(xiàn)新特點

【口導(dǎo)】來自省統(tǒng)計部門的最新資料顯示，2007年我省農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移呈現(xiàn)出“就地轉(zhuǎn)移步伐加快”、“返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)猛增”等新特點。

【配音】截至2007年底，全省農(nóng)村勞動力累計轉(zhuǎn)移人數(shù)達1 660.85萬人，其中新增轉(zhuǎn)移52.04萬人。與往年相比呈現(xiàn)三個特點:一是就地轉(zhuǎn)移速度加快，勞務(wù)輸出放緩。2007年就地轉(zhuǎn)移總量達到833.96萬人，較年初增長2.6%。二是三大區(qū)域亮點紛呈。蘇南在就地轉(zhuǎn)移為主、異地轉(zhuǎn)移為輔的大格局下，勞動力由低層次向高層次、由農(nóng)村向城市和國外轉(zhuǎn)移的步伐加快。蘇中露“拐點”，新增轉(zhuǎn)移中就地轉(zhuǎn)移占55.2%，超過了異地轉(zhuǎn)移。蘇北出現(xiàn)就地轉(zhuǎn)移和勞務(wù)輸出比翼雙飛的局面，新增轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力中，就地轉(zhuǎn)移達到33.6%，較上年提高8.6個百分點。三是返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭較好。2007年全省返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)人數(shù)達到2.85萬人，比上年增加0.16萬人，創(chuàng)辦各類企業(yè)9 029個。

More farmers choose to make fortune in their hometowns

More and more farmers in East China's Jiangsu Province were choosing to make their fortune in their hometowns in 2007 rather than heading out for jobs in faraway cities，as was indicated by the figures released by the provincial statistics authority recently．

Around 17 million rural laborers provincewide were channeled to nonagricultural sectors by the end of 2007，half a million more over the previous year．

More surplus labors in the countryside were transferred to local industrial enterprises while the speed of labor services export slowed down．In 2007，over 8 million rural laborers got employed in local non-agricultural sectors，up 2.6 percent year on year．

South Jiangsu，the economic powerhouse of the province，showed unique characteristics in its labor transfer last year．Labor resources in this region rapidly flew from rural to urban and foreign areas，and meanwhile，from low to high levels．Central Jiangsu saw more laborers transferring to local businesses than to firms in other provinces in 2007．The northern region，however，reported a good momentum of growth in both local transfer and labor services export．33.6 percent of all the laborers transferred found jobs in local enterprises last year，up 8.6 percent from 2006．

In addition，statistics indicate a total of 28，500 people returned home starting up businesses in Jiangsu during 2007，a gain of 1，600 on a yearly basis．Over 9，000 enterprises were set up provincewide．