第九節(jié)　被動語態(tài)的翻譯

被動語態(tài)是英語中較為常見的語法現(xiàn)象，與英語其他語法范疇（如時、體、數(shù)等）一起作用構(gòu)成英語語言本身的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和規(guī)范性。與漢語在此語法范疇上的特點(diǎn)相比，被動句在英語中占優(yōu)勢地位，這是由英語語言自身的特點(diǎn)以及說話人語言使用習(xí)慣上的特點(diǎn)所造成的。被動語態(tài)在商務(wù)英語中的應(yīng)用也很廣，尤其是在商務(wù)英語信函與合同中。在商務(wù)信函中，被動語態(tài)使語氣委婉、禮貌；在商務(wù)合同中，被動語態(tài)使合同的語氣更客觀、公正。由于語言表達(dá)上的差異，在翻譯商務(wù)英語信函和合同時，一般把被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語的主動形式，并在措詞和結(jié)構(gòu)上加以把握，從而既保留原文的語用意義，又使譯文通順流暢。

【例60】At the heart of the system—known as the multilateral trading system—are the WTO’s agreements， negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations， and ratified in their parliaments.

譯文：世貿(mào)組織被認(rèn)為是多邊貿(mào)易體制的代表，其核心是世貿(mào)組織的各項協(xié)定。這些協(xié)定是由世界上絕大多數(shù)國家和地區(qū)通過談判達(dá)成并簽署的，并經(jīng)各成員立法機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)。

【例61】It is stipulated that foreign investment in a joint venture shall not be， in general， less than 25％ of the authorized capital.

譯文：按照規(guī)定，合資企業(yè)中的外資一般不得少于額定資本總額的25％。

【例62】Your confirmation on this point would be appreciated.

譯文：若貴方給予確認(rèn)，我方將不勝感激。

【例63】I am requested by the Purchasing Department of our company to inform you that digital cameras ordered from your company has not yet been delivered.

譯文：我公司采購部請我通知貴公司，我方從貴公司訂購的數(shù)碼相機(jī)至今未見貨。

【例64】All disputes arising from the execution of，or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultation between both parties.In case no settlement can be reached，the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.

譯文：因執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭議，雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決。協(xié)商仍不能達(dá)成協(xié)議的，則應(yīng)提交仲裁解決。

值得注意的是，在英語中有一些固定的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成漢語時已成定式。例如：

It is found that… 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)

It is assumed that…假定

It must be stressed that…必須著重指出

It is generally considered that…大家普遍認(rèn)為

It must be admitted that…必須承認(rèn)

It is reported that…據(jù)報道

It is supposed that…假定

It is expected that…人們希望

It is hoped that…希望

It is believed that…人們認(rèn)為

It is felt that…人們感到

It is stipulated that…按照規(guī)定

It should be noted that…應(yīng)當(dāng)指出

It is said that…據(jù)說

It is well known that…眾所周知

It is understood that…大家明白

It will be seen from this that…由此可見

It cannot be denied that…無可否認(rèn)

It has been proved that…業(yè)已證明

It is asserted that…有人主張

It can be foreseen that…可以預(yù)料

但有時候英語被動句也譯成漢語被動句。

【例65】If the scheme is approved， work on the project will start immediately.

譯文：如果方案被批準(zhǔn)了，這項工程將立即動工。

【例66】He was dismissed by the boss of the factory.

譯文：他被工廠的老板開除了。

有些英語的被動語態(tài)譯成中文時，可以按中文的習(xí)慣加上諸如“受……、給……、讓……遭到……、把……、使……、由……、為……所……、用……、靠……、予以……”等詞，構(gòu)成漢語的被動句。

【例67】The finished products must be carefully inspected before delivery.

譯文：成品在出廠前必須予以仔細(xì)檢查。