◆第一章◆　四級(jí)作文的考試要求及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

一、考試要求

英語四級(jí)作文要求考生30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇120～180字的短文。題材上：注重現(xiàn)實(shí)性，即貼近大學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)以及未來工作、人生等方面的態(tài)度和看法；另外，社會(huì)正在發(fā)生的熱點(diǎn)事件、社會(huì)變化發(fā)展進(jìn)步的熱點(diǎn)問題也是四級(jí)作文題常常涉及的題材。類型上：議論文、說明文、記敘文和應(yīng)用文。出題形式：其一是給出中文或英文提綱，要求考生根據(jù)中文或英文提綱提示完成文章的謀篇和寫作，一般為說明文或議論文；其二是給出一個(gè)特定情境，如朋友受傷、招收新學(xué)員、張貼海報(bào)等，要求考生就特定情境進(jìn)行描述即記敘文或應(yīng)用文。這種出題方式由于有提綱的提示，只要考生能夠按照提綱展開論述，一般較為容易把控。但是值得注意的是最近的四級(jí)作文題卻只給出英文題目和一個(gè)相關(guān)材料，如幽默論述、名人名言、圖畫或者是一些觀點(diǎn)，讓考生給予評(píng)論，沒有提綱提示，因此對(duì)學(xué)生的審題和謀篇提出了更高的要求。

二、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

大學(xué)英語考試作文題采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（Reward Scores），而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。具體來說就是從內(nèi)容和語言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體，作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而確切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

例如：

2012年6月四級(jí)作文

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Excessive Packaging．You should writeat least120 wordsand you should base your composition on the outline（given in Chinese）below：

1）許多商品都存在過度包裝的現(xiàn)象

2）出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因及其帶來的后果

3）為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為……

14分　切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)誤。

These days，many kinds ofgoods tend to be excessively packaged，especially gifts．People seem to be more and more attracted to the beautiful decorations，rather than the commodity itself．Theremay be several reasons for this phenomenon．

Firstly，many consumers are not sensible enough．They are easily captured by the nice appearance of the goods they intend to buy．So the salesmen take it as a way to attract their potential consumers．Secondly，and more importantly，people today buy things not only for themselves，but also for their leaders，workmates，or friends．In this case，the quality and practical uses of the goodsmay give way to nice-looking packaging．

As far as I’m concerned，excessive packaging is really an unnecessary waste．It is of no practical use，and people always throw its package away at once．So it is quite urgent to curb this kind of phenomenon．For the consumers，they need to be more sensible．And for manufacturers，what they should do is not attract people with useless decorations，but provide commodities of better quality．

11分　切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。

Nowadays，a lot of goods are excessively packaged．For example，it’s reported that for mostmooncakes，the packaging cost is farmore expensive than the product itself．

The shopping preference of customers is to blame．Businessmen are aware that quite a few customerswould like to buy products that look attractive，so theymake their best satisfying the desire．Moreover，some people use the excessively packaged products as gifts，so in their minds，themore expensive the packaging is，the better they will impress the receivers．All of these lead to over-packaging．

Inmy opinion，excessive packaging is such a waste．It will benefit nobody at all but do harm to the environment．Excessive packaging requires lots of natural resources，butwhen it is thrown away，itgoes back to the environmentas pollution．So Istrongly support the government releasing banning law on this issue．Besides，we customers should change our shopping taste for a green one．When there is no need，there is no production．

8分　基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

Recently，there are many goods are excessively packaging in the shops and markets，Especially the peoplewould like to celebrate traditional festivalsmore andmore．And the goods aremore excessive packaged．

So，why do we always see the excessive packaging？I think it is up to us．Today，the development ofour society arewitnessed by ourselves．Peoplewould like to see beautiful things and royal things．That is themain reason why the excessive packaging appears everywhere．On the other hand，the sellers wants to sell good price so they package the goods excessive that they can havemoremoney．

In my opinion，the excessive packaging is a normal thing．People like beautiful and expensive packaging to give to their families and friends．Because it looks like very good，the peoplewho you give would feel happy．But we should save somemoney．If everyone wants to savemoney，will the excessive packaging appear？

5分　基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。

There is a question thatmany things have been packaged more than which there need today．Such as ourmoon cakes，comic books．People put them in many boxes which colorful．These boxes are unnecessary．This problem called an excessive packaging．

As we know，colorful and pretty things can always getmore people attention and prefer．The thingswe boughtwhich havemore package，we think these aremore expansive and have morewealth．To people’s need，we make the package heavier and heavier．Times by，the package ismore than it excessive actually．

This question can causemany problems like environment pollution．Becausewe need trees tomake boxeswhich used to package．As long as I think，we buy things justwant to get them work，many packages are unnecessary．If we can stop excessive packaging，the envirnment problem will less and less，we will use few money also．

2分　條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

Now，the Excessive packagingmore thing．I think people looking this excessive packaging is because they love beautiful．So they thinkmustwill excessive packaging．

But I think this is a mistake．Because people will that notmust excessive packaging．I belive they alway look self misstake．But they sometimes not think．Because they has more money，they not can thismoney．If they has smallmoney，that alway ismustmoney．

So，theyself look is amoremoney or smallmoney question．But，that ismisstake．Because they if looking theyself feel，not looking people feel，that they will not can people love．They will not can country love．

But I think，if they can’t excessive packaging，that they will can people and country love．So，when they has on excessive packaging，they can more people love．

In the end，I think people can’t havemisstake．

總結(jié)：高分作文得分點(diǎn)

內(nèi)容切題，主題明確，詳略得當(dāng)

樹立框架意識(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰完整

文字連貫，段與段的銜接自然流暢

表達(dá)清楚，句式多變（如：長短句配合，主被動(dòng)、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)等特殊句型靈活運(yùn)用）

語言運(yùn)用有亮點(diǎn)（遣詞造句，修辭手法，名言警句等）