2　四級作文題型分析及套用格式

議論文和說明文兩者關系密切，有時一篇文章同時體現(xiàn)兩種文體的特點。因此，此處根據(jù)歷年的四級作文題把這兩種題材又細分為以下幾類：

1)闡述兩種不同的觀點并點明自己的觀點； 2)支持/反對某種觀點； 3)闡明優(yōu)缺點/利弊； 4)回答/解決問題。以下具體介紹了各種體裁并就各種體裁提供了可套用的一些寫作模式，謹供同學們參考。

(1)闡述兩種不同的觀點并點明自己的觀點

套用格式一：

When it comes to the question of...，different people have different ideas.(在第一段中點明這篇文章所有講述的問題。而針對這個問題，每個人又有不同的觀點。)Some people think that....(用這句話來提出一種觀點)However，some other people don't agree.(用這個轉折句來引出另外不同的觀點)For them...(指的是for some other people，對另外一些人來說，他們?yōu)槭裁从胁煌庖娔?對第二種不同的觀點稍微細節(jié)性的加以解釋)

(第一段中開門見山，告訴大家關于為什么有兩種不同的觀點。在接下來的進一步解釋中，應該對兩種不同的觀點加以細節(jié)性的解釋。)

(接下來分兩段)

The former group of people holds that...(前者認為……).The latter group of people believe that...(對第二種觀點進行詳細地解釋)

在介紹了兩種不同的觀點后，通常情況下文章的outline可能要求說：結合自己，談談你自己對這個問題的看法。

As for me，I think...

總結這種格式如下：

第一段中開門見山，告訴大家關于什么有兩種不同的觀點。

第二、三段在接下來的進一步解釋中，應該對兩種不同的觀點加以細節(jié)性的解釋。

最后一段結合自己，談談你自己對這個問題的看法。

套用格式二：

Some people believe that....They claim that....(第一段中詳細地加以解釋第一種人的觀點是什么。通過they claim that進行對他們的觀點的詳細介紹。)

Other has the opposite opinion.They hold that...(第二段.第一句話用于承上啟下的作用。這段主要將第二種觀點：用hold that對第二種人的觀點進行詳細的介紹。)

As far as I am concerned，I...(最后一段總結，談談自己的觀點)按照此種格式套用的四級作文原題：

Reading Selectively or Extensively

When it comes to the question of how reading should be conducted，different people have different ideas.Some people think that there are more advantages to reading selectively.However，some others don't agree.For them，there are more benefits in reading extensively.

The former group of people holds that one should read selectively，choosing the materials that are useful.They base their ground on the fact that the time and energy of person is limited while knowledge is infinite.We can't expect to absorb all kinds of knowledge in our lifetime.The limited time and energy should be used in the most selective way.Reading selectively can help to achieve such a goal.

The latter group of people holds that knowledge of all kinds will in one way or another benefit us.Thus we should try to take in as much knowledge as possible through reading extensively.

As for me，there are advantages both to reading selectively and to reading extensively.Whether we should read selectively or extensively depends on our purposes of reading and reading materials.

經典句型庫

1

There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of...Some people think that...But others think otherwise.As far as I am concerned，I prefer/favor/am in favor of the former/latter to some extent.

When asked about...，most people say that...But many other people consider that...I personally think that...

2

When it comes to...，some people think that...Others argue that the opposite is true.There is probably some truth to both arguments，but...

Each of us places weight on different factors.Some may value...，while many others would probably choose...

3

As a proverb goes，“one man's meat is another man's poison，”everyone has his individual opinion/preference.

4

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing...They point out the fact that....they also argue that....However，other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do....They firmly point out that....An example can give the details of this argument....There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of...overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects，it also may...

(2)闡明優(yōu)缺點或利弊

套用格式一：

Nowadays many people prefer....There seems to be many obvious advantages to...(講出來這樣一種狀況、現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象是很多人喜歡什么東西。之所以喜歡是因為它有優(yōu)點)

(在這之后，展開對優(yōu)點的介紹)First...Second...Third...

(在介紹了優(yōu)點之后，過渡到他的弊端的介紹)Good as...is，it has its disadvantages，too.For example，it can...

(最后總結)To conclude，there are both advantages and disadvantages to...What we should do is to....(在第一句總結之后，接下來是你對這個問題的正確的態(tài)度、正確看法)

套用格式二：

(第一段對advantage進行介紹)...has become quite popular among people at present.There are some reasons for their choosing...First...second...third...(第一段中點名這種現(xiàn)象，以及出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因)

(第二段用一個過渡句過渡到他的弊端)There are two sides to a coin.(用這句話過渡，之后展開對disadvantage的介紹)While...helps us in...，it also has its shortcomings.(一方面它可能會幫我們……，但是它同樣還是有它的缺陷的)

(最后一段總結正確的態(tài)度應該是……)Therefore，the right attitude toward....should be...

例文：

The Two-Day Weekend

1.雙休日給學生帶來的好處；

2.雙休日給學生帶來的問題；

3.我應該怎樣過好雙休日。

Nowadays students in China can enjoy two-day weekends.There seems to be many advantages to having two-day weekend instead of the one-day weekend we used to have.We have longer time for recreation，hobbies，meeting friends，participating in various social activities，etc.

Good as two-day weekend is，it has its disadvantages too.If we don't use it properly.During the two-day holiday，some students may waste their time watching TV，playing card games or computer games.Some other may spend a greater part of the holiday in outdoor activities that they don't have enough time to have a good rest，which would certainly interfere with their study in the next week.

To conclude，there are both advantages and disadvantages to the two-day weekend.What I plan to do in the two-day weekend is to have a good rest first，and then spend some of the time on some healthy activities.

經典句型庫

1

Like all things in the world，...also has two-side effects.One is beneficial/positive effect，and the other is harmful/negative effect.

2

Everything including...has its advantages and disadvantages.The advantages of...are too obvious to be ignored....Of course，the disadvantages are not to be neglected，...But as a whole，it has more advantages than disadvantages.

3

On one hand，...yields beneficial results，while on the other hand，it creates problems which threaten...

4

Opposition voices point to drawbacks such as...Supporters，on the other hand，contend that the disadvantages...

5

But I should say that the pros outweigh the cons.

6

According to what has been mentioned above，the disadvantages obviously offset the advantages.Therefore，it is not desirable to...

(3)支持或反對某種觀點

給出一種觀點，讓你支持或者反對。

套用格式：

When talking about...，some people are of the opinion that...(首先在第一段中就指出來這種觀點，不管是讓你反對還是支持它)。以“Do lucky number really bring good luck?”這個四級題目為例，When talking about lucky numbers，some people are of the opinion that lucky number can really bring us good luck.(接下來直截了當?shù)財[出自己的論點，進行支持/反駁。)

There is some point in what these people say.But I have reasons to hold a different opinion.My reasons for disagreeing/agreeing with these people are as following.這段話當中表明為什么要支持這種觀點或反對這種觀點，隨后進行一個總結。

(第二段中陳述支持或是反對的理由)First...(Topic sentence+details).Second...Third...(注意每一個理由都應該是由一個主題句再加上支撐這個主題句的細節(jié))

(最后一段總結，再一次強調自己的態(tài)度)To conclude，my personal view on this issue is.../From what has been pointed out alone，it is clear that...(綜上所述，我們可以很清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)……)

Does Lucky Number Really Bring Good Luck?

Many people say that lucky number can bring people good luck.They will always tell you their personal experience to confirm such a belief.

However，I have reasons to hold a different opinion.For me，there is no relationship between numbers and good luck.For example，according to believers in lucky number，the numbers 6 and 8 will always bring you good fortune.But in real life，businessmen having 6 or 8 in their telephone numbers or in their license code sometimes do have the bad fortune of becoming bankrupt or having a road accident.For me，whether one can have the so-called good luck or not depends not on lucky number but on some other facts，for example，hard work，shrewd judgement etc.

To conclude，I absolutely agree with the view that lucky numbers can bring good luck.

經典句型庫

1

Many people argue that...By saying that，they mean...An example they have presented is that...

2

There might be some element of truth in these people's belief.But if we consider it in depth，we will feel no reservation to conclude that...There are a number of reasons behind my belief.

(4)回答或解決問題

問題的提出方式可以有兩種：用How提問和用what提問。

How型套用格式：

In recent years....has aroused an increasing number of people's attention.

Statistics show/indicate that....(第一段提出問題)

There are three factors that contribute to the phenomenon.First of all...，second，...The last...(第二段分析問題)

Therefore，people should take effective measures to....on one hand；we can...on the other hand...Only in this way can we gradually...

(最后在分析完問題后通常是解決問題)

經典句型庫

闡述問題

1.The problem of...has recently been in the limelight(引人注目的中心).

2.Whether...，or not has long been a debatable question/a hot issue.

3.There are a lot of problems people face，among which perhaps the most critical one is that of...

4....has become one of the major headaches that we have to cope with.

5.Never before in history has the issue of...been more evident than before.

6....has increasingly become a common concern of the public.There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.

7....has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life，which has been articulated in the following aspects.

解決問題

1.Only in this way can we claim the ultimate victory over the battle.

2.To solve this problem，many proposals have been made.Some people suggest that...Others advise that...Still others argue that...

3.We should take further steps to encourage/stimulate/prevent...

4.If effective measures are to be taken to...

5.A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent...from bringing us more harm.

How型例文

Generation Gap

1.代溝形成的現(xiàn)狀和原因；

2.解決途徑。

Nowadays，there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children，which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that 75%of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned.

Why has there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children.Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that the generation，having grown up at different times，have different likes and dislikes，thus disagreement often rises between them.Besides，due to having little in common about，they are not willing to sit face to face.The third reason is that as modern life becoming faster and faster，both of them are so busy with their work and study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas.To main cause of generation gap is due to lack of communication and understanding each other.

It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing children respect their parents.On the other hand，parents should show solid their children.All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.

What型格式

What型問題作為題目，都是讓大家介紹一種具體事務。是解釋我的答案是什么，而不是如何做什么。比如四級原題My Most Favorite Program就相當于What is you favorite program?是屬于典型的what型作文類型。

套用格式

What is my most favorite program?If you ask me this question.My answer is...

(第一段具體提出這個問題，用what提問的句子來做作文題目的時候，在第一段通常要求把what的答案告訴大家。What..?For me，the question to this question is...)

There are some reasons for why I choose such an answer.First...Second...Third...

(第二段中列出我之所以選擇這個答案的原因)

To conclude，movie channel is my favorite program.It can provide me a lot of information about...(最后一段總結)

My Most Favorite Program

What is your most favorite program?For me，the answer to this question is“tell it as it is”on CCTV.

There are some reasons for why I choose such an answer.First，topics in this program are closely related to our daily life.As we are familiar with what is being talked about，we can“participate in”it，if not as guests on the program，at least we can discuss with friends after watching.Second，the hose to the program always produce some penetrating and cunning remarks，which makes the program very lively.Third，guests invited the program are common folks.It is to hear what people like you and me see things.

To conclude，movie channel is my favorite program.It can provide me a lot of information about...