◆第二章◆　四級(jí)作文的句法

一篇高分的四級(jí)作文從句法角度講一般具有以下特征：無錯(cuò)句或錯(cuò)句極少，表意清晰，用詞地道準(zhǔn)確。在此基礎(chǔ)上，句式多變，善于運(yùn)用各種地道表達(dá)是高分作文最明顯的特征。從歷年考生的四級(jí)作文出錯(cuò)的地方來看，主要涉及以下方面：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性的誤用，主謂一致問題，搭配錯(cuò)誤，連接詞不當(dāng)，中文式英語等；而將11～14分段作文和8分段的作文相比較，句子差別不僅在于語病的多與少，而且在于語言的優(yōu)美度和地道性。因此，從句子層面來看，考生不僅應(yīng)該注意避免出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的語病，而且應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)優(yōu)化句子，多體會(huì)優(yōu)美的英語句子所呈現(xiàn)出的句法特征并反復(fù)模仿和練習(xí)寫這些句子，提高自己的造句能力。

Exercise one

請改正下列句子中常見的錯(cuò)誤。

1．Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worldswhich he has known previously．

2．Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a high personalmatter．

3．There aremany people don’t agree．

4．Ifwe can do like this，wewill success in the future．

5．A dormitory often lives 4 students．

6．The fresh water，it is themost important things of the earth．

7．To do well in college，studying hard is essential．

8．Why college students spend more and more time in playing computer games？

9．Now 500 yuan can buy a second-hand computer．

10．The prices of the food are too expensive．

11．I like chatting on line verymuch，Igo to the net bar every weekend．

12．The reason formy sister’s failure is because she hate studying．

13．Toomany tests are disadvantageous for students’study．

14．The driver stoped the taxi so abruply that his head was hit against the window．

15．Some people decide to stop smoking，they don’twant to die of lung cancer．

16．By comparison，nuclear power has some distinct advantages．Such as it is clean and cheap．

17．Although a smile shows happiness in most cultures．In some it may be a sign of embarrassment．

18．In my opinion，Ibelieve the freemedical system is in need of reform．

19．Nowadays young people who seek to go abroad are becomingmore andmore．

20．As is known to all that China has the largest population in theworld．

ExerciseT o

請優(yōu)化以下句子，使之更加連貫，更加優(yōu)美。

1．While we reduced the number of vehicles，the speed of traffic can be increased．

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2．People not only want to eat enough food，but also want to eat better．

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3．People try to find a solution to solving the problem．

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4．In class the teacher usually teaches us how to use English usage．

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5．This causes the white pollution to our environment．Plastic bags cannot disappear by natural decompositon．So it is very harmful．

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6．When people’s lives are threatened by firecrackers，they do become unwelcome things．

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7．Those in favor ofuniversitymarriage argue thatwe should give college students the right to getmarried since they are adults．

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8．All this shows one thing，that is，they don’t know the fact that it is not an easy thing for their parents to support their higher education．

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9．Thank you verymuch for the invitation to your wedding．I cannot accept it because…

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10．Teenagers are pressured by school work．They are also encouraged by their peers．So they resort to smoking．Sometimes they feel a little guilty．

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總的來說，一篇好的四級(jí)作文必須注意避免寫錯(cuò)句，同時(shí)多積累優(yōu)美地道的表達(dá)方式（詳見附錄4），并能夠領(lǐng)會(huì)不同的表達(dá)方式，反復(fù)練習(xí)體會(huì)，逐步提高自己的遣詞造句能力。