(一)社會保障專題傳譯練習

1．請完整聽一遍短文

中國的社會保障制度

中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，人口眾多，經濟發(fā)展起點低，完善社會保障體系的任務十分艱巨和繁重。中國的社會保障體系包括社會保險、社會福利、社會救助和住房保障等。社會保險是社會保障體系的核心部分，包括養(yǎng)老保險、失業(yè)保險、醫(yī)療保險、工傷保險和生育保險。

中國政府不斷完善養(yǎng)老保險制度。中國已經進入老齡社會，老齡化速度快，老年人口規(guī)模大，本世紀30年代人口老齡化將達到高峰。為保障老年人的基本生活，維護老年人的合法權益，中國政府改革基金籌集模式，建立多層次養(yǎng)老保險體系，努力實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老保險制度的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

中國政府還加快建立和完善失業(yè)保險制度，保障職工失業(yè)后的基本生活，幫助失業(yè)人員實現(xiàn)再就業(yè)，推進國有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障制度向失業(yè)保險并軌。2003年年底，全國參加失業(yè)保險的人數(shù)達1.0 373億，全年共為742萬失業(yè)人員提供了不同期限的失業(yè)保險待遇。

中國政府還在全國推進城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險制度改革。2003年年底，全國參加基本醫(yī)療保險的人數(shù)達1.0 902億，其中參保職工7 975萬人，退休人員2 927萬人。國家于1988年開始在部分地區(qū)推行生育保險制度改革。截至2003年年底，全國參加生育保險的職工有3 655萬人;全年共有36萬名職工享受生育保險待遇。

中國政府積極推進社會福利事業(yè)的發(fā)展，通過多種渠道籌集資金，為老年人、孤兒和殘疾人等群體提供社會福利。

中國政府積極推進以住房公積金制度、經濟適用住房制度、廉租住房制度為主要內容的城鎮(zhèn)住房保障制度建設，不斷改善城鎮(zhèn)居民的住房條件。到2003年年底，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均住房建筑面積達到23.7平方米。

中國政府一直在積極地推進農村社會保障體系的建設。中國的農村人口占全國人口的大多數(shù)，經濟發(fā)展水平較低。受歷史傳統(tǒng)文化影響，農村具有家庭供養(yǎng)、自我保障、家族互助的長期傳統(tǒng)。根據農村經濟社會發(fā)展的特點，國家在農村實行與城鎮(zhèn)有別的社會保障辦法。

總之，加快完善社會保障體系，是中國政府全面推進小康社會建設的一項重要任務。在未來的歲月里，中國人民將進一步從國家的發(fā)展進步中獲益，必將享有更豐厚的物質文明成果。

(改編自白皮書《中國的社會保障狀況和政策》，2004年9月)

2．聽錄音，在停頓處開始傳譯

　中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，人口眾多，經濟發(fā)展起點低，完善社會保障體系的任務十分艱巨和繁重。

　中國的社會保障體系包括社會保險、社會福利、社會救助和住房保障等。社會保險是社會保障體系的核心部分，包括養(yǎng)老保險、失業(yè)保險、醫(yī)療保險、工傷保險和生育保險。

　為保障老年人的基本生活，維護老年人的合法權益，中國政府改革基金籌集模式，建立多層次養(yǎng)老保險體系，努力實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老保險制度的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

　中國政府還加快建立和完善失業(yè)保險制度，保障職工失業(yè)后的基本生活，幫助失業(yè)人員實現(xiàn)再就業(yè)，推進國有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障制度向失業(yè)保險并軌。

　受歷史傳統(tǒng)文化影響，農村具有家庭供養(yǎng)、自我保障、家族互助的長期傳統(tǒng)。根據農村經濟社會發(fā)展的特點，國家在農村實行與城鎮(zhèn)有別的社會保障辦法。

3．答題要點

　熟悉文本類型和相關句子結構，加強對源語文本的理解。本篇短文屬事實陳述文本類型。主旨突出(介紹中國的社會保障制度)，邏輯清晰(文本開始——中國社會保障體系覆蓋的主要方面，文本發(fā)展——對中國的社會保障體系進行較為詳細的介紹，文本結尾——對中國社會保障體系的希望和信心)，句子結構較為簡單，語言簡潔、易于理解。

　掌握與社會保障專題相關的知識與術語表達，如社會保險(social insurance)，社會福利(social welfare)，社會救助(social relief)，住房保障(housing services)，養(yǎng)老保險(old-age insurance)，失業(yè)保險(unemployment insurance)，醫(yī)療保險(medical insurance)，工傷保險(work-related injury insurance)，生育保險(maternity insurance)，住房公積金制度(the system of publicly accumulated housing funds)，經濟適用住房制度(the system of generally affordable and functional housing)，廉租住房制度(the low-rent housing system)等。

　傳譯時，語音應清晰，語調應自然，英文表達應流暢，應學會控制聲音質量，不要過尖、過高或過于低沉。

4．參考答案

Social Security System in China

China is the biggest developing country with a large population in the world，and its economic base is weak，therefore，establishing a sound social security system in China is an extremely arduous task．China's social security system includes social insurance，social welfare，social relief and housing services，etc．As the core of the social security system，social insurance includes old-age insurance，unemployment insurance，medical insurance，work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance．

The Chinese Government has continuously improved the old-age insurance system．China is now an aging society．As the aging of the population quickens，the number of elderly people is becoming very large．This trend will reach its peak in the 2030s．To guarantee the basic living standards of the elderly and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests，the Chinese Government reformed the fund-raising mode in an attempt to establish a multi-level old-age insurance system marked by sustainable development．

The Chinese Government is speeding up the development and improvement of an unemployment insurance system to guarantee the basic livelihood of employees after they lose their jobs，to help them find new jobs，and accelerate the combination of the basic livelihood guarantee system for people laid off from state-owned enterprises with the unemployment insurance．By the end of 2003 there were 103.73 million people who participated in the unemployment insurance scheme，which provided unemployment insurance benefits of varying time limits to 7.42 million laid-off employees throughout the year．

The Chinese Government has been promoting a national reform of the basic medical insurance system for urban employees．By the end of 2003，some 109.02 million people around China had participated in the basic medical insurance program，including 79.75 million employees and 29.27 million retirees．In 1988，the state introduced a reform of the maternity insurance system in some areas．At the end of 2003，there were 36.55million employees covered by maternity insurance．In the year of 2003，360，000 employees received maternity insurance benefits．

The Chinese Government actively promotes the development of social welfare，raising funds through various channels to provide social welfare benefits for the elderly，orphans and the disabled．

The Chinese Government actively promotes the development of an urban housing security system which includes mainly the system of publicly accumulated housing funds，the system of generally affordable and functional housing，and the low-rent housing system for the purpose of unremittingly improving urban residents'housing conditions．By the end of 2003，the average floor space had reached 23.7 sq m per capita for urban residents．

The Chinese Government has been promoting social security in rural areas．The majority of the Chinese people live in rural areas，where the economic development level is comparatively low．In the rural areas，under the influence of China's traditional culture，there is a time-honored tradition of provision by the family，security coming from selfreliance and help from the clan．In accordance with the characteristics of rural socioeconomic development，the state's social security measures in rural areas are different from those practiced in cities．

All in all，to press ahead with the improvement of the social security system is an important task for the Chinese Government in its efforts to build a moderately prosperous society in a comprehensive way．In the years to come，the Chinese people will benefit more from the nation's development and progress，and enjoy more plentiful fruits of its material civilization．