精品欧美无遮挡一区二区三区在线观看,中文字幕一区二区日韩欧美,久久久久国色αv免费观看,亚洲熟女乱综合一区二区三区

        ? 首頁 ? 理論教育 ?背景文化對翻譯意義

        背景文化對翻譯意義

        時間:2023-04-01 理論教育 版權(quán)反饋
        【摘要】:2.3 背景文化對翻譯意義背景文化知識對翻譯必不可少。該譯例中,對中藥文化背景的了解以及對英文詞意的準(zhǔn)確把握,有助于將“中草藥”這一文化詞語的信息正確傳遞給英文讀者。接下來,我們分析一下漢語典故和校訓(xùn)等充滿文化蘊(yùn)涵的詞語的翻譯?!懊簟弊衷谥形墓盼漠?dāng)中有多重含義,分別有聰明、敏捷或勤奮的意思。

        2.3 背景文化對翻譯意義

        背景文化知識對翻譯必不可少。以大家熟知的名言“禍兮,福之所依;福兮,禍之所伏”為例,其準(zhǔn)確的翻譯就需要對源語文化背景知識的深入理解。該句名言出自《老子·五十八章》,意思是禍與福互相依存,可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化。比喻壞事可以引出好的結(jié)果,好事也可以引出壞的結(jié)果。理解了原文出處和含義,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在下列的譯文中辜正坤先生的譯文和阿瑟·韋利(Arthur Waley)的譯文比較準(zhǔn)確達(dá)意。

        例10.禍兮,福之所依;福兮,禍之所伏。

        Disaster hides itself behind good fortune; good fortune leans against disaster.(辜正坤譯)

        It is upon bad fortune that good fortune leans, upon good fortune that bad fortune rests.(Arthur Waley譯)

        Misery! – Happiness is to be found by its side! Happiness! – Misery lurks beneath it!(James Legge譯)

        Misery, alas! rests upon happiness. Happiness, alas! underlies misery.(D.T.Suzuki &Paul Carus譯)

        Misery, alas, supports happiness. Happiness, alas, conceals misery.(Dwight Goddard & Henri Borel譯)

        Danger is the next door neighbor to security.

        Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.

        No weal without woe.

        Luck and misfortune comes in turn.(佚名譯者)

        再如,英國威爾士大學(xué)菲立普(Philips)教授來廣交會參觀,在中草藥廳看到“中草藥”被譯作“ crude medicine”時,建議改用“natural herbal medicine”。他解釋說,“ crude”一詞在英文里含有“not refined or manufactured(未提純的、粗糙的、未加工的)”的意思,如“原油”叫做“crude oil”。而且“crude”還有“not having grace, taste or refinement(粗鄙的、粗魯?shù)模焙汀皀ot finished properly, badly worked out(粗制濫造的、不完善的)”的意思,很容易給西方人一種不愉快的感覺。而實際上,廣交會上的中草藥(包括中成藥)很多是經(jīng)過精心加工制作而成的。該譯例中,對中藥文化背景的了解以及對英文詞意的準(zhǔn)確把握,有助于將“中草藥”這一文化詞語的信息正確傳遞給英文讀者。

        接下來,我們分析一下漢語典故和校訓(xùn)等充滿文化蘊(yùn)涵的詞語的翻譯。

        例11.行百里者半九十。

        原譯Half of the people who have embarked on a one hundred mile journey may fall by the way side.

        改譯If the journey is one hundred miles, traveling ninety is only half of it.

        2010年3月14日記者招待會上,溫家寶總理演講中出現(xiàn)許多中文典故,其中之一是“行百里者半九十”?,F(xiàn)場譯員將其譯為“Half of the people who have embarked on a one hundred mile journey may fall by the way side.”這是一則典型的由誤解原文且不關(guān)注口譯現(xiàn)場語境功能而引起的誤譯。

        “行百里者半九十”是中國古典名著《戰(zhàn)國策》中的一句名言。其原意如下:走了90%的路程也不過是走到一半——最后一段路總是最艱難的。吳光華編撰的《漢英大辭典》中將其英譯如下: to cover 90 percent of one’s destined distance brings the traveler no farther than the midway point – the last part of an endeavor is the hardest to finish; A thing is not done until it is done; One must sustain one’s effort when a task is nearing completion; The ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey – the going is toughest towards the end of a journey.該譯例說明學(xué)習(xí)中國典籍、了解文化背景知識對相關(guān)材料漢譯英的重要性。

        例12.信敏廉毅

        原譯credibility, keenness, honesty and perseverance

        改譯credibility, industry, integrity and tenacity(編者譯)

        “信敏廉毅”是江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)的校訓(xùn),改譯原因主要基于該校訓(xùn)背景及相關(guān)經(jīng)典詞語的文化背景。

        “敏”字在中文古文當(dāng)中有多重含義,分別有聰明、敏捷或勤奮的意思。《論語·述而第七》有云:“子曰:‘我非生而知之者,好古,敏以求之者也?!边@句話中,“敏”的含義是指勤奮好學(xué)的美德。江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)校園網(wǎng)(http://www.jxufe.cn/zym/xgxx.htm)上校訓(xùn)旁也赫然顯示著對校訓(xùn)的進(jìn)一步詮釋:“信而達(dá)禮,敏而好學(xué),廉而知恥,毅而彌堅”,并表明:“‘敏’,勤勉也,指勉力以求學(xué)?!舳脤W(xué),不恥下問’。意在倡導(dǎo)江財人以‘敏學(xué)為基’,養(yǎng)成良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,掌握好的學(xué)習(xí)方法,提升知識,服務(wù)社會?!绷硗?,筆者認(rèn)為,校訓(xùn)著重強(qiáng)調(diào)的是培養(yǎng)人的美德,而不是突出人的聰穎天資。綜上所述,筆者認(rèn)為該校訓(xùn)中將“敏”譯為industry(勤奮)比譯為“keenness(聰敏)”更合適些。“廉”字譯為“honesty”意義略嫌單薄,故筆者將其改為“integrity”?!耙恪弊肿g為“perseverance”譯意已然準(zhǔn)確,而筆者將其改譯為“tenacity”,主要是為了照顧英譯詞發(fā)音的音韻,使得校訓(xùn)四個詞都有同樣的韻尾,讓校訓(xùn)更加朗朗上口,便于記憶。

        最后,我們看看中英宗教文化的異同在語言中的體現(xiàn)和如何在翻譯中貫通的一個例子。

        例13.勤修戒定慧,熄滅貪嗔癡。

        重慶杜甫草堂旁一大石上刻著警醒世人的佛教用語:“勤修戒定慧,熄滅貪嗔癡?!逼渲械摹敖涠ɑ邸笔欠鸾趟霌P(yáng)的,“貪嗔癡”是佛教所唾棄的。

        而基督教經(jīng)典《圣經(jīng)》中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)這樣的字眼:Discipline,stability/composure/calmness,wisdom,greed,anger,folly。例如,《舊約》(The Books of the Old Testament)中的《箴言》(Proverbs)這一章的開場白在陳述箴言的目的和主旨說道:“要使人曉得智慧和訓(xùn)誨,分辨通達(dá)的言語,使人戒律嚴(yán)明,謹(jǐn)慎處事,讓人領(lǐng)受智慧、仁義、公平、正直的訓(xùn)誨,使愚人靈明謹(jǐn)慎,使少年人有知識和謀略,使聰明人得著智謀,給敏銳善斷的人以指導(dǎo),使世人明白箴言和比喻,懂得智慧人的言辭和謎語?!保ㄔ摱尾糠种形臑榫幷吒淖g)(原文:“for attaining wisdom and discipline; for understanding words of insight; for acquiring a disciplined and prudent life, doing what is right and just and fair; for giving prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the young – let the wise listen and add to their learning, and let the discerning get guidance – for understanding proverbs and parables, the sayings and riddles of the wise.”) 《箴言》第三章給青年人的忠告中寫道:“……得智慧、得聰明的,這人便為有福。因為得智慧勝過得銀子,其利益強(qiáng)如精金,比紅寶石寶貴,你所求的一切,都不足與其比較。她右手有長壽,左手有富貴。她的道是安樂,她的路全是平安。她與持守她的人作生命樹,持定她的人俱各有福。”(該段部分中文為編者改譯)(原文:“...blessed is the man who finds wisdom, the man who gains understanding, for she is more profitable than silver and yields better returns than gold. She is more precious than rubies; nothing you desire can compare with her. Long life is in her right hand, in her left hand are riches and honor. Her ways are pleasant ways, and all her paths are peace. She is a tree of life to those who embrace her; those who lay hold of her will be blessed.”)這兩段箴言都特別強(qiáng)調(diào)知識智慧、戒律操守給人帶來平安樂福。

        美國開國元勛之一本杰明·富蘭克林在自傳中描述其自我戒律時曾寫道:...I used sometimes a little prayer from Thomson’s Poem, viz.

        Father of light and life, thou Good Supreme!

        O teach me what is good; teach me Thyself!

        Save me from folly, vanity, and vice,

        From every low pursuit; and fill my soul

        With knowledge, conscious peace, and virtue pure;

        Sacred, substantial, never-fading bliss!

        (Franklin 1982:80)

        該段祈禱語祈求上蒼將自己從“愚癡、虛榮、罪惡”(folly,vanity,and vice)中拯救出來,并賦予自己“知識智慧、寧靜祥和、純潔美德”(knowledge, conscious peace, and virtue pure)。

        由上述可見,佛教和基督教訓(xùn)誡的基本理念有相通之處。有鑒于此,漢譯英時譯者可以選用英語讀者熟悉的基督教常用語來翻譯中文的佛教用語,從而更加便捷到位地向目標(biāo)語讀者傳輸源語宗教文化信息。故原文可采用下述參考譯文:

        Constantly attaining discipline, conscious peace and wisdom; while abolishing greed, anger and folly.

        免責(zé)聲明:以上內(nèi)容源自網(wǎng)絡(luò),版權(quán)歸原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原創(chuàng)版權(quán)請告知,我們將盡快刪除相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

        我要反饋