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        ? 首頁 ? 理論教育 ?英譯漢模擬題

        英譯漢模擬題

        時間:2023-04-05 理論教育 版權(quán)反饋
        【摘要】:第四章 模擬實踐4.1 漢譯英模擬題4.1.1 散文模擬練習1最令人怵目驚心的一件事,是看著鐘表上的秒針一下一下地移動,每移動一下就是表示我們的壽命已經(jīng)縮短了一部分。因為時間即生命。一句如照搬漢語結(jié)構(gòu)則可能導致譯文頭重腳輕,應(yīng)采用強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)做適當改變。“充實”、“不虛此生”等詞可不拘漢語字面意義,避免直譯硬譯。此時更是樂不可支了。

        第四章 模擬實踐

        4.1 漢譯英模擬題

        4.1.1 散文

        模擬練習1

        最令人怵目驚心的一件事,是看著鐘表上的秒針一下一下地移動,每移動一下就是表示我們的壽命已經(jīng)縮短了一部分。再看看墻上掛著的可以一張張撕下的日歷,每天撕下一張就是表示我們的壽命又縮短了一天。因為時間即生命。沒有人不愛惜他的生命,但很少有人珍視他的時間。如果想在有生之年做一點什么事,學一點什么學問,充實自己,幫助別人,使生命成為有意義,不虛此生,那么就不可浪費光陰。這道理人人都懂,可是很少有人真能積極不懈地善于利用他的時間。我自己就是浪費了很多時間的一個人。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自梁實秋的散文《時間即生命》第一段。作者從時間和生命的一去不回中聯(lián)想到自己年輕時的虛度年華,并借此給予讀者堅持運動、保持健康的忠告,言之殷殷、情之切切可見一斑。原文語言流暢平實,意義連貫自然,在翻譯中應(yīng)注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和主干結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇,以及英文用詞的地道貼切。

        (1)第一段中“一下一下”的翻譯應(yīng)與“秒針”聯(lián)系起來,并在時態(tài)的選用上突出時間的流動性。

        (2)前兩句的翻譯可采用英語排比句傳遞其對稱性,或利用likewise等表達法避免單調(diào)重復。

        (3)“如果……”一句如照搬漢語結(jié)構(gòu)則可能導致譯文頭重腳輕,應(yīng)采用強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)做適當改變。

        (4)“充實”、“不虛此生”等詞可不拘漢語字面意義,避免直譯硬譯。

        參考譯文:

        It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds,each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit.Likewise,with each page torn off the wall calendar,one’s life is shortened by one day.Time,therefore,is life.Nevertheless,few people treasure their time as much as their life.Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others,so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful.All that is foolproof,yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time.Personally,I am also a fritterer.

        模擬練習2

        到了更晚的時候,我走到坑邊,抬頭看到晴空一輪明月,清光四溢,與水里的那個月亮相映成趣。我當時雖然還不懂什么叫詩興,但也顧而樂之,心中油然有什么東西在萌動。有時候在坑邊玩很久,才回家睡覺。在夢中見到兩個月亮疊在一起,清光更加晶瑩澄澈。第二天一早起來,到坑邊葦子叢里去撿鴨子下的蛋,白白地一閃光,手伸向水中,一摸就是一個蛋。此時更是樂不可支了。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自季羨林的散文《月是故鄉(xiāng)明》。作者追憶孩提時代家鄉(xiāng)的月色和童年的純真歡樂,筆調(diào)純樸真摯,流露出對故鄉(xiāng)和童年的無限眷戀。原文句式松散自由,隨興而至,興盡而止,用詞恰如其分,鄉(xiāng)土氣息十足。翻譯中應(yīng)注意通過句式和結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,既使譯文符合英語的語法規(guī)則,又能傳遞原文的童蒙情感,在用詞上應(yīng)盡量貼近生活和口語。

        (1)“清光”、“相映成趣”、“油然”等詞在翻譯中應(yīng)以存意為重,無需過多藻飾,以免影響譯文整體風格。

        (2)究“萌動”之意,可兼有“萌發(fā)”、“不安”與“沖動”等若干層次,翻譯時請注意選詞。

        (3)文中若干次出現(xiàn)“坑邊”,應(yīng)為山東當?shù)貙μJ葦蕩或池塘的別稱,并非一般之“坑”。

        (4)透過“樂不可支”一詞,孩童之樂躍然紙上,應(yīng)結(jié)合語境選擇合適的英語表達。

        參考譯文:

        Later in the evening,I would walk to a pond,where I looked up at the moon in the sky,bright and clear,and down at the moon reflected,just as bright and clear,on the surface of the pond.Too young to know what a poetic mood was like,I was nonetheless so impressed by what I had seen that there seemed to be something stirring in my heart.On some days,I would play by the pond late into the night and then go home to sleep.And in my dream,I would see two moons,one on the top of the other,shining all the more clearly and splendidly.Early in the next morning,I would go to the pond to look for duck eggs in the reeds.Glistening,they were there for me to pick up.I was happy beyond words.(錢煒、林珍珍譯,略有改動)

        模擬練習3

        北京的冬季,地上還有積雪,灰黑色的禿樹枝丫叉于晴朗的天空中,而遠處有一二風箏浮動,在我是一種驚異和悲哀。

        故鄉(xiāng)的風箏時節(jié),是春二月,倘聽到沙沙的風輪聲,仰頭便能看見一個淡墨色的蟹風箏或嫩藍色的蜈蚣風箏。還有寂寞的瓦片風箏,沒有風輪,又放得很低,伶仃地顯出憔悴可憐模樣。但此時地上的楊柳已經(jīng)發(fā)芽,早的山桃也多吐蕾,和孩子們的天上的點綴相照應(yīng),打成一片春日的溫和。我現(xiàn)在在哪里呢?四面都還是嚴冬的肅殺,而久經(jīng)訣別的故鄉(xiāng)的久經(jīng)逝去的春天,卻就在這天空中蕩漾了。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自魯迅的散文《風箏》。作者年幼時逞威折毀弟弟心愛的風箏,成年后不禁追悔自己對于孩童玩耍天性的虐殺,曾試圖補救而不可得,只留下心頭無限悲哀與沉重。全篇彌漫著清冷的氣氛,句式和用詞均予人凝重凋零的印象,翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意選用稍長和稍正式的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以形成舒緩沉重的節(jié)奏,并使用具有恰當聯(lián)想意義的詞匯來傳達原文的意境。

        (1)對第一段的景致描寫的翻譯應(yīng)盡量簡潔直接,以傳遞原文開篇的氣氛。

        (2)第一句的“在我……”結(jié)構(gòu)并無英語對應(yīng)句式,應(yīng)設(shè)法意譯之。

        (3)“風輪”即風箏上被風驅(qū)動旋轉(zhuǎn)的風車或類似物體,并非手持之線軸(reel)。

        (4)散文中常見的無主語句在翻譯中應(yīng)注意添加主語。

        (5)“孩子們在天上的點綴”若直譯“點綴”一詞可能事倍功半,不妨意譯。

        參考譯文:

        A Peking winter dismays and depresses me:the thick snow on the ground and the bare trees’ashen branches thrusting up towards the clear blue sky,while in the distance one or two kites are floating.

        At home,the time for kites is early spring.When you hear the whirr of a wind-wheel,you raise your head to see a grey crab-kite or a soft blue centipede-kite.Or there may be a solitary tile-kite,without wind-wheel and flown too low,looking pathetically lonely and forlorn.By this time,though,the willows on the ground are putting out shoots,and the early mountain peaches have budded.Set off by the children’s fancy-work in the sky,together they make up the warmth of spring.Where am I now?All round me dread winter reigns,while the long-departed spring of my long-forgotten home is floating in this northern sky.(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

        模擬練習4

        是的,北平是個都城,而能有好多自己產(chǎn)生的花、菜、水果,這就使人更接近了自然。從它里面說,它沒有像倫敦的那些成天冒煙的工廠;從外面說,它緊連著園林、菜圃與農(nóng)村。采菊東籬下,在這里,確是可以悠然見南山的;大概把“南”字變個“西”或“北”,也沒有多少了不得的吧。

        像我這樣的一個貧寒的人,或者只有在北平能享受一點清福了。好,不再說了吧;要落淚了,真想念北平呀!

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自老舍的散文《想北平》。作者通過平實質(zhì)樸的語言袒露出對家鄉(xiāng)的濃濃眷戀之情。文章句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單隨性,用詞質(zhì)樸卻富有感染力,充滿了清晰真切的意象和真摯的情感。翻譯時應(yīng)注意對原文句式結(jié)構(gòu)進行適當?shù)恼{(diào)整,在意象的排列、典故的翻譯和生活化詞匯的選擇上也應(yīng)多做推敲。

        (1)“北平”為北京舊稱,可譯為“Peiping”。

        (2)“從它里面說”對應(yīng)下文的“從外面說”,翻譯時應(yīng)注意譯文的對照。

        (3)原文詩句的翻譯應(yīng)注意音節(jié)數(shù)量大致相等。

        (4)注意原文各句在翻譯時應(yīng)添加主語。

        參考譯文:

        The city of Peiping brings its residents into closer contact with nature by growing flowers,vegetables and fruit in large quantities.The city proper is not plagued by factory chimneys such as you find in London giving off volumes of smoke all day long.On the outskirts of the city lie numerous flower gardens,vegetable farms and villages.An ancient Chinese poet by the name of Tao Yuanming says aptly in one of his famous poems,“Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge,I calmly view the southern hills.”To adapt it to life in Peiping,I might as well substitute the word“western”or“northern”for the word“southern”in the line.Peiping is probably the only place for a man of limited means like me to live an easy and carefree life in.

        Now let me leave off writing,for I am on the point of shedding tears.How I miss Peiping!(張培基譯)

        4.1.2 論說小品文

        模擬練習1

        所謂誠其意者,毋自欺也。如惡惡臭,如好好色,此之謂自謙。故君子必慎其獨也。

        小人閑居為不善,無所不至,見君子而后厭然,掩其不善,而著其善。人之視己,如見其肺肝然,則何益矣?此謂誠于中,形于外,故君子必慎其獨也。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自孔子的《禮記·大學》。作者論述了做人應(yīng)有的自謙、慎獨、不自欺等必要品格,對比了小人和君子在這幾個方面的不同。原文屬文言文,翻譯時應(yīng)注意解讀文意,在正確理解意義的基礎(chǔ)上推敲實詞的詞性和虛詞的關(guān)聯(lián)作用,英譯時應(yīng)注意調(diào)整句式結(jié)構(gòu)、增添主語和連接詞。

        (1)“誠”、第一個“惡”與“好”、“慎”等詞實為動詞。

        (2)“好色”、“自謙”的意思均與現(xiàn)代意義不同,應(yīng)為“美好(的事物)”和“心地坦蕩,不虧心”,翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意。

        (3)“君子”與“小人”是典籍中常見的二元化和標簽式的人物形象,翻譯時也應(yīng)處理成相應(yīng)的效果。

        (4)理解“無所不至”時應(yīng)聯(lián)系上文的“為不善”這一行為,翻譯時可以將“無所不至”處理成副詞或其他修飾成分。

        (5)“中”與“外”分別指“內(nèi)心”和“外在表現(xiàn)”。

        參考譯文:

        What is meant by“making the thoughts sincere”is the allowing no self-deception,as when we hate a bad smell,and as when we love what is beautiful.This is called self-enjoyment.Therefore,the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.There is no evil to which the mean man,dwelling retired,will not proceed,but when he sees a superior man,he instantly tries to disguise himself,concealing his evil,and displaying what is good.The other beholds him,as if he saw his heart and reins;—of what use is his disguise?This is an instance of the saying:“What truly is within will be manifested without.”Therefore,the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.(James Legge譯)

        模擬練習2

        由小學到中學,所修習的無非是一些普通的基本知識。就是大學四年,所授課業(yè)也還是相當粗淺的學識。世人常稱大學為“最高學府”,這名稱易滋誤解,好像過此以上即無學問可言。大學的研究所才是初步研究學問的所在,在這里做學問也只能算是粗涉藩籬,注重的是研究學問的方法與實習。學無止境,一生的時間都嫌太短,所以古人皓首窮經(jīng),頭發(fā)白了還是在繼續(xù)研究,不過在這樣的研究中確是有濃厚的趣味。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自梁實秋的《學問與趣味》。作者從世人對于學術(shù)研究的誤解談起,既慨嘆做學問不易,更流露出對學問的濃濃不舍之情。原文邏輯層層遞進,意義連貫流暢,用詞簡潔恰當。翻譯原文應(yīng)注意適當添加連接詞以保持譯文邏輯的連貫,比較長的句子應(yīng)使用從句或插入語來理清關(guān)系,并根據(jù)原文意思將長句適當分割。

        (1)請注意“知識”、“學識”和“研究”的遞進效果并在譯文中體現(xiàn)出來。

        (2)“學府”一詞在英語中缺乏對應(yīng)詞,不可根據(jù)字面直譯。

        (3)“過此上”指的是在大學學習之后,并不是指方位或等級。

        (4)“藩籬”指某一研究課題的外圍領(lǐng)域或粗略知識。

        (5)“皓首窮經(jīng)”中的“首”實指“頭發(fā)”,而“經(jīng)”則是泛指學術(shù)研究。

        參考譯文:

        Primary and secondary school will impart you only some rudiments of knowledge.Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too.A university has often been misleadingly referred to as“the highest seat of learning”,which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it.The research institute of a university,however,is the place for preliminary scholarship.But even there you get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice.Art is long,life is short.That’s why some of our ancients continued to study when they were hoary-h(huán)eaded.They were,of course,motivated by an enormous interest in their studies.(張培基譯)

        模擬練習3

        沒有一個人將小草叫做“大力士”,但是它的力量之大,的確是世界無比。這種力,是一般人看不見的生命力,只要生命存在,這種力就要顯現(xiàn),上面的石塊,絲毫不足以阻擋,因為它是一種“長期抗戰(zhàn)”的力,有彈性,能屈能伸的力,有韌性,不達目的不止的力。

        種子不落在肥土而落在瓦礫中,有生命力的種子決不會悲觀和嘆氣,因為有了阻力才有磨煉。生命開始的一瞬間就帶了斗爭來的草,才是堅韌的草,也只有這種草,才可為傲然地對那些玻璃棚中養(yǎng)育著的盆花哄笑。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自夏衍的《野草》,作者歌頌了平凡的野草所蘊含的蓬勃頑強的生命力和斗爭精神。文章風格質(zhì)樸直率,隨處可見的短句迸發(fā)出剛強有力的節(jié)奏感,用詞簡練。翻譯時應(yīng)注意一方面保持原有的修辭手法和句子長度,以傳遞原文的節(jié)奏感和力度,另一方面推敲原文用詞,使譯文所用的詞匯尤其是動詞和形容詞,在準確達意的同時更能產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的聯(lián)想效果。

        (1)“大力士”可采用西方神話典故中的人名直譯,也可意譯。

        (2)“力”是貫穿全文的核心詞,應(yīng)在“strength”、“force”、“power”及其他詞匯之間多比較琢磨。

        (3)翻譯第一段中的長句時應(yīng)根據(jù)意思的層次對其進行裁剪。

        (4)“長期抗戰(zhàn)”體現(xiàn)了作者賦予“野草”形象的時代寓意,翻譯時可適當保留。

        參考譯文:

        Though the little grass has never been compared to a Hercules,the power it produces is matchless in the world.It is an invisible lifeforce.So long as there is life,the force will show itself.The rock on top of it is not heavy enough to stop it,because it is a force that remains active over a long period of time,because it is an elastic force that shrinks and expands,because it is a tenacious force that will not stop until it achieves its end.

        The seed does not fall on fertile land but in debris,instead.The seed with life is never pessimistic nor crestfallen,for,having overcome resistance and pressure,it is tempered.Only the grass that has been fighting its way out since its birth is strong and tenacious and,therefore,it can smile with pride at the potted plants in glassed green houses.(劉士聰譯)

        模擬練習4

        我覺得讀書好比串門兒——“隱身”的串門兒。要參見欽佩的老師或拜謁有名的學者,不必事前打招呼求見,也不怕攪擾主人。翻開書面就闖進大門,翻過幾頁就升堂入室;而且可以經(jīng)常去,時刻去,如果不得要領(lǐng),還可以不辭而別,或者另找高明,和他對質(zhì)。不問我們要拜見的主人住在國內(nèi)國外,不問他屬于現(xiàn)代古代,不問他什么專業(yè),不問他講正經(jīng)大道理或聊天說笑,都可以挨近前去聽個足夠。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自楊絳的《讀書苦樂》。作者以輕松幽默的筆調(diào)抒發(fā)了閱讀中的甘苦體會,用生活化的語言和類比將不同的閱讀體驗形象地講述了出來。原文句式結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、用詞平易,但意象豐富,文學味很濃,并不容易翻譯。翻譯中應(yīng)注意對原文的無主句進行調(diào)整,并適當采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和反譯的方法,使譯文的句式結(jié)構(gòu)更符合英語習慣。

        (1)“串門兒”是漢語俗語,翻譯中可意譯,也可尋找英語俗語中相應(yīng)的表達方式。

        (2)“隱身”在文中并不能理解成“看不見”的意思,放在上下文中推敲,可知“隱身的串門”實際上便是漢語中的“神遇”或“神交”,即精神交流。

        (3)“參見”和“拜謁”都是正式場合用詞,翻譯時應(yīng)注意表現(xiàn)出這一層意思。

        (4)“升堂入室”、“不辭而別”和“另找高明”在字面意思之外都有較深的聯(lián)想和暗示意味,翻譯時應(yīng)當在達意的基礎(chǔ)上兼顧這些意味。

        (5)最后一句的句式如照搬進譯文,勢必導致譯文頭重腳輕,因此需要比較大的調(diào)整。

        參考譯文:

        I would compare reading to visiting friends—in the spiritual rather than physical sense.Visiting a well-respected teacher or paying homage to a renowned scholar doesn’t necessarily require appointment in advance and we won’t feel as if we were disturbing him.Opening the book is like getting into the door uninvited;and turning a few pages,we may find ourselves in his study.Besides,we can go visit him as frequently as we want and at any time we wish.If we fail to get the pith of his argument,we can just leave without saying“good-bye”or turn to someone else for help,and come back to challenge him.We can get close to the host and listen to every word he has to say,no matter where he resides,at home or abroad,what a person he was or is,a contemporary or a man of the past,whatever field he specializes in,or whether he is talking about a serious subject of importance or simply chatting plus cracking jokes.(史志康譯)

        4.1.3 說明文

        模擬練習1

        歷史證明,在科學發(fā)展的過程中,一些杰出人物個人的作用不可忽視。杰出的科學家既為人類物質(zhì)文明作出貢獻,也以自己高尚的道德情操,為人類的精神文明增添寶貴的財富。愛因斯坦在評價居里夫人時說過,第一流人物對于時代和歷史進程的意義,尤其是在道德品質(zhì)方面,也許比單純的才智成就方面還要大。中國科學院院士是國家設(shè)立的科學技術(shù)方面的最高學術(shù)稱號,具有崇高的榮譽和學術(shù)上的權(quán)威性。老一輩院士大多是我國現(xiàn)代科學技術(shù)的開拓者和新中國科技事業(yè)的奠基人。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自周光召的《院士風采——中國優(yōu)秀科學家肖像、手跡集》序。作者以古往今來之歷史為據(jù),引用了科學巨擘的經(jīng)世名言,肯定了科學家對人類文明和社會進步所做出的貢獻,表達了對院士們的欽佩與崇敬。原文的風格和用詞都比較正式,句式結(jié)構(gòu)也相對復雜,翻譯時應(yīng)注意保持信息完整正確,句式結(jié)構(gòu)平衡嚴謹,符合英文規(guī)范。

        (1)“道德情操”即“道德修養(yǎng)”或“品格”,翻譯時應(yīng)以意譯為主,可譯為“integrity”。

        (2)人名、機構(gòu)名稱等專有名詞的翻譯應(yīng)采用公認和正式的譯法,力求準確。

        (3)“院士”一詞與“學院(Academy)”相關(guān),可譯為“Academician”。

        (4)“老一輩”應(yīng)指資歷和學問,而非年齡,因此翻譯時不可簡單套用為“older”。

        參考譯文:

        History bears proof that the prominent role the outstanding figures play in the advance of science should not be ignored.Distinguished scientists not only make contributions to the accumulation of material wealth with their scientific achievements,but also leave behind them rich cultural heritages with their exemplary integrity.In his appreciation of Madam Marie Curie,Albert Einstein once remarked:“It is the moral qualities of its leading personalities that are perhaps of even greater significance for a generation and for the course of history than purely intellectual accomplishments.”The Academician of the Chinese Academy of Science(Academia Sinicia)is the nation’s highest academic title granted by the Government in the field of science and technology,a title of great honor and academic authority.Most Academicians of the elder generation are pioneers of modern science and technology in China and founders of the scientific and technological cause of New China.(郭建中譯)

        模擬練習2

        但從80年代中期開始,隨著韓國隊的崛起,尤其是在女子項目上的一枝獨秀,中國隊只能是偶有佳績,成績起伏明顯,與韓國隊的差距不斷加大。那么,韓國因何一枝獨秀?韓國體育實行的也是“奧運戰(zhàn)略”,射箭中的反曲弓(deflex bow)是奧運項目,所以大力推廣;對于非奧運的復合弓(composite bow),則根本不開展。韓國的戰(zhàn)略是把奧運項目都交給各個財團去發(fā)展,國家體育主管部門只負責制定各個運動項目的宏觀發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。射箭運動就交給現(xiàn)代集團發(fā)展,該集團總裁鄭夢久曾擔當韓國射箭協(xié)會主席。這樣無論是培養(yǎng)運動員還是組織比賽,都有強大的財力保障。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自2001年9月《北京日報》。作者分析了中韓在射箭項目上產(chǎn)生差距的歷史因素。原文風格平實,句式結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單,大多使用生活詞匯,其間點綴一些專業(yè)術(shù)語和文學語言,翻譯難度不大,練習時應(yīng)注意長句的拆分和各句之間意義的連貫過渡。

        (1)“一枝獨秀”等成語在英譯中應(yīng)遵循意譯為主的原則,在意義準確的基礎(chǔ)上盡力保存其原有的文化內(nèi)涵和形象特色。

        (2)第一句較長,其中涉及兩個主語,可拆分成兩三個句子,或以復合句來翻譯。

        (3)第二句中的“韓國”實指“韓國隊”,翻譯時請注意。

        (4)“現(xiàn)代集團”有正式英譯名Hyundai,不可音譯或直譯,韓國人名在譯入英語時,原則上也應(yīng)盡量遵循其正式譯名,如鄭夢九(久)的正式譯名應(yīng)為“Chung Mong Koo)。

        (5)最后一句中的“這樣”一詞指代上句內(nèi)容,翻譯時注意代詞的選用。

        參考譯文:

        From the mid 1980s,however,our Chinese team could only win one or two of the medals,lagging farther and farther behind,with the burgeoning of South Korean archery teams,especially that of the women.So what has enabled the South Korean team to stand out?South Korea has instituted the strategy of medal winning at the Olympic Games,according to which deflex bow,an item of the games,has been greatly popularized and composite bow,not such an item,has been totally ignored.They entrust various financial groups with the growth of every sports team,with the state sports bureau only in charge of the general strategy of all the items.Hyundai Group,for example,is responsible for the archery teams,and its president Chung Mong Koo once served as chairman of the National Archery Association.Backed up as such,they are financially guaranteed to train athletes and organize competitions.(李亞丹譯,略有改動)

        模擬練習3

        “跳竹竿”原是黎族一種古老的祭祀方式。數(shù)百年前,當黎族人經(jīng)過辛勤耕作,換得新谷歸倉時,村里男女老少就會穿上節(jié)日盛裝,家家戶戶炊制新米飯、釀造糯米酒,宰殺禽畜,祭祀祖宗和神靈。酒酣飯飽后,眾人就會來到山坡上,點燃篝火,跳起竹竿舞。竹聲叮咚,慶祝稻谷豐登,祝愿來年有更好的收成?!疤窀汀泵磕陱拈_春之日起,直至元宵,幾乎夜夜篝火通明,歡跳不息,熱烈氣氛充溢著山坡村寨。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自“百度知道”,揭示了“跳竹竿”這一黎族民俗的來歷,描繪了村寨節(jié)日社火的熱烈歡快景象。文章風格輕快活潑,不長的句子成分之間基本靠意思聯(lián)系起來,字數(shù)不多但意象豐富,信息量比較大。翻譯這段話的時候應(yīng)注意譯文句子應(yīng)在符合英語規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上盡可能保存原文信息和意象,同時注意選詞的準確。

        (1)“祭祀”一詞可譯為“memorial service”,若譯為“sacrifice”則偏重祭品,似不妥。

        (2)“換”字是原文出彩處之一,翻譯時可適當保留。

        (3)“酒酣飯飽”一詞為文學化語言,其中的“酒酣”與“飯飽”實為一義,翻譯時可全部譯出,也可做適當?shù)暮喕?,存其義即可。

        (4)同上,“竹聲叮咚”一詞中“叮咚”是一種文學筆法,翻譯該詞時宜說明“竹聲”,講清楚聲音的特點即可,不必過分追求完全再現(xiàn)擬聲效果。

        (5)“歡跳不息”中使用了漢語常見的夸張說法,社火必然有停息之時,翻譯時突出“歡跳”即可。

        參考譯文:

        This bamboo dance originates from Li people’s memorial services for their ancestors several hundred years ago.When they were rewarded with a bumper harvest after much toil,they used to have a grand celebration.They would dress themselves in bright-coloured clothes,cook newly collected rice,brew rice wine,and kill domestic fowl and animals as offerings for gods and their forefathers.After a big dinner,they would gather at mountain slopes for the bamboo dance.Around the bonfires and at the rhythmic and musical sound of the bamboo poles knocking,they danced merrily and anticipated another good harvest the following year.The game starting on the first day of spring would last fifteen days till the Lantern Festival.During the period the villages,lit up with bonfires every evening with people dancing and dancing,were immersed in a festival atmosphere.(李亞丹譯,略有改動)

        模擬練習4

        儀門隔墻上,各有刻石一方。東側(cè)是“關(guān)圣帝君像”,刻出關(guān)羽身跨赤兔馬,手提青龍偃月刀的威猛雄姿,上有“岳飛之印”,相傳是宋代抗金名將岳飛所作。西側(cè)為“關(guān)帝詩竹”刻石,畫面上勁竹隨風搖曳,竹葉組成一首詩:“不謝東君意,丹青獨立名,莫嫌孤葉淡,終久不凋零。”左上角有“漢壽亭侯印”。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自《印象洛陽》中的“關(guān)林”一章,介紹了關(guān)林廟之格局、歷史和傳說故事。節(jié)選部分采取移步換景的手法,從儀門而入,將視線聚焦在隔墻刻石上,將形象和神韻再現(xiàn)于讀者眼前。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,文字精練,但包含大量典故和文學形象。要準確譯入英語并不輕松。翻譯時應(yīng)注意盡可能保存原文信息和形象,同時提供西方讀者不熟悉的典故的背景知識。

        (1)翻譯專有名詞或原文抄錄并加引號的內(nèi)容時,應(yīng)首先分析其所含的意義,然后盡可能保存其完整信息,如“關(guān)圣帝君像”中的三層含義“關(guān)羽”為名、“圣帝君”為尊號、“像”為物品名稱。

        (2)“赤兔馬”和“青龍偃月刀”如為文章主要信息,則在翻譯中可采取加注、括號、插入語等方式保存其典故信息,若其在句中屬于附加成分,則一般采取意譯的方法,避免譯文過于復雜。

        (3)“勁竹”中的“勁”并不是指力量強弱,而指精神或態(tài)度,同“疾風知勁草”中的“勁”字。

        (4)說明文中詩歌的翻譯可以達意為主,將詩情和信息傳遞出來即可,并在此基礎(chǔ)上盡可能保存原詩形象和相似的韻律效果。

        參考譯文:

        On the walls that separate the doors of the Ceremony Gate,there are two stone sculptures.On the east side is“the Sculpture of Guan Yu,the Saint Emperor”in which Guan Yu rides horseback,full armored and armed with the legendary saber.The impression of the seal at the end of the sculpture reads“the Seal of Yue Fei”which could,with some reason,attribute the sculpture to Yue Fei,the famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty.On the west side is another sculpture which depicts unyielding bamboos standing against the gust.The bamboo leaves form a poem which could roughly be understood as“Your favor and love I can take not,/As my draws tell what should be sought./The leaf may be lonely and poor,/But never will you make it fall.”At the upper-left corner of the sculpture lies an impression of the seal which reads“The Duke of Shou Ting”.(曾喆譯)

        4.1.4 記敘文

        模擬練習1

        楚莊王蒞政三年,無令發(fā),無政為也。右司馬御座而與王隱曰:“有鳥止南方之阜,三年不翅,不飛不鳴,嘿然無聲,此為何名?”王曰:“三年不翅,將以長羽翼;不飛不鳴,將以觀民則。雖無飛,飛必沖天;雖無鳴,鳴必驚人?!碧幇肽?,乃自聽政。所廢者十,所起者九,誅大臣五,舉處士六,而邦大治。

        難點注釋:

        原文選自《韓非子·喻老》。作者講述了楚莊王“不鳴則已,一鳴驚人”的典故,其間大臣設(shè)喻提問,君王作比而答,饒有趣味。與論說文模擬練習1相同,本文涉及對文言的正確解讀和意義擴充。翻譯方法上同樣需要注意調(diào)整句式結(jié)構(gòu),增添主語和連接詞。

        (1)“蒞政”與文末“聽政”互為照應(yīng),翻譯時注意區(qū)別。

        (2)“南方之阜”即“南方的山上”。

        (3)“翅”在文中為動詞,意思是“伸展翅膀”。

        (4)“廢”對應(yīng)“起”,均指政策的更替;“誅”對應(yīng)“舉”,均指政府人事的調(diào)整。

        參考譯文:

        It had been three years since King Zhuang of Chu ascended to the throne,but he had neither issued a decree nor dealt with any state affairs.Furthermore,there were no deeds worth mentioning.All the civil and military officials of the court couldn’t understand what was the matter.One day,a military official quietly asked King of Chu in the carriage:“Your Majesty,I heard that in the south,there was a big bird dwelling in the hills.Three years passed,it neither flew nor cried.Could Your Majesty tell me the reason?”King Zhuang of Chu smiled and answered:“It didn’t spread its wings to fly for three years in order to let the feather on its wings grow fuller.It didn’t cry for three years in order to carefully observe the condition of the people in the world.This bird,once it flies,will soar high to the sky;once it cries,it will startle the world with a single cry.”Half a year passed before King Zhuang of Chu began to personally administer state affairs.He abolished ten outmoded rules and regulations,issued nine new policies,sentenced five ministers to death for their evil deeds and promoted six persons with real talents.From then on,the State of Chu became stronger and stronger.(唐敦燕、蔡文謙譯)

        模擬練習2

        有一天,他忽然得了急病,趕快叫家人去請東街的汪醫(yī)生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去,一時尋不著東街的汪大夫,卻把西街牛醫(yī)王大夫請來了。差不多先生病在床上,知道尋錯了人;但病急了,身上痛苦,心里焦急,等不得了,心里想道:“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多,讓他試試看罷?!庇谑沁@位牛醫(yī)王大夫走近床前,用醫(yī)牛的法子給差不多先生治病。不上一點鐘,差不多先生就一命嗚呼了。

        差不多先生差不多要死的時候,一口氣斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地說道:“活人同死人也……差……差不多,……凡事只要……差……差……不多……就……好了,……何……何……必……太……太認真呢?”他說完了這句格言,方才絕氣了。難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自胡適的“差不多先生傳”,講述了一個杜撰出來的典型舊中國老百姓“差不多先生”令人啼笑皆非的一生。文章語言具有濃郁的近代中國的生活氣息,句子間依靠意思相互聯(lián)系,語意流暢自然,用詞樸實無華。原文理解難度不大,也沒有長句難句,因此應(yīng)將注意力放在保存原文幽默效果上。

        (1)“牛醫(yī)”即獸醫(yī),翻譯時可直譯為“醫(yī)牛的醫(yī)生”,也可意譯為“獸醫(yī)”。

        (2)“王大夫”與“汪大夫”的諧音效果是作者的安排,在音譯中如無法體現(xiàn),可考慮采用明晰化處理方法,在音譯姓名后加上其職業(yè)的特點。

        (3)“身上痛苦,心里焦急”是一組排比,在譯文中也應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)出這種并置效果。

        (4)“一命嗚呼”帶有貶義和俚俗色彩,翻譯時請注意詞語的選用。

        (5)文中之“格言”并非為世人所熟知的名言警句,作者用這個詞是為突出這條人生準則的荒謬與諷刺性,因此翻譯時可保留這一對比,采用極端正式的詞匯以形成諷刺效果,或意譯其“口頭禪”的本義即可。

        參考譯文:

        One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his family to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street.The latter went in a hurry,but couldn’t find the physician on East Street.So he fetched instead Veterinarian Wang of West Street.Mr.Cha Buduo,lying on his sickbed,knew that a wrong person had been brought home.But,with pain and worry,he could not afford to wait any longer.So he said to himself,“Luckily,Vet Wang is about the same as Dr.Wang.Why not let Vet Wang have a try?”Thereupon,the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow.Consequently,Mr.Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out.

        When Mr.Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last,he uttered intermittently in one breath,“Live or die,it’s about...a(chǎn)bout...the same...Whatever we do...it’s OK...to be...just...just about right...Why...why...take it...so seriously?”As soon as he finished this pet phrase of his,he stopped breathing.(張培基譯)

        模擬練習3

        那一年,是動亂的第二年吧,我被劃進了浩浩蕩蕩的黑幫隊伍里。那時的黑幫是多,可以整班整排地編制起來。我在那長長的隊伍里倒不害怕,覺得不孤單。怕的就是游斗汽車開到自己家門口,這一招太損了。嘿,越害怕還越有鬼,有一次汽車就真的開到了家門口。那八旬的老母親看見了汽車上的我,嘴抖了幾抖,閉上眼睛,扶著墻,身子像泥一樣癱了下去。妻子竟忘了去扶持母親,站在那兒,眼睛都直了,跟個傻子一般。

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自張林的《大錢餃子》。作者講述了動亂年代在家門口挨批斗的苦澀往事,文章以自述和回憶為主,點綴了對母親和妻子的描寫,語言風格樸實無華,對人物的刻畫細膩生動,用詞貼近生活。翻譯時應(yīng)注意一方面保持原文口語化、生活化的語言風格,另一方面注意對原文的句式結(jié)構(gòu)進行符合英語表達規(guī)范和習慣的再處理。

        (1)“黑幫”并非現(xiàn)代意義之“黑社會”,不可直譯為“Mafia”,而應(yīng)放在語境和歷史中,理解為“反動派”或“壞分子”等。

        (2)“整班整排”體現(xiàn)了典型的口頭語特點,可適當保留其“班、排”意象,也可以僅保留其“編制”的主要意義。

        (3)“損”是典型的漢語口語,表示“不光明正大,不公平”之意,翻譯時應(yīng)注意推敲。

        (4)“像泥一樣”中的比喻效果應(yīng)當在譯文中盡量保存下來。

        (5)“眼睛都直了”在英語中并無現(xiàn)成的完全對應(yīng)的詞,因此需要一定的意譯。

        參考譯文:

        In the second of those tumultuous years,I was labeled one of the “reactionary gang”.What I feared most was not being forced to queue up among this gang of so many,but the vicious practice of being publicly denounced on a truck in front of my own house.Well,fear or no fear,the lot fell on me soon enough.When the truck drove to the gate of my house,my mother,who was already in her eighties,spotted me on the truck.With lips trembling and eyes shut,she first leaned against the wall,then collapses,weak and limp,like soft mud on the ground.Meanwhile,my wife just stood there dumbfounded like a blockhead,forgetting even to help my mother up.(夏乙琥譯)

        模擬練習4

        學院請來一位洋教師,長得挺怪,紅臉,金發(fā),連鬢大胡須,有幾根胡子一直逾過面頰,挨近鼻子;他個子足有二米,每進屋門必須低頭,才能躲過門框子的攔擊,叫人誤以為他進門先鞠躬,這不太講究禮貌了嗎?頂怪的是,他每每與中國學生聊天,聊到可笑之處時,他不笑,臉上也沒表情,好像他不喜歡玩笑;可是有時毫不可笑的事,他會冷不防放聲大笑,笑得翻江倒海,仰面朝天,幾乎連人帶椅子要翻過去,喉結(jié)在脖子上亂跳,滿臉胡子直抖。常使中國學生面面相覷,不知這位洋教師的神經(jīng)是不是有點問題?

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自馮驥才的《西式幽默》。作者描述了中國學生初見洋教師后心中留下的古怪印象,通篇筆調(diào)輕松跳躍,人物刻畫細致入微,用詞準確地道,產(chǎn)生了濃郁的喜劇效果。

        (1)“連鬢大胡須”非尋常胡須,不可直譯為“beard”。

        (2)翻譯身高時,可直接用公制,也可遵循英語國家習慣,改以英制。

        (3)“不喜歡玩笑”的意思是指“無幽默感”。

        (4)“翻江倒海”指歡笑之狀,與“江海”無涉,因此翻譯時應(yīng)注意剔除不必要的信息。

        參考譯文:

        Our institute employed an English teacher.He looked very strange—red-faced,golden-h(huán)aired,with a thick growth of whiskers that reached all the way to the nose.He was really tall—no less than six-foot-five.When he came in through the door,he had to lower his head to avoid banging against the door frame.It looked as though he always bowed to you at the door and that was much too polite.What was more,he never laughed when he chatted with his Chinese students on amusing stories,nor did his face show any expression as if he knew no sense of humour.However,when it came to topics of the most dull nature,he would burst into uncontrollable laughter,roaring while rocking in his chair,almost falling flat on his back,his Adam’s apple dancing up and down in his throat and his whiskers fluttering all over his face.The students would then look at each other,wondering if he was in his right mind.(劉士聰譯)

        4.2 英譯漢模擬題

        4.2.1 散文

        模擬練習1

        The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment.I knew that if I didn’t go out,right then,and find a place to have dinner,I would hide in this cubicle my entire time in Paris.My dream would be foregone,and I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual.So I pulled myself together and went out.Evening in Paris was light and balmy.When I reached the Tuileries,I strolled along a winding path,listening to birds sing,watching children float toy sailboats in a huge fountain.No one seemed to be in a hurry.Paris was beautiful.And I was here alone but suddenly not lonely.My sense of accomplishment at overcoming my fear and vulnerability had left me feeling free,not abandoned.

        I wore out two pairs of shoes during my week’s stay in Paris.I did everything there was to do,and it was the greatest week of my European vacation.I returned home a believer in the healing power of solitary travel.Years later,I still urge divorcing or widowed friends to take their solo flight in the form of travel plans.

        難點注釋:

        這是一篇講述旅行對心靈慰藉作用的散文。作者獨自來到巴黎尋求精神的解脫,希望借此走出失敗的婚姻和孤獨的生活。雖然這段孤獨的旅行并非一帆風順,但她最后領(lǐng)略到了獨處的樂趣和旅行的快樂,完成了一段同樣美妙的心路歷程。翻譯時應(yīng)注意原文平實的用詞和流暢的語言風格,注意上下文的連貫。

        (1)第一段中的the most important thing,文中并未提供明確指代,因此需要推敲該段大意之后再行翻譯。

        (2)cubicle在文中意為“房間”,而非“立方體”。

        (3)solo flight本為飛行員培訓用語,意為“無教練陪同的第一次單獨駕機上天”,請結(jié)合其本意和文章大意進行翻譯。

        (4)請注意文中出現(xiàn)的若干地名的正式譯名。

        參考譯文:

        我人生的最大轉(zhuǎn)變就發(fā)生在那時的巴黎。我知道如果我當時關(guān)在屋里不出去走走,找個吃晚飯的地方坐坐,那么我在巴黎的全部時間就只會躲在這個小屋里,我的夢想就會像先前那樣破滅,而我也永遠不會作為一個單身的人去享受人生。于是我振作起來走出房間。巴黎的夜晚燈光輝煌,溫馨無限。我來到杜伊勒利宮,沿著蜿蜒的小路散步,傾聽著鳥鳴,注視著孩子們在一個大噴泉里漂放著玩具帆船……人人似乎都很悠閑自在。巴黎真美。此時的我雖然獨自一人,猛然間我卻并不感到孤獨。戰(zhàn)勝恐懼和脆弱的成就感讓我感到從未有過的舒暢,也不再有被拋棄的感覺。

        在巴黎的一周里,我竟然穿壞了兩雙鞋。能玩到的地方我都去了,那是我歐洲之旅最令我開心的一個星期。旅游歸來,我已對獨自出游所帶來的治愈力量深信不疑。數(shù)年后,我還去督促那些離婚或孤寡的朋友以獨自旅游的方式戰(zhàn)勝孤獨。

        模擬練習2

        We drove from house to house,knocking on doors,ready to begin our mission.I was filled with trepidation.Would families who had been devastated by floodwater want an Easter basket?The gesture was beginning to seem useless.“Hello,I’m Susan Moore,and this is my friend,Allison.My sixth-graders at Pennyroyal Elementary made Easter baskets for you when they heard about the flooding because they wanted to help.”

        Their faces lit up as they opened their gifts.As we entered one home,a husband and wife were crouched over their floor with hammer and nails.When he opened the box,he began to cry.“I can’t believe those kids did this.Let me give you some money for their school.”As I glanced at what was left of his home,I could not believe his generous spirit.He eventually conceded to write a thankyou note instead.One woman ran out to find us after opening her box,tears rolling down her face.“I collected bunny rabbits,and I lost them all in the flood.There was a small pink rabbit in my box.I can start my collection again.Thank you.”The burly man standing next to her also had tears in his eyes.

        My heart was warmed as I played the small role of messenger in this tribute to the good in the human spirit.So often we hear of the shortcomings of our youth,but these youngsters answered a cry for help and gave proof that generosity and love prevail.

        難點注釋:

        這是一篇講述人間溫情的散文。水災過后,杰克遜小鎮(zhèn)上的人們戰(zhàn)勝絕望,在復活節(jié)這天互相贈送禮物和祝福,為彼此帶來溫暖和希望。文章的用詞不難,但描寫細致入微,語言流暢生動,翻譯時請注意用詞不宜過于正式,并注意文中口語內(nèi)容的翻譯。

        (1)trepidation意為“緊張,不安”。

        (2)第一段中的gesture本意為“姿態(tài)”,但翻譯中應(yīng)注意這是一個特指詞,請在上下文中體會它的指代意義,盡可能準確地找到對應(yīng)的譯法。

        (3)messenger意為“信使”,文中譯法可稍作變異。

        (4)prevail是一個英漢翻譯中常見但難以與中文一一對應(yīng)的詞匯,翻譯時應(yīng)注意多推敲文意。

        參考譯文:

        我們驅(qū)車挨門逐戶拜訪,一家一家地敲門,準備開始我們的任務(wù)。我心中有些憂慮。這些被洪水毀壞了的家庭會接收復活節(jié)禮筐嗎?這些舉措顯得有些蒼白無力了?!澳愫?,我是蘇珊·摩爾,這是我的朋友艾利遜。我們潘尼羅耶小學六年級的學生聽說這兒發(fā)了洪水,特意為您制作了復活節(jié)禮筐,因為他們想提供幫助?!?/p>

        人們打開禮物時都露出欣喜之情。我們走入一戶人家,丈夫和妻子正蹲伏在地上,手里拿著錘子和釘子。丈夫打開盒子后,哭了起來?!拔艺娌桓蚁嘈胚@些孩子會這樣做。讓我拿些錢帶給他們學校?!蔽彝锟戳丝矗笏^后,家中財產(chǎn)所省無幾,他的慷慨之舉,令人難以置信。經(jīng)我們勸說,他最終同意不再捐錢,只寫了一封感謝信表達他的謝意。一位婦女在打開盒子后連忙追了出來,臉上流著淚:“我收集了許多小兔子,但在洪水中全丟了。你們送我的盒子里有一只小粉兔,我又可以重新開始收集了。謝謝你們!”站在她身邊那個魁偉的男人眼里也含著淚。

        此次,我不過是盡人性之善的使者,微不足道,但能盡微薄之力倍感溫謦。經(jīng)常聽到人們指責我們這代年輕人的缺點,但正是這些年輕人在天災之后,回應(yīng)了人們的求助,證實了人世間充滿了慷慨和愛心。

        模擬練習3

        Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision.We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent.We are traveling by train.Out the windows,we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways,of children waving at a crossing,of cattle grazing on a distant hillside,of smoke pouring from a power plant,of row upon row of corn and wheat,of flatlands and valleys,of mountains and rolling hillsides,of city skylines and village halls.

        But uppermost in our minds is the final destination.On a certain day at a certain hour,we will pull into the station.Bands will be playing and flags waving.Once we get there,so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle.How restlessly we pace the aisles,damning the minutes for loitering—waiting,waiting,waiting for the station.

        ...

        Sooner or later,we must realize there is no station,no one place to arrive at once and for all.The true joy of life is the trip.The station is only a dream.It constantly outdistances us.

        “Relish the moment”is a good motto,especially when coupled with Psalm 118:24:“This is the day which the Lord hath made;we will rejoice and be glad in it.”It isn’t the burdens of today that drive men mad.It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow.Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.

        難點注釋:

        節(jié)選的文本來自一篇思考人生目標和過程之不同意義的散文,作者承認人生有目標是一件好事,但更希望讀者能珍惜手邊的一切和當下的生活,體會生命過程中的意義。原文語言優(yōu)美流暢,意象豐富鮮明,文字簡潔有力。翻譯時應(yīng)當注意傳達原文娓娓道來的節(jié)奏感,還原文字的質(zhì)樸風格。

        (1)第一段idyllic意為“田園牧歌般的”。

        (2)第一段結(jié)尾長句中填充了豐富的意象,翻譯時應(yīng)注意在不打斷語流的前提下以名詞短語的格式將這些意象重現(xiàn)出來。

        (3)jigsaw puzzle意為“拼圖游戲”

        (4)outdistance在文中是一個動詞,應(yīng)推敲上下文找出最恰當?shù)闹形膩韨鬟_它的意思。

        (5)Psalm為《圣經(jīng)·詩篇》,翻譯時應(yīng)注意書名的格式寫法,并說清楚后面數(shù)字所表達的意思。

        參考譯文:

        我們的潛意識里藏著一派田園詩般的風光。我們仿佛身處一次橫貫大陸的漫漫旅程之中。乘著火車,我們領(lǐng)略著窗外流動的景色:附近高速公路上奔馳的汽車、十字路口處招手的孩童、遠山上吃草的牛群、源源不斷地從電廠排放出的煙塵、一片片的玉米和小麥、平原與山谷、群山與綿延的丘陵、天空映襯下城市的輪廓,以及鄉(xiāng)間的莊園宅第。

        然而我們心里想得最多的卻是最終的目的地。在某一天的某一時刻,我們將會抵達進站。迎接我們的將是樂隊和飄舞的彩旗。一旦到了那兒,多少美夢將成為現(xiàn)實,我們的生活也將變得完整,如同一塊理好了的拼圖??墒俏覀儸F(xiàn)在在過道里不耐煩地踱來踱去,咒罵火車的拖拖拉拉。我們期待著,期待著,期待著火車進站的那一刻。

        可是我們終究會認識到人生的旅途中并沒有車站。也沒有能夠“一到永逸”的地方。生活的真正樂趣在于旅行的過程,而車站不過是個夢,它始終遙遙領(lǐng)先于我們。

        “享受現(xiàn)在”這句箴言說得不錯,尤其是當它與《圣經(jīng)·詩篇》中第118頁24行的一段話相映襯的時候:“今日乃主所創(chuàng)造;生活在今日我們將歡欣、高興?!闭嬲钊税l(fā)瘋的不是今日的負擔,而是對昨日的悔恨及對明日的恐懼?;诤夼c恐懼是一對孿生竊賊,將今天從你我身邊偷走。

        模擬練習4

        There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations,who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive,she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.

        Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing.Life is not a spelling bee,where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right,you’re disqualified if you make one mistake.Life is more like a baseball season,where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance.Our goal is to win more games than we lose.

        When we accept that imperfection is part of being human,and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it,we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to.That,I believe,is what God asks of us—not“Be perfect”,not“Don’t even make a mistake”,but“Be whole.”

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自一篇講述如何面對人生中的缺陷與失意的美文。作者不認為人生是完美的,更不認為人生的意義在于追求完美,為此他提出了wholeness這個概念,這也是全篇妙處與翻譯的關(guān)鍵所在。原文語言風格含蓄優(yōu)美,句式結(jié)構(gòu)平實流暢,用詞上透出濃濃的生活氣息,翻譯時應(yīng)注意保存以上三個方面的風味,并在琢磨全文意義之后替wholeness一詞找到貼切恰當?shù)臐h語表達。

        (1)wholeness為全文翻譯之關(guān)鍵,文首文末均有照應(yīng),應(yīng)在通讀并理解全文之后翻譯。

        (2)第一段末尾a complete person不能簡單對應(yīng)漢語中的“完人”概念。

        (3)第二段第一句請注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。

        (4)spelling bee與漢語“蜜蜂”并無聯(lián)系,而是一種西方人生活中的常見活動,此處應(yīng)聯(lián)系后半句理解。

        (5)games在比賽中并非一場場的“賽事”,而是一場賽事中的若干“局”。

        (6)最后一段中rolling與aspire to是該句關(guān)鍵,請仔細推敲。

        參考譯文:

        人生的完整性在于知道如何面對缺陷,如何勇敢地摒棄不現(xiàn)實的幻想而又不以此為缺憾。人生的完整性還在于學會勇敢面對人生悲劇而繼續(xù)生存,能夠在失去親人后依然表現(xiàn)出完整的個人風范。

        人生不是上帝為譴責我們的缺陷而給我們布下的陷阱。人生也不是一場拼字游戲比賽,不管你拼出多少單詞,一旦出現(xiàn)了一個錯誤,你便前功盡棄。人生更像是一場棒球賽,即使最好的球隊也難免輸?shù)?/3的局點,而最差的球隊也有春風得意的日子。我們的目標就是多贏球,少輸球。

        當我們接受不完整性是人類本性的一部分,當我們在人生中不斷向前并能領(lǐng)略其間之美,我們就會獲得其他人僅能渴望的完整人生。我相信這就是上帝對我們的要求:不求“完美”,也不求“永不犯錯誤”,而是求得人生的“完整”。

        4.2.2 論說文

        模擬練習1

        If you don’t tell him,then he could be heading into a financial nightmare.If you do tell,you obviously break confidence with your company.Word may spread,panicking enough employees that you end up with a stampede to the exit door.The problem deepens if yours is a public company implementing layoffs because of a pending merger or acquisition that has yet to be announced.If the employee you tell gets wind of this news and acts on the information or passes it on to others who do,you might find yourself in a legal imbroglio because of violated securities regulations.

        It’s important to keep in mind that you’re unlikely to find a perfect fix for everyone.But you can manage the situation so that potential damage is minimized without having to break confidentiality or lie.The solution may be as simple as telling the employee that he should wait a couple of weeks and come back to talk to you then.If his follow-up question is whether a layoff is on the horizon,then it’s fair enough to tell him you can’t say one way or the other.The employee still may buy the house.And he may be furious with you.But doing the ethical thing is often difficult precisely for this reason:Rather than being able to please everyone,you’re trying to find a solution that’s fairest to all involved,including yourself.

        難點注釋:

        這是來自《財富》雜志2001年的一篇短小精悍的論說文,與該雜志一貫談?wù)摰慕?jīng)濟類專門話題不同,該文著眼于為處于兩難境地的企業(yè)中下層管理者提出人事管理的一條基本原則——公平原則。因此本文對處理日常的人際交往問題也不無借鑒。翻譯時應(yīng)注意用詞正式程度的變化和統(tǒng)一、語言的流暢和意義的連貫。

        (1)第一段中confidence意為“保密”,而非“信心”。

        (2)stampede to the exit door借用了野生動物的行為模式作喻,翻譯時可適當注意保留。

        (3)legal imbroglio意為“法律上的糾紛或混亂”。

        (4)第二段中的buy the house即文章開頭提到的“購房首付款”,請注意上下文的聯(lián)系。

        (5)結(jié)尾句為本文主旨,翻譯時應(yīng)注意譯文的力度和簡潔。

        參考譯文:

        如果你不告訴他真情,他就會陷入經(jīng)濟困境之中。如果你告訴他,顯然你對公司就不忠誠。消息一傳開,會驚動許多雇員,導致人人自危的恐慌結(jié)局。如果你的公司是一家上市公司,面臨合并或收購,并且即將實施裁員,而這些消息尚未公布,問題就更嚴重。如果你告訴的這個雇員聽到了風聲,采取相應(yīng)行動或者透露給他人,他人也采取行動的話,你可能會因此違反安全制度而陷入法律糾葛。

        請牢牢記住,你不可能為每一個人找到完美的解決辦法。但你能夠處理這種情況,既不違背對公司的忠誠又不撒謊,使損害程度減至最小。方法很簡單,就是讓這個雇員等幾個星期,然后回來和你談這個問題。如果他再問是否很快就要裁員,那么你就可以坦然告訴他,你自己也說不準。他也許還會買房子,也許對你耿耿于懷。這也就是為什么做好人不容易的原因了:你要努力找到一個對所有相關(guān)的人(包括你自己)都公平的方法,而不是去取悅每一個人。

        模擬練習2

        Promises are scary things.To keep them means relinquishing some of our freedom;to break them means losing some of our integrity.Though we have to make them today,promises are all about tomorrow—and the only thing we know for sure about tomorrow is that we don’t know anything for sure!And it’s not just the outer world that changes in unforeseeable ways;it’s you yourself.Every new experience—new responsibilities,new contacts—changes your perspective.

        There’s something that makes promises between two people still riskier:Your partner keeps changing too.In a long-ago letter to my grandmother I wrote,“On the ship today I met an Army veteran who’s on his way to the University of Geneva,just like me!”The veteran,of course,was Papa John,and through the years I’ve kept on meeting him.Different ages,different stages—he’s always someone new.Your grandfather has written about his struggle with alcohol,so you know how difficult those times were for us.And I’m sure he never expected to be nurse,housekeeper and sole functioning parent to three small children when I went into a clinical depression.

        Yet out of both those traumas,tremendous growth and joy eventually came.And the reason,I think,lies in the power of promise.

        難點注釋:

        文字節(jié)選自一封祖母寫給即將年滿20歲的孫女的信。祖母在信中告訴孫女自己對婚姻的看法和婚姻誓言在人生中所發(fā)揮的巨大能量,以極富親情和生活氣息的方式將婚姻和承諾這些人生重大問題輕輕拈來,化入讀者心靈。原文以第二人稱為主,恰似與讀者面對面交流,翻譯時應(yīng)當注意保存這些流暢平實的對話特點。

        (1)relinquish本意為法律意義上的“讓與,放棄”,與下文的integrity一樣放在這里都是意在強調(diào)承諾具有莊嚴的性質(zhì)和深遠的后果,促人深思。

        (2)第一段語氣有漸強的趨勢,在翻譯中請注意體現(xiàn)。

        (3)he’s always someone new應(yīng)放在上下文中理解,而非簡單的“年輕,嶄新”。

        (4)struggle with alcohol在翻譯中應(yīng)結(jié)合語境,找出恰當?shù)闹形谋磉_法。

        (5)clinical depression意為“經(jīng)確診的抑郁癥”。

        (6)trauma本意為醫(yī)學上的“外傷,損傷”,翻譯中應(yīng)更強調(diào)其心理層面的含義。

        參考譯文:

        誓言令人生畏。恪守誓言意味著我們要放棄某些自由,違反誓言則意味著喪失某種品格。雖然我們做出誓言是在今天,但是誓言的意義卻是在于明天——而對明天的不確定性是我們對明天的惟一了解。不僅外部世界會發(fā)生不可預見的變化,你自身也會發(fā)生變化。每種新的體驗——新的責任,新的交往——都會使你的想法改變。

        你的另一半也在不停地改變,這也會給兩人之間的誓言帶來風險。很久以前,我在一封給我奶奶的信中寫道:“今天我在輪船上遇見了一位陸軍老兵,他也去日內(nèi)瓦大學,跟我同路!”那位老兵當然就是你爺爺約翰,在接下來的歲月里,我總能與不一樣的他相遇。在不同的年齡和階段,你爺爺總是各不相同。他曾經(jīng)寫下他與酗酒做斗爭的過程,所以你現(xiàn)在知道我們那時過得多苦。我敢斷言,在此之前他絕對沒有想過,在我患抑郁癥時,他既要當護士,又要當管家,還要成為一個單獨照料三個孩子的父親。

        然而我倆都走出了陰霾,盼來了好日子和幸福生活。我想,一切原因就在于誓言的力量。

        模擬練習3

        Business,by its very nature,is a multidisciplinary affair,and so most courses will have at least an element of what can be regarded as the key business functions such as finance,marketing and human resource management.Some will also have functions such as operations management,supply chain management,production management,all of which are vital in modern global business but are not always on every programme.Business graduates must also be numerate,because most degrees will have courses in quantitative methods and statistics.One final area that should appear in business programmes is a core course in business policy or business strategy.This takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.

        Whilst business degrees need to have some economics input into their programmes,you have to strike the right balance.If you want to do a business programme with a significant element of economics,you might prefer to consider courses like business economics which still retain a business focus,but from the perspective of economics.

        What you must do is consider where your strengths and weaknesses lie.If you are not very strong in mathematics,don’t choose a course that is too quantitative.If you like working with people,look for a course with human resource management options.If you expect to work in manufacturing,look for a production and operations option,and so on.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自Educational Courses in Britain and America,是一篇介紹英國大學商學院課程設(shè)置特點的論說文。作者既從較為專業(yè)的角度提供了課程的信息,也以面對面交流的口吻向留學生提出了一些選擇專業(yè)的建議。文章用詞較為專業(yè),力求論述精確恰當,翻譯中應(yīng)當特別注意選擇適當?shù)闹形脑~匯,避免意義的偏差,同時在末兩段還應(yīng)注意語氣和句子長度的變化,以免譯文聽起來過于單一生硬。

        (1)business在本文中并非“生意”,而是一個專門的學科名稱,即“商業(yè)(學),商學”或“商科”。

        (2)numerate在文中為形容詞,意為“精于數(shù)學計算的”。

        (3)第二段最后一句結(jié)構(gòu)稍微復雜,翻譯中請適當進行主干分析,并理清幾個重點專有名詞各自的意義和關(guān)系。

        (4)perspective意為“視角”。

        (5)quantitative本意為“定量的”,是與定性研究方法相對立的一種研究模式,本文并未涉及具體的研究方法,因此應(yīng)當結(jié)合上半句進行理解,另尋合適的中文表達。

        (6)最后兩句均出現(xiàn)的option在上下文中并無明確指代,需結(jié)合全文意義確定其中文譯法,不能簡單直譯。

        參考譯文:

        商科就其本質(zhì)而言,是一個橫跨多學科的專業(yè)。所以大多數(shù)商科課程都至少含有一種被視作重要商業(yè)職能的要素,譬如金融、市場營銷和人力資源管理。有些課程還會涉及運行管理、貨源連鎖管理、生產(chǎn)管理等其他職能,它們都是現(xiàn)代全球化商業(yè)的要素,但并非每一商科專業(yè)都能全部涉及。商科的畢業(yè)生也必須具備良好的數(shù)學能力,因為大部分學位都與定量研究法和統(tǒng)計學領(lǐng)域的課程相關(guān)。商科課程的體系里最后還應(yīng)包括一門有關(guān)商業(yè)政策或謀略的核心課程。它會教你用戰(zhàn)略性的思考研究商業(yè),培養(yǎng)運用跨學科的方法來管理工商企業(yè)的能力和解決問題的能力。

        雖然商科學位需要包含一些經(jīng)濟學課程,但你必須在二者之間找出平衡點。如果你想學習帶有重要經(jīng)濟學內(nèi)容的商科課程,你可能優(yōu)先考慮選擇商業(yè)經(jīng)濟學,它們?nèi)匀灰陨虡I(yè)知識為核心,只是從經(jīng)濟學的視角來觀察和研究問題。

        你所必須做的是考慮你的強項和弱點分別在哪里。如果你的數(shù)學不是很有實力,那就不要選擇與數(shù)量有關(guān)的課程。如果你喜歡與人打交道,就去尋找與人力資源管理有關(guān)的課程。如果你希望在生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域工作,就去尋找生產(chǎn)管理、運行管理或其他相關(guān)的課程。

        模擬練習4

        When a husband or wife is“stolen”by another person,that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing,was already predisposed toward a new partner.The“l(fā)ove bandit”was only taking what was waiting to be taken,what wanted to be taken.

        Most of us,when young,had the experience of a sweet-h(huán)eart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing.At the time,we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older,we recognized that the swee-h(huán)eart had never been ours to begin with.It was not the intruder that“caused”the break,but the lack of a real relationship.

        On the surface,many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”.This is,however,apsychological illusion.The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.

        Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love,the vengeful feeling that someone else has“come between”oneself and a beloved.This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captives or victims of others—they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自Sydney J.Harris的作品“Love Is Not Merchandise”。作者從人們常有的“愛情被人偷走”的謬見出發(fā),探討了生活中常見的感情失敗問題,揭示了感情的危機根源不在旁人,而在相愛之人對于愛情缺乏信心和執(zhí)著。文章語言流暢優(yōu)美,用詞生活氣息濃郁,翻譯時應(yīng)當注意保持原文流暢靈活的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和語言風格。

        (1)ripe本意為“成熟”,但在文中應(yīng)進行適當?shù)囊庾g,以保持上下文的連貫性。

        (2)love bandit屬作者自創(chuàng)詞匯,翻譯時應(yīng)適當變通,在漢語中尋找或創(chuàng)造相應(yīng)表達。

        (3)pretext意為“借口,托詞”。

        (4)integrity是一個常見的、但無法簡單地在漢語中找到對等詞的英語詞匯,因此在翻譯中需要結(jié)合全句大意進行適當?shù)囊庾g。

        (5)注意最后一段中的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu),英語、漢語表示強調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)不同,請仔細推敲。

        參考譯文:

        當丈夫或妻子被另一個人“偷走”時,那個丈夫或妻子就已經(jīng)具備了被偷走的條件,事先已經(jīng)準備接受新的伴侶了。這位“愛匪”不過是取走等人取走、盼人取走的東西。

        我們多數(shù)人年輕時都有過戀人被某個更有魅力、更迷人的人奪去的經(jīng)歷。在當時,我們興許怨恨這位不速之客——但是后來長大了,也就認識到了心上人本來就不屬于我們。并不是不速之客“導致了”決裂,而是缺乏真正的感情。

        從表面上看,許多婚姻似乎是因為有了“第三者”才破裂的。然而這是一種心理上的錯覺。另外那個女人,或者另外那個男人,無非是作為借口,用來解除早就不是完好無損的婚姻罷了。

        因失戀而痛苦,因別人“插足”于自己與心上人之間而圖報復,是最徒勞、最自我折磨的了。這種事總是歪曲了事實真相,因為誰都不是別人的俘虜或犧牲品——人都是自由行事的,不論命運是好是壞,都由自己來做主。

        4.2.3 評論

        模擬練習1

        Buffett’s view of inherited money also departs from the norm.Critical of the self-indulgence of the super-rich,Buffett thinks of inheritances as“privately funded food stamps”that keep children of the rich from leading normal,independent lives.With his own three kids,he gave them each$10,000ayear—the tax-deductible limit—at Christmas.When he gave them a loan,they had to sign a written agreement.When his daughter,also named Susie like her mother,needed$20to park at the airport,he made her write him a check for it.

        As for charity,Buffett’s strict standards have made it difficult for him to give much away.He evaluates charities the same way he looks for stocks:value for money,return on invested capital.He has established the Buffett Foundation,designed to accumulate money and give it away after his and his wife’s deaths—though the foundation has given millions to organizations involved with population control,family planning,abortion,and birth control.The argument goes that Buffett can actually give away agreater sum in the end by growing his money while he’s still alive.

        One thing’s for sure about Buffett:He’s happy doing what he’s doing.“I get to do what I like to do every single day of the year,”he says.“I get to do it with people I like,and I don’t have to associate with anybody who causes my stomach to churn.I tap dance to work,and when I get there I think I’m supposed to lie on my back and paint the ceiling.It’s tremendous fun.”It’s fun to watch the master at work,too.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自一篇關(guān)于投資大師巴菲特的人物評論。作者從巴菲特成長經(jīng)歷入手,結(jié)合他的性格特點,向讀者揭示了主人公的平凡與不平凡之處。原文敘述風格靈活風趣,有敘有議,結(jié)合了鮮活的事例和口語,在翻譯中應(yīng)當注意保留。

        (1)在翻譯第一段的privately funded food stamps時,應(yīng)注意food stamps的譯法,使之符合主人公的口吻和思維習慣。

        (2)tax-deductible limit即“免稅的最高贈予額度”。

        (3)第二段value for money一句體現(xiàn)的是巴菲特本人在股票投資方面的準則,翻譯時請注意意義的準確和簡潔有力。

        (4)churn意為“攪拌,劇烈晃動”,翻譯時應(yīng)結(jié)合上下文進行理解。

        參考譯文:

        巴菲特對待遺產(chǎn)的態(tài)度也與眾不同。他對“超級富人”自我放縱的生活方式非常反感,他把遺產(chǎn)看作是“私人買單的白吃證”,有了它有錢人家的孩子們就無法過上正常而獨立的生活。對自己的三個孩子,巴菲特在每年圣誕節(jié)時給他們每人一萬美元作為一年的花銷,這是免征所得稅收的最低限度。若是給他們借錢,則需簽訂書面協(xié)議。有一次他的女兒蘇茜——與她媽媽同名——在機場需要20美元的停車費,巴菲特雖然把錢給了她,但卻要求女兒給他寫一張支票還錢。

        巴菲特嚴格的處事標準使他即使是面對慈善事業(yè)也很難慷慨解囊。他打量慈善事業(yè)的態(tài)度猶如對待股票:這個價格值不值,投的錢能否回本。他建立了巴菲特基金會,意在積累資金,在自己和妻子死后發(fā)放。不過巴菲特基金會至今已為許多組織捐資數(shù)百萬美元,資助的項目包括人口控制、計劃生育、墮胎和避孕等。有人認為巴菲特在有生之年打理這些家產(chǎn)增值,到最后還能增加不少用于慈善事業(yè)。

        對于巴菲特來說,有一點可以肯定:他非常熱愛自己的工作。“一年中的每一天我都在做自己喜歡做的事,我與自己喜歡的人一起工作。我用不著與自己討厭的人打交道。我欣欣然撲向工作,到了公司我會覺得工作就好像是讓自己仰面躺下,用手中的筆繪制天花板一般輕松。工作讓我樂趣無窮。”巴菲特說。當然看一位大師級人物工作也同樣是樂趣無窮。

        模擬練習2

        His father,he has said,not without admiration,believed that instilling insecurity in his son would help him to achieve.All in all,Turner seems to have been a well-qualified candidate for total psychic collapse.“But when everything goes wrong,”he says today,“you can either give up or you can try to fight.I tried to fight.”

        After a brief spell in the armed forces,he ploughed his energies into his father’s billboard business,purchasing a radio station and using empty billboards to advertise it.His radio empire grew,and expanded to local television.By 1980,he was launching CNN,although it was not until the Gulf War that the often-derided channel came into its own.He created the Cartoon Network,and bought hundreds of old MGM films,which he recycled on another lucrative channel,Turner Classic Movies.His firm eventually merged with Time Warner.But then came AOL,and Gerald Levin,the chief executive of the new giant,decided he didn’t need Turner or perhaps couldn’t tolerate his unpredictability.

        難點注釋:

        原文選自2002年6月18日的英國《衛(wèi)報》,介紹了美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)CNN創(chuàng)始人特德·特納(Ted Turner)的創(chuàng)業(yè)歷程,并對他獨特的經(jīng)營理念進行了評論。文章筆調(diào)含蓄平實,結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單,用詞上結(jié)合了專業(yè)詞匯和日常表達法。翻譯中應(yīng)注意盡可能保持原文信息和譯名的準確性。

        (1)candidate本意為“候選人”,翻譯中請結(jié)合上下文在詞意上略作調(diào)整。

        (2)spell在文中為名詞,意為“輪班”。

        (3)plough into為經(jīng)濟類常用術(shù)語,意為“注入,投入”。

        (4)often-derided是作者自創(chuàng)詞匯,請注意利用上下文尋找恰當?shù)闹形谋磉_。

        (5)recycle本意為“循環(huán)使用,廢物利用”,翻譯中請注意其在整句中的意思。

        參考譯文:

        特納不無欽佩地說,他的父親認為,讓兒子有不安全感有助其成功。從各方面說,特納都似乎成了一個十分典型的精神全面崩潰的病例。“當一切都出了問題時,你要么放棄,要么努力抗爭。我努力抗爭,”特納說。

        在軍隊中短暫地待了一段時間后,特納把精力投入到父親的廣告牌業(yè)務(wù)中。他購買了一家廣播電臺,然后利用空閑的廣告牌為電臺做宣傳。特納的廣播王國發(fā)展壯大,后來擴展到當?shù)氐碾娨晿I(yè)。到1980年,特納創(chuàng)辦CNN,不過這個經(jīng)常受到嘲笑的頻道在海灣戰(zhàn)爭后才進入全盛時期。特納創(chuàng)立了動畫片頻道,還購買了米高梅電影公司的數(shù)百部舊影片,在另一個贏利的頻道——特納經(jīng)典影片回顧重復播放。他的公司最終與時代華納公司合并。但是隨后美國在線又加入了,而這個新巨頭的總裁杰拉爾德·萊文認為自己不需要特納——也可能是他無法容忍特納的變幻莫測。

        模擬練習3

        China has taken a step toward loosening state control over its television production industry,for the first time approving a batch of eight private companies that can make TV series without being shadowed by a state-run corporation.

        The approval from the State Administration of Radio,F(xiàn)ilm and Television(SARFT),the industry regulator,illustrates a wider push by the administration of Hu Jintao,China’s president,to introduce commercial reforms to its bloated state media machine.The move also appears consistent with attempts to level the playing field between China’s cossetted but inefficient state industries and a disadvantaged but dynamic private sector.

        The main result of SARFT’s approval will be to create competition for the 155provincial and national state-run television companies that currently have a monopoly on the production of TV series.Cost savings for private and foreign TV production operations in China are also expected to result.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自Financial Times上一篇關(guān)于中國出臺新媒體政策的報道。原文一方面提供了該政策的具體內(nèi)容,另一方面提出了外媒關(guān)于該政策的理解并預測了該政策可能帶來的后果。原文體現(xiàn)了鮮明的新聞?wù)Z體風格,句式結(jié)構(gòu)相對復雜平衡,信息量大,涉及專業(yè)性較強的經(jīng)濟和政治詞匯,翻譯時應(yīng)力求譯文風格簡潔,信息完整準確。

        (1)原文首段即由一個復合句組成,請注意理清主干、先行詞和從句謂語之間的關(guān)系,使譯文清楚流暢。

        (2)請注意SARFT作為國家機構(gòu)的標準譯名,及其同位語的位置。

        (3)請注意評論性文本特有詞匯如illustrate,appear,expect等的翻譯。

        (4)level在文中作動詞用,意為“平衡、平抑”

        (5)cosset本意為“縱容,寵愛”,請結(jié)合上下文推敲適當?shù)闹形谋磉_。

        參考譯文:

        中國政府已采取措施,逐步放寬國家對電視制作業(yè)的管制,首次批準一批私營公司(8家)制作電視連續(xù)劇,而不再受制于國營公司。

        媒體監(jiān)管機構(gòu)國家廣播電影電視總局(SARFT)批準了上述措施,從而表明以國家主席胡錦濤為首的中國政府進一步加大了改革力度,對臃腫的國家媒體機構(gòu)推行商業(yè)改革。中國的國有行業(yè)備受庇護且效率低下,而處于不利地位的私營企業(yè)卻富有活力。上述舉措似乎也說明政府試圖為國有行業(yè)和私營企業(yè)創(chuàng)造平等的競爭環(huán)境。

        廣電總局的批準帶來的主要結(jié)果將會是:155家省級和國家級國營電視公司將面臨競爭,目前這些公司壟斷了電視連續(xù)劇的制作。另外,這一舉措還有望為私營的和在華經(jīng)營的外國電視制作公司節(jié)省成本。

        模擬練習4

        Though Starbucks is still hardly known in China,with 69 stores,it’s taking a big bet.The Seattle-based company announced recently that it would increase its stake in its Shanghai and Taiwan joint venture with President Coffee from 5%to 50%.Elsewhere,Starbucks opens stores in Guangzhou,its third mainland Chinese city,this year,and aims to open hundreds more in the coming two years.

        Starbucks China doesn’t plan any advertising,promotions,or other marketing strategies,aside from sponsoring an online coffee club and the occasional office-tower coffee tasting.Instead,the company is counting on selecting such high-visibility,high-traffic cafe locations that they market themselves.Its main advertising medium is the store itself.

        But in fast-changing Chinese cities,finding locations that will embody the right lifestyle is more akin to gambling than science.The computerized mapping databases that the company uses to test a potential street corner in the United States would be little help in Chinese cities.In the U.S.,if you see a mall,it will probably still be there in two years.While a year passes by in a Chinese location,and you almost won’t know your way around there any more.

        難點注釋:

        原文摘自Far Eastern Economic Review上一篇評論。作者除介紹星巴克公司在中國的未來戰(zhàn)略之外還對星巴克的營銷理念、中國城市的發(fā)展特點發(fā)表了看法。文章風格較為平實,用詞比較生活化,難度不高。翻譯時請注意譯文的句式結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合漢語規(guī)范,在準確保存原文信息的基礎(chǔ)上是否做到行文流暢。

        (1)文中Seattle-based、office-tower等常見合成詞,翻譯時應(yīng)注意利用其各部分本意和語境意義選擇漢語表達。

        (2)promotion一詞在商業(yè)應(yīng)用中意為“推廣,促銷”,不能簡單直譯為“提升”。

        (3)embody在文中意為“體現(xiàn),展現(xiàn)”。

        (4)be akin to在文中意為“類似于”。

        (5)gambling和science為對比,即“運氣,意外”與“規(guī)律,規(guī)劃”。

        參考譯文:

        星巴克在中國只開設(shè)了69家咖啡店,很少有人知其名,但它決心大干一番。最近,以西雅圖為總部的星巴克公司宣布要把其上海和臺灣分公司與總統(tǒng)咖啡聯(lián)合企業(yè)的投資股份從5%加大到50%。另外,星巴克今年在中國大陸的第三大城市廣州開店,在未來兩年內(nèi)要開數(shù)百家店。

        除了在網(wǎng)上主辦咖啡俱樂部及偶爾在寫字樓提供咖啡品嘗活動外,中國星巴克不打算進行任何廣告宣傳、促銷活動,也不打算實施其他的營銷策略。相反,星巴克公司依靠選擇那種顯眼的、交通發(fā)達的咖啡店店址來做自我宣傳。星巴克最主要的宣傳媒介是咖啡店本身。

        要在變化飛快的中國大城市中找到能體現(xiàn)適當?shù)纳罘绞降牡胤?,這更多要依賴運氣而不是計劃。在美國,星巴克能利用經(jīng)計算機處理的地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫探尋具有開店潛質(zhì)的街角,但這種做法在中國城市卻沒有多大用處。在美國,你看到某個商場,兩年后它可能還在那里;但在中國,一年后你幾乎都不認得周圍的路了。

        4.2.4 演講

        模擬練習1

        I was never the likeliest candidate for this office.We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements.Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington.It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give$5and$10and$20to the cause.

        It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy;who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.

        It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers,and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people,by the people,and for the people has not perished from the Earth.

        This is your victory.

        There will be setbacks and false starts.There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as president.And we know the government can’t solve every problem.But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face.I will listen to you,especially when we disagree.And,above all,I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation,the only way it’s been done in America for 221years—block by block,brick by brick,calloused hand by calloused hand.

        難點注釋:

        這段材料來自于美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在2008年競選之夜得知勝選之后發(fā)表的演講。奧巴馬在演講中熱情地感謝了忠實的選民、為競選奔走的選舉團隊、無私支持他的家人、友人并向自己的競選對手致敬。翻譯時應(yīng)注意避免書面腔和翻譯腔,使譯文保持原演講的語言風格。

        (1)第一段內(nèi)endorsement意為“擔保,聯(lián)署,背書”,請注意選擇恰當?shù)囊饬x并根據(jù)中文演講的習慣進行適當?shù)恼{(diào)整。

        (2)第一段內(nèi)出現(xiàn)若干美國國內(nèi)地名,請注意它們的正式譯法。

        (3)第三段中的braved為動詞,意為“勇于面對”或“敢于承受”。

        (4)請注意第三段末尾“of the people,by the people,and for the people”表達有正式譯法,翻譯時應(yīng)盡量參照。

        參考譯文:

        我從來都不是最有可能的總統(tǒng)人選。剛開始時我們沒有很多經(jīng)費,也沒有很多要人的支持。我們的競選不是孵化自華盛頓的會議大廳,而是始于得梅因(美國衣阿華州的首府)的后院、康科德市普通人家的客廳,以及查爾斯頓的某個前廊。這一勝利來自于工薪階層的普通人,他們從微薄的積蓄中拿出五元、十元、二十元來支持我們的理念。

        我們的勝利來自于年輕人——那些遠離家人、承擔辛苦但收入微薄的競選工作的年輕人。他們反駁了他們是冷漠一代的謬論。

        我們的勝利也來自于那些已不再年輕的人們,他們在嚴寒或酷暑中走街串巷向完全陌生的選民進行宣傳。我們的勝利來自數(shù)以百萬計的美國人民,他們的志愿參與和組織證明了兩個多世紀之后,那個民有、民治、民享的政府仍然存在。

        這個勝利屬于你們!

        前面會有挫折和彎路。很多人不會完全同意我作為總統(tǒng)做出的政策和決定。而且我們知道政府不會解決所有問題。但關(guān)于面對的挑戰(zhàn),我會始終對你們坦誠相告。我會傾聽你們的聲音——特別是當我們意見相左時。而最重要的是,我請你們加入到家園的重建中來,用221年以來我們唯一的方法,美國的方法——一磚一瓦,水滴石穿。

        模擬練習2

        Now,another major vision that Microsoft has is that writing the programs,writing the applications for these machines needs to get very easy and we need to be able to do it,so we can write programs that run across the entire Internet which is millions of machines.So this is a new approach to programming that draws on what was done previously.DNS says that developers should be able to focus on their particular task and not have to learn a lot about management of the machine resources.

        Great chips and systems developed by our partners who are here with us sponsoring this event,make this all possible.And there’s an incredible opportunity for developers.The applications that are written today will sell to an even larger base of machines out in the market.There is a lot that we’re doing to increase the work of developers—make sure they understand where the PC is going and how tools can help them and we’re even helping them now,with more and more marketing type of activities making sure they get out in with the customers.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自比爾·蓋茨在北京的一次商業(yè)性演講,其目的主要是為微軟作宣傳,推廣DNS系統(tǒng)這一理念。須知商業(yè)演講少有復雜、深奧的詞匯,而是要把問題講清楚,以打動潛在顧客或合作伙伴。演講風格平實,翻譯時應(yīng)注意保存原文信息,并傳遞其誠懇熱情的風味。

        (1)vision在商業(yè)演講中多譯為“愿景,構(gòu)想”。

        (2)draw on在文中意為“利用,采用”。

        (3)chip在計算機硬件行業(yè)中意為“芯片,處理器”。

        (4)sponsor在涉及具體某一活動時不能直譯為“資助”。

        (5)application written應(yīng)放在全文語境和演講人身份背景下理解。

        參考譯文:

        微軟的另一個主要設(shè)想是把編寫應(yīng)用程序這項工作變得很容易,我們必須做到這一點,這樣程序就可以在連接數(shù)以百萬計計算機的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上運行。和以前的編程不同,這是一個新的做法,借鑒了已有的成果。有了DNS,開發(fā)人員可以集中精力從事其特定的任務(wù),不需要學習很多機器資源管理的知識。

        這一活動的主辦者之一是我們的合作伙伴,他們開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)再加上優(yōu)異的芯片使所有這一切成為可能。這是開發(fā)人員一次極好的機會。今天編寫的應(yīng)用程序?qū)①u給市場上更多的計算機使用者。我們正在做許多事情以增加開發(fā)人員的工作,確保他們理解個人計算機的走向,讓他們知道目前的工具能為他們提供什么樣的幫助,以及讓他們參加越來越多的營銷類型的活動,使他們與顧客保持良好的關(guān)系。

        模擬練習3

        They had hoped that I would take a vocational degree;I wanted to study English Literature.A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody,and I went up to study Modern Languages.Hardly had my parents’car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.

        I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics;they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day.Of all subjects on this planet,I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.

        I would like to make it clear,in parenthesis,that I do not blame my parents for their point of view....I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty.They had been poor themselves,and I have since been poor,and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience.Poverty entails fear,and stress,and sometimes depression;it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships.Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts,that is indeed something on which to pride yourself,but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自J·K·羅琳在哈佛大學2008年畢業(yè)典禮上的演講,題為《失敗的好處和想象力的重要性》(The Fringe Benefits of Failure,and the Importance of Imagination)。她回顧了自己走出校門后所經(jīng)歷的苦難以及挫折所帶來的收獲,并呼吁畢業(yè)生們不懼失敗、關(guān)注自身的責任并回報社會。原文節(jié)選自演講的前半部,此時演講者尚沉浸在對往事的回憶之中,句式結(jié)構(gòu)平實樸素,第一人稱居多,長短交錯,用詞含蓄貼切,多有修辭。翻譯中請注意保持原文的情緒基調(diào)和語氣。

        (1)vocational指“專業(yè)學位”,即與實際工作相關(guān)的技術(shù)性或技能型課程學位,畢業(yè)后獲得從業(yè)資格或技能認證。

        (2)in retrospect意為“回顧”,翻譯時應(yīng)注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,保持譯文流暢。

        (3)請注意第一段末尾句中夸張和比喻等修辭手法。

        (4)第二段末尾句語言非常形象,翻譯中請?zhí)貏e注意。

        (5)executive bathroom中executive為形容詞,指“寬敞的,高級的”,如航班機艙等級中的“executive seat”(現(xiàn)譯為“公務(wù)艙”)。

        (6)parenthesis在文中不能簡單直譯為“括號”。

        參考譯文:

        他們希望我去讀個專業(yè)學位,而我想去攻讀英國文學。最后達成了一個現(xiàn)在看來雙方都不甚滿意的妥協(xié):我改學現(xiàn)代語言??墒歉改傅能噭倓偣者^街角,一走開,我立刻把學德語的事情扔到一邊,快步走回了古典文學的殿堂。

        我不記得將這事告訴了父母。他們可能是在畢業(yè)典禮那一天才發(fā)現(xiàn)的。我想,在全世界所有的專業(yè)中,他們也許認為,不會有比研究希臘神話更沒用的專業(yè)了,根本無法換來一間獨立的寬敞衛(wèi)生間。

        我要申明,我并不責怪父母?!麄冎皇窍M也灰^窮日子,我不能批評他們。他們自己很窮,我后來一度也很窮,所以我很理解他們,貧窮是一種悲慘的經(jīng)歷。它帶來恐懼、壓力,有時還有抑郁。它意味著許許多多的小羞辱和艱辛??孔约旱呐[脫貧窮,確實讓人自豪,但是只有傻瓜才會將貧窮本身浪漫化。

        模擬練習4

        And because of all the neglect,too many of our kids have,essentially,to raise themselves.They are growing more distant from their parents,grandparents and other family members,as all around us the indestructible bond that once glued together the generations,unravels.

        This violation has bred a new generation,Generation O let us call it,that has now picked up the torch from Generation X.The O stands for a generation that has everything on the outside—wealth,success,fancy clothing and fancy cars,but an aching emptiness on the inside.That cavity in our chests,that barrenness at our core,that void in our centre is the place where the heart once beat and which love once occupied.

        And it’s not just the kids who are suffering.It’s the parents as well.For the more we cultivate little-adults in kids’bodies,the more removed we ourselves become from our own childlike qualities,and there is so much about being a child that is worth retaining in adult life.

        Love,ladies and gentlemen,is the human family’s most precious legacy,its richest bequest,its golden inheritance.And it is a treasure that is handed down from one generation to another.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自邁克爾·杰克遜2001年3月在牛津大學所作的題為Heal The Kids的講演。在講演中,杰克遜認為現(xiàn)代社會中的年輕一代在成長中承受了社會與生活帶來的諸如空虛、疏離、彷徨等種種痛苦,而家人和成人卻未能奉獻足夠的愛和關(guān)心。節(jié)選部分顯示了良好的語言素養(yǎng),句式平衡流暢,用詞準確之余不失形象,感情強烈真切。翻譯中應(yīng)注意保持原文的風格特點,同時注意譯文應(yīng)讀來流暢,符合漢語演講的特點。

        (1)bond在文中可理解為“紐帶”或“聯(lián)系”。

        (2)generation O和generation X均為演講者使用的類比,O即目前的孩童一代,其特點可在下文中看到。X則是父母一代,他們對于社會、家庭的態(tài)度也可以從X這個字母的形體特點上體會出來。

        (3)cavity在文中意為抽象比喻意義上的“空洞”,而非實體的“巖洞”或“凹陷”。

        (4)little-adult和kids’bodies為對應(yīng)的兩個概念,翻譯中請?zhí)貏e注意。

        (5)翻譯時請?zhí)貏e注意末段legacy,bequest,inheritance三個同義詞的所帶來的修辭效果。

        參考譯文:

        因為被忽視,很多孩子實際上是一個人孤獨地長大。他們漸漸疏遠自己的父母親、祖父母以及其他的家庭成員,我們身邊那種曾經(jīng)團結(jié)過一代人的不滅的凝集力就這樣散開了。

        這種違背常理的行為造就了一代新人,姑且叫做O代人吧,他們已經(jīng)漸漸接下了上一輩人傳下來的火炬,他們擁有所有外在的東西——財富、成功、奢華的時裝和跑車——但他們的內(nèi)心卻痛苦和空虛。胸中茫然若失,心靈一片荒蕪,那些空白的地方曾經(jīng)搏動著我們的心臟,曾經(jīng)充溢著愛情。

        其實,不僅孩子們痛苦,父母親也同樣受煎熬。我們越是讓孩子們早熟,我們就越來越遠離了童真,而這種童真就算成年人也值得擁有。

        愛,女士們先生們,愛是人類家庭最珍貴的遺產(chǎn),是最貴重的饋贈,是最無價的傳統(tǒng),是我們應(yīng)該代代相傳的財富。

        4.2.5 小品文

        模擬練習1

        So I’m happy when those occasions arise when I can offer the benefits of my education.Of course,it annoys the hell out of my boss how rarely my skill set actually helps us out.And it amazes him how I’m forever dawdling with my coffee and misplacing it at job sites.Or how I’m morbidly preoccupied with safety—like the time,fearing electrocution,when I refused to hold up a low-h(huán)anging cable wire to allow our tall truck to pass beneath.(“It carries a signal,not a current!”He hollered,grabbing it for dramatic effect.)

        In some ways,ours is a clash of cultures.On days off,the boss changes the oil in his pickup,retiles his kitchen floor or does brickwork;I take my car through the automatic wash,go bird watching or read“Nicholas Nickleby.”This last tickles him—so mighty are my struggles reading maps.

        But I’m just as strong as he is,and can match him bale for bale,hoisting the 50-pound sacks of seed we fill the truck with.So there is the basis for a bit of grudging respect.And for all of my drawbacks,I am at least reliable—a vestige,perhaps,of the grim“show up at your desk at all costs(if only to sit there)”ethic.

        But still it caught me off guard when,with the air now cold and the hydro seeding season over,the boss inquired recently:“Can you drive a snowplow?”(注解:Nicholas Nickleby為狄更斯的小說《尼克拉斯·尼科比》)

        難點注釋:

        本文選自2002年2月號的Newsweek。作者本是金融白領(lǐng),但經(jīng)濟危機之后被裁員,文章講述了他轉(zhuǎn)而從事藍領(lǐng)工作中遭遇的趣事和尷尬經(jīng)歷。這篇小品文語言詼諧風趣,用詞較為平實,翻譯時應(yīng)注意在保持文章流暢通順的同時盡可能傳達原文的幽默。

        (1)skill set意為“技能庫”或“技能儲備”。

        (2)be preoccupied with意為“關(guān)注,強調(diào)”。

        (3)signal和current在文中均為名詞,請結(jié)合上下文確定其詞義。

        (4)翻譯時請注意第二段末尾的幽默。

        (5)bale意為“大捆的布匹或毛料”,請結(jié)合上下文推敲bale for bale的正確譯法。

        (6)最后一段的hydro seeding意為“采用水漿混合物噴灑的方式進行播種”,此處譯為“播種”即可。

        參考譯文:

        所以,碰到能顯示我所受的教育優(yōu)勢時,我就顯得格外地高興。當然,我的技能能夠派上用場的時候太少了,這常常把我老板氣得夠嗆??粗衣掏痰睾瓤Х?,還把杯子在工地隨便亂放,他驚訝之余也無可奈何。此外還有當我過分強調(diào)安全的時候,就像有一次,我害怕觸電,不愿伸手舉起一根垂得太低的電纜線以讓我們的卡車通過。(他大喊起來:“那里面只有信號,沒有電流?!闭f罷夸張地一把奪了過去。)

        從某種意義上來說,我們的沖突是不同文化間的沖突。在休息日里,老板會給他的小貨車換油,或是重鋪廚房地板,或做瓦工活;我則開車去自動洗車場,出去觀鳥,或是讀《尼克拉斯·尼科比》(狄更斯小說)。這最后一項使他感到很好笑,畢竟我連看個地圖都要費半天功夫。

        但是我跟他一樣地強壯,在把每包重50磅的種子裝車時,他扛一包,我也能扛一包。所以在這點上,即使不情愿,他也不能不對我有所敬重。盡管我有許多弱點,但我至少是可靠的——也許是我的腦子里還留著舊的道德鐵律“不論付出什么代價也要準點上班(哪怕只是坐在那里)”。

        最近天氣轉(zhuǎn)冷,育種的季節(jié)已過,可當老板問我“你會不會開掃雪機?”的時候,我還是一下子感到措手不及。

        模擬練習2

        American managers have in-depth knowledge of the business they run and baseball,but know little about the rest of the world.They think that everyone who is not American wishes he was.Americans are always the best.The quarterly dividend is their cardinal goal,and quick fixes are the means to accomplish it.They organize their companies in many-layered hierarchies of order givers and order takers.Employees do not question instructions(at least openly).They lose their jobs if they do.Americans talk fast and loud.After a meeting,the Americans bring in hordes of lawyers and accountants to prepare contracts ten times longer than those used elsewhere.

        British managers became managers by studying English literature and Egyptology at Oxford and by going through the Old Boy Network.They have a broad,but not always thorough,knowledge of their company’s operations.They are insular—and proud of it.Class spite and social angst riddle British corporate cultures.Despite much lip service to the contrary,decision making remains the prerogative of top managers.Ideas about decentralized management clash with a basic lack of faith in the abilities of the subordinates.British managers invariably are polite,and they spice their conversations with humorous little anecdotes that executives of other nationalities usually fail to appreciate.Meetings are not supposed to decide anything.The British use them to explore the terrain and to check out the broad perimeters,parameters and all that.If they promise you something to avoid offending you,it may take a long time before they deliver.In fact,they may not deliver at all.

        難點注釋:

        原文來自Manager雜志,節(jié)選自一篇對各國職業(yè)經(jīng)理人進行漫畫式描述的小品文。這篇文章筆調(diào)輕松詼諧,對各國經(jīng)理人的性格特點描述得相當生動。在翻譯原文時,應(yīng)注意一方面要通過對句式和代詞的調(diào)整,保持原文輕松流暢的風格,另一方面注意辨別原文中一些較為正式的專業(yè)詞匯究竟目的是在于提供信息還是營造諷刺幽默效果,從而對這些詞匯采取不同的翻譯方法。

        (1)quarterly dividend意為“季度分紅”。

        (2)注意第一段中的合成詞,翻譯時應(yīng)盡量避免簡單生硬的直譯。

        (3)Old Boy Network并非英美獨有現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)結(jié)合語境,尋找合適的中文表達。

        (4)Class spite中的class一詞應(yīng)作為“階級”或“等級”來理解。

        (5)to the contrary的翻譯必須結(jié)合后半句來進行,譯文應(yīng)力求明確清楚。

        (6)注意最后一段中的terrain,broad perimeters,parameters and all that一句的翻譯,請推敲其中的比喻意義之后再著手翻譯。

        參考譯文:

        美國經(jīng)理人對他們管理的公司和棒球運動有深刻的了解,可是對其他事情所知甚少。他們認為世界上其他國家的人都希望自己是美國人。美國人總是最棒的。每個季度的分紅是他們的主要目標,只要能最快地實現(xiàn)這個目標任何手段都成。公司組織結(jié)構(gòu)層次多,等級森嚴。雇員對上峰的指令不能置疑(至少在公開場合不能)。要是這樣做,就會丟飯碗。美國人說話快,嗓門大。商務(wù)洽談之后,美國人弄來一群群的律師和財務(wù)人員,起草的合同比世界上其他任何地方的都要長十倍。

        英國的經(jīng)理人通過在牛津大學學習英國文學和古埃及學以及憑借老同學的關(guān)系網(wǎng)而成為經(jīng)理。對于公司的運作,他們具有廣博但不總是透徹的知識。他們保守,并對此感到自豪。階層間的敵視和對社會的焦慮充斥于英國的企業(yè)文化。盡管口頭上宣揚的是另外一套,決策依然是最高層經(jīng)理的特權(quán)。分權(quán)化管理的理念與對下屬們的能力缺乏基本信任的現(xiàn)實發(fā)生沖撞。英國經(jīng)理人都彬彬有禮,談話中摻雜著幽默典故,令其他國家的執(zhí)行官們大惑不解。開會不會做出任何決定。英國人開會只是用來摸摸底,熟悉一下基本情況而已。要是他們?yōu)楸苊馊菒滥愣龀瞿撤N承諾,可能很久之后才會踐諾。事實上,他們或許根本不會履行諾言。

        模擬練習3

        A full awareness of this will point out to you that the most important thing in your existence is your distinctive individuality or something special of yours.What really counts is not your worldly success but your peculiar insight into the meaning of life and your commitment to it,which add luster to your personality.

        It is not easy to be what one really is.There is many aperson in the world who can be identified as anything—either his job,his status or his social role—that shows no trace about his individuality.It does do him justice to say that he has no identity of his own,if he doesn’t know his own mind and all his things are either arranged by others or done on others’suggestions;if his life,always occupied by external things,is completely void of an inner world.You won’t be able to find anything whatever,from head to heart,that truly belongs to him.He is,indeed,no more than a shadow cast by somebody else or a machine capable of doing business.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自一篇關(guān)于個性在人生中的價值以及如何追求個性的小品文。本文句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復雜,主要采取第二人稱和第三人稱,語言風格平實流暢,用詞也較為貼近日常生活。翻譯中應(yīng)當注意對原文的復合句結(jié)構(gòu)和插入語結(jié)構(gòu)進行重新調(diào)整以符合漢語習慣,同時注意譯文用詞不應(yīng)過于正式,避免出現(xiàn)翻譯腔。

        (1)原文第一句中主語為上一句的論點,英語中以物做主語顯得比較自然,但在翻譯中應(yīng)當對這一句式進行符合漢語習慣的調(diào)整。

        (2)worldly success中的worldly為形容詞,應(yīng)結(jié)合下文中的對應(yīng)概念,即insight一詞來確定其準確意義。

        (3)commitment本意為“承諾”,置入語境中進行翻譯時應(yīng)當稍加變化。

        (4)第二段中do him justice的翻譯應(yīng)當跳出justice這個詞的譯法,以上下文為背景,理解意義之后再尋找合適的中文表達。

        參考譯文:

        如果你真正意識到了這一點,你就會明白,活在世上,最重要的就是活出你自己的特色和滋味來。你的人生是否有意義,衡量的標準不是外在的成功,而是你對人生意義的獨特領(lǐng)悟和堅守,從而使你的自我閃放出個性的光華。

        表現(xiàn)真正的自我不是一件容易的事。世上有許多人,你說他是什么都行,例如是一種職業(yè),一個身份,一個社會角色,惟獨不是他自己。如果一個人總是按別人的安排和意見生活,沒有自己的獨立思索;總是為外在事務(wù)忙碌,沒有自己的內(nèi)心生活,那么,說他沒有個性就一點兒也沒有冤枉他。因為確確實實,從他的頭腦到他的心靈,你在其中已經(jīng)找不到絲毫真正屬于他自己的東西了,他只是別人的一個影子和做事務(wù)的一架機器罷了。

        模擬練習4

        It is a fact that young men are more romantic than young women.Young men fall in love at the drop of a hat.Young women,on the other hand,are much more pragmatic when it comes to choosing marriage partners.Men consider that being with their partners is sufficient to express their love.Whereas women consider a man romantic only if the word love is always on his lips.

        Men attach more importance to marriage than women do,and there are fewer male celibates.Moreover,men find more satisfaction in marriage.A survey found that 87%of the men questioned said that if they married again they would choose the same partners,whereas 76%of the women questioned said the same.

        Men feel pain,but they handle it in a different way from women.It is true that after divorce they will not lose control of themselves by crying bitterly,but they suffer more from stomach disorders,plunge into alcoholism and cause traffic accidents.Another survey found that divorced men can only overcome their emotional pain by means of physical exercise.

        難點注釋:

        原文節(jié)選自一篇分析男性心理行為特點的文章。作者既從性別差異的角度分析了男性心理的特點,又揭示了人們對于男性心理行為的一些誤解。文章語言風格簡潔明快,句子較短,結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單,用詞較為生活化。翻譯時應(yīng)注意在準確傳達原文信息的基礎(chǔ)上更注意保持其語言風格。

        (1)at the drop of a hat是一種習慣表達,其本意與帽子無關(guān),翻譯時達意即可,也可以保留原文意象。

        (2)第一段末尾兩句的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)均體現(xiàn)了男女在感情表達方式上的不同,翻譯中應(yīng)盡量體現(xiàn)之。

        (3)celibate意為“獨身主義者”。

        (4)partner在文中多次出現(xiàn),翻譯時應(yīng)當具體問題具體分析,不可一概直譯。

        (5)stomach disorder意為“消化不良”或“腸胃功能紊亂”。

        參考譯文:

        實際上年輕的男人比年輕的女人更浪漫,他們可以輕易地墜入愛河。相反,年輕的女性卻很善于從務(wù)實的角度選擇婚姻伴侶。男人們認為只要和自己的配偶呆在一起就已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出自己對她的情感了,而女性認為男人只有把愛情掛在嘴邊才是浪漫的。

        男人們更重視結(jié)婚。男性獨身主義者比女性獨身主義者少。甚至他們結(jié)婚后,男人們也更容易對自己的婚姻感到滿足。一項調(diào)查表明,87%的男人都認為,如果再結(jié)婚的話仍找自己現(xiàn)在的妻子,而持相同觀點的女人只占76%。

        男人們也會感到痛苦,只是對付痛苦的方式與女人們不同。他們倒是不會在離異后痛哭失態(tài),但他們更容易患腸胃功能紊亂,也容易酗酒和發(fā)生交通事故。還有一項調(diào)查表明,男人在離異后往往只能用體育活動來排解痛苦的心情。

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