第一節(jié)　選題Topic Selecting

第一部分　理論學(xué)習(xí)（Theory Introduction）

一個(gè)合適的題目首先是聽(tīng)眾感興趣的話(huà)題或是聽(tīng)眾希望了解的信息。演講者在決定演講選題前，首先要對(duì)聽(tīng)眾進(jìn)行研究，了解他們?nèi)狈κ裁春涂释私馐裁葱畔?。演講者對(duì)聽(tīng)眾做認(rèn)真研究和分析是決定一個(gè)話(huà)題是否合適的前提。只有了解聽(tīng)眾才能有助于明確你的演講目的。一個(gè)合適的題目應(yīng)該是演講者感興趣并且熟悉的話(huà)題。其次，演講者應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析自己，明確自己擅長(zhǎng)什么和能夠給予聽(tīng)眾什么。一個(gè)合適的題目可以激發(fā)演講者給予聽(tīng)眾新的觀(guān)點(diǎn)甚至是思想火花。好的演講稿還要有一個(gè)明確的演講意圖，也就是這篇演講要達(dá)到的目的必須一目了然，這樣才能在演講者和聽(tīng)眾之間架起一座溝通的橋梁。演講的目的一般有兩種:傳達(dá)信息和規(guī)勸說(shuō)服。總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選演講的目的是拉選票，教師授課的目的是傳授知識(shí)，律師在法庭上論辯的目的是維護(hù)當(dāng)事人的利益，推銷(xiāo)員演說(shuō)的目的是要推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品。此外，演講稿的寫(xiě)作不同于一般的寫(xiě)作。在一般的寫(xiě)作上，讀者完全可以根據(jù)自己的需要對(duì)一篇文章仔細(xì)閱讀，認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)，因此，即使語(yǔ)言晦澀亦無(wú)大礙。然而演講稿則不同，一般情況下聽(tīng)眾是無(wú)法反復(fù)研讀演講者的演講稿的。因此，演講者必須盡可能在演講現(xiàn)場(chǎng)以簡(jiǎn)潔明了的語(yǔ)言把自己的演講目的和相關(guān)信息傳達(dá)給觀(guān)眾。那么，在開(kāi)始選擇題材和角度時(shí)就應(yīng)該遵循以下原則。

一、所選題材要適合演講的場(chǎng)合（A topic with proper occasion）

在選題時(shí)，首先要考慮演講場(chǎng)合。根據(jù)演講場(chǎng)合的不同，演講形式類(lèi)別有:告知、解說(shuō)類(lèi)演講，包括自我介紹、公司簡(jiǎn)介、導(dǎo)游解說(shuō)等；說(shuō)理、勸說(shuō)類(lèi)演講，包括競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、自薦、勸導(dǎo)、辯駁、宣傳、鼓動(dòng)等；特殊場(chǎng)合演講，包括頒獎(jiǎng)儀式、歡迎儀式、歡送儀式、介紹嘉賓、紀(jì)念儀式、奠基儀式、悼念儀式等。顯而易見(jiàn)，不同場(chǎng)合的演講內(nèi)容不同，題材的角度和措辭就不同，從而導(dǎo)致的演講效果會(huì)有很大不同。下面是一篇關(guān)于“人與自然”的勸說(shuō)類(lèi)演講范例:

Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen: When the topic “people and nature”first caught my eye, I was reminded of a story about myself and my violin. I began learning to play the violin when I was eight years old. At first, it was a very hard thing for me. After my continued efforts, I was able to play a lot of musical pieces very soon. I felt so proud of myself that I began to behave arrogantly. My violin teacher noticed this and told me: “To be a good violin player, you should first of all love and respect your violin. You should obey the rules of playing it so as to make harmonious melodies. Remember, play the violin not only with your hands, but also with your heart and soul. ”Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that nature is to people what my violin is to me. Isn’ t it true that people deal with nature just as I play the violin？ Isn’ t it true that we have been so arrogant that we take liberties with nature, which brings about the discord between nature and ourselves？ Since my violin and I have finally reached harmony, why can’ t people and nature head toward the same direction？Ladies and gentlemen, we cannot wait. Nor can we afford to wait until the day when we find no city, no Hilton hotel, no lecture hall to hold any speech contests in. Let us love and respect nature, nature that is the violin people have played for thousands of years. Let us treasure it, and play it with our heart and soul. Let us observe its rules while developing our industry,modernizing our traffic system,and improving our living conditions, so that one day, people and nature will together produce the most beautiful and peaceful music. On that day, I am sure to be there with my violin, to join the world orchestra, in playing the ode to harmony, the eternal harmony between people and nature. Let my speech today be an overture to that grand symphony.

Thank you.

二、所選題材要符合時(shí)間要求（A topic with proper time）

根據(jù)所需時(shí)間不同，演講的形式和類(lèi)型也有所不同。例如在各類(lèi)儀式上的特殊演講，如果選擇極有深度的內(nèi)容，離題太遠(yuǎn)，勢(shì)必會(huì)加重聽(tīng)眾的思想負(fù)擔(dān)，使聽(tīng)眾產(chǎn)生一種焦慮感，因?yàn)樗麄冴P(guān)心的僅僅是今天的主題儀式。再如在課堂上提問(wèn)中，如果學(xué)生占用太多時(shí)間陳述，就會(huì)使老師和其他學(xué)生產(chǎn)生一種啰嗦、庸冗的感覺(jué)，老師也會(huì)打斷學(xué)生的發(fā)言。因此，對(duì)于不同的演講在時(shí)間上都是有限制的，演講者要充分考慮時(shí)間因素和題目的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。下面是一篇慶祝圣誕晚會(huì)的特殊類(lèi)演講范例:

Welcome, everybody, Merry Christmas to you all!Thank you for coming tonight to celebrate this happy and joyous occasion. Christmas is really a wonderful time of the year, and there is something in this holiday to appeal to everybody. For myself, I love the pretty decorations that can be seen everywhere. See how wonderful this room looks with all the bright reds and greens everywhere. I know of a fact that my friend over to be here, Mr. Brown appreciates Christmas food the most, especially the roast turkey that can be had during the season. And Miss Wyse over there likes Christmas because of all the presents she gets from her boyfriends.

There’ s another reason for liking Christmas, a reason that we should all try to remember. Christmas is the time of brotherhood. At Christmas, we all think more of our friends and relatives, we are all kind to each other, and we all become generous and warm to each other in the spirit of the season. This is a wonderful attitude to have, and we all feel the better for it. How miraculous it would be if we could keep this spirit through out the year.

Merry Christmas once again to all of you!

三、演講者所選題材要力所能及（A topic with speaker’ s ability）

在考慮了演講場(chǎng)合和合理把握演講時(shí)間的同時(shí)，演講者對(duì)于題目的駕馭能力也是演講稿撰寫(xiě)成敗的關(guān)鍵。如果你選擇的題目過(guò)泛，羅列的內(nèi)容多，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致演講稿信息冗雜、層次凌亂、內(nèi)容空洞、道理闡述不明，最終缺乏說(shuō)服力。例如:

Ladies and gentleman,

I still remember a photo which impressed me deeply during the Wenchuan Earthquake. It is a photo of a small hand of a child stretching out of the wreckage. I didn’ t know at that time whether the child was still alive or not. But it brought great pain to my heart because I realized that thousands of children were suffering agony and pain in the debris.

Three months later,I watched the opening ceremony of the Paralympics Games. In the ceremony, there was a beautiful little girl in white dress dancing in her wheelchair. And the commentator said she was a survivor of Wenchuan Earthquake. Again, I was shocked, and my heart was torn up by the clear awareness that the biggest loss we suffered was actually the loss of children. Many of them will become great writers, musicians, dancers and even scientists in the future. Even if they grow up humbly, they can still blossom and dedicate themselves to the prosperity of our nation. So ladies and gentleman, have you ever thought of this immeasurable loss？

Now through mass media I get to know more and more children in China——many of them are in kindergarten, donating their pocket money to support the relief work and reconstruction. The devastating earthquake has shaken their youthful hearts. They are no longer greenhouse flowers, but a new generation with sympathy and a strong sense of social responsibility. If there were real changes taking place in China after the earthquake, then I strongly believe that’ s the change of the children.

四、一定要以你深有感觸,或深受感動(dòng)的角度選擇題目（A topic from moveable perspective）

在演講前期,演講者需要選擇一個(gè)自己所關(guān)心的、愿意講的角度或切入點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)非常重要。只有關(guān)心自己所要表達(dá)的,認(rèn)為自己所傳達(dá)的信息是重要的,你才會(huì)有演講的熱情和積極性，并且同時(shí)會(huì)充分調(diào)動(dòng)聽(tīng)眾的所有熱情和積極性來(lái)參與到演講中。當(dāng)你演講時(shí),你會(huì)很興奮,你的面部表情、聲音、手勢(shì)都向聽(tīng)眾表明你的信息很重要，你愿意和聽(tīng)眾一起來(lái)分享。這樣無(wú)形之中你的熱情和興奮就會(huì)感染聽(tīng)眾,為一個(gè)良好的溝通過(guò)程奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

假如要為一次說(shuō)服性演講定題,選擇好一個(gè)題材后，就應(yīng)該做一些調(diào)查,諸如，讀一些報(bào)道,看一些圖片，從實(shí)際調(diào)查中得到啟發(fā)、觸動(dòng)。然后將這些心靈的觸動(dòng)和震顫真心地和大家一起分享。經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)密地組織材料和大量地調(diào)查,這樣的演講必定會(huì)與聽(tīng)眾產(chǎn)生共鳴，取得成功。

如果是給定的題目該怎么辦？就最近幾年大學(xué)生演講比賽的題目來(lái)說(shuō)，一般而言,都是一些比較大的題目,例如全球化、奧運(yùn)、教育等。不管題目有多大,或者被大家談過(guò)多少次,一定有一個(gè)你可以切入的、適合你自己的角度。例如,這些年大家都在談奧運(yùn),也舉辦過(guò)這樣那樣的演講比賽,大家也都有各自不同的切入點(diǎn),如奧運(yùn)的顏色、奧運(yùn)的口號(hào)、奧運(yùn)的精神、奧運(yùn)的影響等等。遇到這樣的題目,你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得實(shí)在沒(méi)什么可談的了。事實(shí)上,只要你深入挖掘,你一定可以找到一個(gè)適合的角度。例如,一個(gè)學(xué)生在談奧運(yùn)時(shí),通過(guò)她的親身經(jīng)歷,挖掘出這樣的角度,即為奧運(yùn)做準(zhǔn)備的幕后工作人員所作的貢獻(xiàn),很有意義。如:

On November 11th, 2005, I was at the 1000-day countdown ceremony to the 2008 Olympic Games. When the mascots were unveiled in a round of applause, a BOCOG official next to me murmured “This is one great game.”This is one great game. But unlike those who get to how Olympics through newspapers and television, I was there when China sent its teams to Turin, when the Beijing Olympic Committee launched its marketing schemes, and when the 1000-day countdown was initiated. I worked with the BOCOG staffs, met with the Olympic IT teams and talked to major media. When I think of Olympics, I see people whose work has made this event possible, and two kinds of spirit that have lifted it to greatness—dedication and the pursuit for perfection.

五、選題新穎，具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和感染性（A topic being creative and interest）

成功的溝通一定是雙向的,是演講者與聽(tīng)眾之間的相互交流。所以在選擇角度時(shí),應(yīng)該充分分析聽(tīng)眾,如聽(tīng)眾的背景、年齡、學(xué)識(shí)、閱歷等。聽(tīng)眾對(duì)演講者有一定的期望值,如果演講者所談的內(nèi)容在他們的期望值之下,演講也就無(wú)法勝出了。但如果演講者談的內(nèi)容超過(guò)了聽(tīng)眾的期望值,是聽(tīng)眾沒(méi)有想到的,很新奇,很有趣,有創(chuàng)造性,那么演講者勝出的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)大大增加。例如, “我眼中最偉大的發(fā)明”這個(gè)題目,很多人都寫(xiě)計(jì)算機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、音樂(lè)、學(xué)校、電、指南針、印刷術(shù)、電視等,大家很熟悉,不會(huì)有什么異議,但也很難說(shuō)服聽(tīng)眾它們是多么的偉大。但一個(gè)學(xué)生寫(xiě)的是“眼鏡” ,是這樣寫(xiě)的:

In the past few days, I was troubled by a really controversial topic: What is the greatest invention？ I did a little survey, and was dazzled by many brilliant ideas such as wheels, paper, clock, language, agriculture, penicillin, and so on. All of them are so great that I can’ t stop admiring the power of men’ s innovation. However, I am still quite uncertain what the greatest invention in my eyes is.

Then this happened. I woke up late this Friday morning and what’ s wrong？ I couldn't find my glasses!How could I live without them？Eyeglasses are always a part of me: They are the very first thing I put up when I wake up in the morning and the last thing I take off before I go to sleep. I was so terrified at the thought of walking outside of my dorm, bare-eyed. And suddenly, flick. The sparkles came out and I found my answer: The greatest invention in my eyes is the eyeglasses.

六、所選擇的題材或角度應(yīng)該具體（A concrete topic）

許多演講者進(jìn)行自命題演講時(shí),選擇的題材非常寬泛。有的演講者選擇在一個(gè)8至9分鐘的演講中討論安樂(lè)死、死刑有無(wú)必要或同性戀等問(wèn)題。這樣的題材非常具有爭(zhēng)議性,存在很多不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn),有很多具體的問(wèn)題牽涉在里面,在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)很難解釋清楚。在一些定題演講中,有時(shí)給出的題目也是非常大,范圍非常廣,如奧運(yùn)、因特網(wǎng)、全球化、東西方文化的碰撞等。無(wú)論在哪種情況下,你都需要將題目縮小到一個(gè)足夠具體的角度,使你能夠在給定時(shí)間內(nèi)用充足的材料闡述清楚。下面是主題為“希望學(xué)生參與學(xué)校的決策過(guò)程,增加學(xué)生的自主權(quán)”的演講稿的開(kāi)頭部分:

Though you work hard in your major course during the whole semester, your score, 84, is far from your expectation. As your teacher has admitted, some students’scores have to be lowered randomly in order to meet some requirements of the Academic Division. You are discontented because this score cannot represent your actual performance in your coursework effectively.

This is my own experience and I believe most of you would have similar ones because the Academic Division has adopted “Score Normal Distribution”policy since last semester. Since I have learnt something about testing in my statistics courses, I find some weaknesses in this policy. Besides, I have read some related articles and talked with my classmates and teachers to verify my doubts about this policy. So, today I want to talk about the faults of this policy and encourage you to take action to make university administration abolish normal distribution requirement.

七、所選擇的題材或角度應(yīng)該真實(shí)而有意義（A topic of reality and meaningful）

演講者所傳達(dá)的主題應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮,并通過(guò)調(diào)研具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)是值得聽(tīng)的,而不是膚淺的空話(huà)套話(huà)。偉大的演講一般都有一個(gè)深刻的主題,和當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代氣息息息相關(guān),甚至超越這一層面,是對(duì)一些永恒主題的追索或?qū)Ξ?dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)狀的探詢(xún)和剖析。這樣的主題才能對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的聽(tīng)眾乃至后人產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，例如耳熟能詳?shù)鸟R丁·路德·金的演講《我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想》 。在這里,并不是鼓勵(lì)所有的演講者一定要在演講中設(shè)定一個(gè)很高的高度,但至少你所說(shuō)的不能偏離普通聽(tīng)眾的價(jià)值觀(guān)和道德觀(guān),如愛(ài)、寬恕、誠(chéng)實(shí)、正直等。盡管在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中,這些價(jià)值觀(guān)和道德觀(guān)有時(shí)會(huì)有一些沖突,但是在美與丑、善與惡的基本區(qū)別上是一致的,是大家愿意追求的目標(biāo)。這也是演講中推崇的道德底線(xiàn)。另外，演講者所講的,所描繪的理想畫(huà)面一定是你深信不疑的。否則,在演講時(shí)如果只是在談一些空話(huà)、大道理,這樣的演講一定不會(huì)成功，因?yàn)?，?tīng)眾能覺(jué)察到你是否在說(shuō)自己的真實(shí)感受。下面是定題演講“Beijing 2008: The Meaning of the Bid”中其中一篇演講詞的開(kāi)頭:

Last December, I went to Boston to visit my parents. One day, when I was skating at Boston Common, I came to how a skating coach by the name of Joe Toliver, a very nice man. Joe was teaching several boys and girls, black and white. We talked, and he told me how much he loved sports. He said, “Sports are a sort of art, or a sort of music, that bring people together without the need of translation.”Those lovely boys and girls were here and there, giggling, shouting, and frolicking with joy. At that moment, an idea came to me, or rather a heart-felt wish: What if these children some day go to China, and play with Chinese boys and girls？

Sincerely, I wish they will come. I wish they will grow into strong and handsome young men and women, and come to Beijing in the year 2008 for the grand Olympic Games. Why they come I don’ t really care. They may come to compete in sports events other than skating. They may even come, not to play sports, but to cheer for their national teams. What’ s important is that they come. What is more important is that people all over the world will gather in Beijing for the bliss of peace and friendship. As Mr. Samaranch has said that the essence of Olympia is not confrontation; rather, the Olympic spirit is the desire for a healthy life, the desire for a better world.

在中間部分,又說(shuō)到:

Coming to recall the sight of the Sydney games, however, we see the athletes of North and South Korea parading as one team. We see American and Chinese women footballers hugging each other with tears in their eyes. There used to be no boundary in human world, and there shouldn’ t be. The Olympic flag represents a dream. People from the five continents join their hands like the five rings tightly connected. Misunderstandings are gone; confrontations are gone.

在結(jié)尾處,又提到:

My dear friends, let us firmly believe that under the guidance of the Olympic Flame, we will march together and sing together, for the peace of the world, for the brotherhood of mankind. That day will come, when our songs cross the time and space and go everlasting. And that will be the very day, when the Olympic dream comes true.

從演講所描繪的畫(huà)面可以看到,世界各地的人們和諧地聚集在一起,沒(méi)有分歧,沒(méi)有紛爭(zhēng)。這是一種理想境界,但卻是大家愿意接受和看到的。通過(guò)演講者個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的描寫(xiě),我們可以感受到這樣一幅畫(huà)面,是演講者真心希望的,是演講者想要傳達(dá)給大家的信息。那么這個(gè)主題就很真實(shí),不空洞,很有意義。

八、所選擇的觀(guān)點(diǎn)或角度經(jīng)得起推敲和琢磨（A topic with reasoning idea）

在寫(xiě)演講稿之前,需要做充分的調(diào)研,了解演講中談及的社會(huì)問(wèn)題的方方面面,留心不同的聲音,在此基礎(chǔ)上做出自己的判斷,并且這個(gè)判斷是符合自己身份的。演講內(nèi)容要具體,討論的東西要經(jīng)得起別人的推敲，要站得住腳。那么究竟該怎么樣選擇題目或角度呢？

（一）無(wú)論是定題演講還是自己選擇題目的演講,可以找到一張白紙,開(kāi)始天馬行空式地在腦子里搜尋（brainstorming）你想演講的主題或某個(gè)已定題目的方方面面,把它們都寫(xiě)在紙上,然后根據(jù)上述原則從最想談的角度去依次排列,再針對(duì)最想談的去做調(diào)研。

（二）對(duì)于定題演講,還可以和朋友、同學(xué)、家長(zhǎng)或老師談一談,看一看他們有什么新角度、新想法,這些想法或角度可能是你沒(méi)想到,但卻是很有價(jià)值的。

去圖書(shū)館,去翻看最近一年的期刊,看一看有沒(méi)有你感興趣的專(zhuān)題，如果你已經(jīng)定題了,那么就根據(jù)這個(gè)題目去做調(diào)研,看看有哪些專(zhuān)欄文章,有哪些主題可以談,你最感興趣的角度是哪些,有哪些不同的聲音。某一專(zhuān)題會(huì)在很多期刊雜志上或某一雜志的很多期上都有討論,多收集一些文章,在你開(kāi)始寫(xiě)稿子之前是非常有幫助的。

第二部分　案例閱讀（Case Study）

No.1 Confronting Myself——The Terror Causing Face

Imagine the most grotesque“face”you’ ve ever seen. One that makes you so disgusted that you flinch in pain, wanting to get away.

What do you see that frightens you so？ A partial face directly under his sullen, sunken face is a dark, black, cavernous hole, inhabiting the place where his nose, mouth, and cheeks should be. His entire nasal and oral cavities are missing. It appears to be eaten out, as if by some unknown, tragic disease. This is the face of a real man. A living, feeling person, whose looks would shock even the most calloused of individuals.

Seeing this made me confront myself, admit my inability to be love or accept the suffering of another; so serious, so severe, hat I would rather run and hide, than look again on the one whose pain is so deep and whose appearance causes such terror on the faces looking back.

“How would I feel if I was that man？”Looking in the mirror, I get upset having a few pimples. This man has to go through life with a face that frightens people.

Worse still, what if I wasn’ t affected by his looks, his pain, and I just kept walking, pretending this man’ s pain didn’ t exist. “Can I love this man？”I had to admit:“I can’ t! ”

Kingma said, “See if you can stretch your heart and expand your love, so that it touches not only those to whom you can give it easily, but also those who need it so much.”That day I confronted my humanity, and myself. It is easy to love those who are easy to love, but now I’ m trying to love those who are not so easily loved. How about you？

No.2 Confronting Myself

Honorable Judges, Ladies and Gentlemen, it’ s my great honor to be one of the speakers today.

First of all, I’ d like to share a story with you. Three years ago I found a part-time job as a training officer at a school. One day shortly after listening to my lecture, the headmaster came and shouted at me,“Do you know that half of your listeners walked off？ I want an explanation! ”

The following day, I turned in my resignation. But I wept bitterly that night. I thought a lot and I kept thinking, on and on until two years later. I restarted my career at the very school I once left merely because of my pride. You might say,“wasn’ t it quite embarrassing for you to go back？ ”“Well, yes.”So why did I do it？ Because I wanted to stand up again right from where I fell down!

During these two Years, I’ ve been actively involved in higher education administration for student counseling, conference arrangement, project coordination and inter-collegiate communication. The enrichment of experience taught me the significance of modesty, responsibility, tolerance, and perseverance. And I gradually realized how conceited and narrow-minded I was two years ago.

The way I saw things was created by the condition of my own reality then. And the way I understood these things produced the substance of their effect upon me. The decision of resuming my duty is not only a confrontation of that failure two years ago, but also the way it impacts me in my daily life. And I believe the achievement of this understanding will be found in the totality and tenacity with which I confront each obstacle.

No.3 Confronting Myself——Color of the wind

When I was in the kindergarten, I once showed off my painting to the class. To my surprise, they all burst into laughter.“Why did you paint the sky green？”O(jiān)ne asked. Unable to seek a valid answer, I replied drily.“Well, that’ s the color of wind.”

Though at that time I didn't realize that I was a color-blind at that time, my sensitivity told me something missing. My confidence wavered and from then on, I tried to avoid every occasion that called for the use of colors.

However, there is something in life that I can never avoid. In my senior high, I had to choose photography to meet curricular requirements. Still suffering from “color-phobia” , I only used black-and-white films to take pictures. Yet, my works turned out to be good ones. They say I have a special sense of light and shade; and by the use of simple picture composition, I can fully convey the theme of the photo.“Why not try some color films？”my photography teacher asked.

“I’ m a color-blind.”

“So what？”he patted on my shoulder, “it is your color blindness that gives you the stronger sense of light and shade, and helps you to grasp the theme of the photo without the distractions of colors.”

My teacher’ s words struck me. Later, I found out that the incidence of color-blindness is one of a thousand. To me, it is a blessing in disguise. With that in mind, I put a roll of color film in my camera and set out to take pictures. With the snapping sound of the shutter, I could not help but to paint the color of wind in my own pictures. The colors lie in my heart.

No.4 Confronting Myself——No Mountain is too High for Us to Climb

Honorable Judges, Ladies and Gentlemen

When in senior high school, I was a good student who was expected to perform well in the College Entrance Exam. However, to everyone’ s surprise, I failed and my heart sank. So I tried again the following year, but it seemed that God was not on my side. Peking University closed its doors to me. Feeling completely lost in time and space, I wanted to escape, even abandon myself to despair because I didn’ t know what my future would be like.

After a long period of meditation, I realized that no matter how excellent we think we were, it has become history and we have to face the facts.

Because if we don’ t confront and overcome our internal fears, we would cease to grow. We become trapped in a shell of our own making. And the best way to predict my future is to create it!

So, I started again, and to change, to make a breakthrough.

With this attitude and great efforts, doors have opened, as if by magic.

I won the second prize in a National TV Host Competition for college students.

And also, I got the 3rd place in a National Business Plan Contest.

Just several days ago, I received an offer from a famous multi-national company, which is many college students’dream. Looking back on the past days, these words are calling in my ear,“Bitter, sweet.”

Everything can be accomplished with your devotion and determination, for no mountain is too high for us to climb!Thank you!

第三部分　課后練習(xí)（ Practice）

思考與討論（Thinking and discussion）

1. Why interests are so important to public speech？

Key Points:

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2. How to control the direction of a topic？

Key Points:

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

應(yīng)用演練（Application exercises）

Design topics: 1. Cause of Failure in Study

　　　　　　　 2. Is It Necessary for People to Tell Lies Sometimes？

Example 1:

Cause of Failure in Study

There are usually several reasons why students do not do well m college. One reason is poor study habits. Many students do not know how to study effectively. They will just glance at their books instead of reading them carefully. They do not know how to take notes that will help them to learn. Other students seem to be going to college only for fun. They do not take their classes seriously. In my case, I a1most failed my first year because I did not know how to use my time effectively. Given a twenty five page history assignment to read, two pages of

French to translate, and a paragraph to write in English all at the same time, I did not how where to begin. Often I didn’ t finish all of my homework. It took me a whole year to learn how to manage my time. There may be other reasons why students fail their studies which they cannot help. For example, health problems, money problems, or family problems, may cause a student to do poorly. However improper use of one's time is certainly a major cause off failure.

Example 2:

Is It Necessary for People to Tell Lies Sometimes？

A lot of people like to tell lies. In daily life, telling lies has become the custom. Some people even feel proud of it. In fact, if they do not tell lies, they will be called “stupid” , or told that they are “not clever enough”or that“they lack social experience” . Therefore, people frequently say that if a person says two sentences, only one of them will be truthful.

In companies, people fear that others may know their own situation, so they mutually tell lies to each other. In society, the elder generation tells the youth not to tell the truth; otherwise, they will be ticked. At home, sometimes father and son tell lies to each other in order to hide their own faults. In the market, there is too much deception, such as fake products, poor quality disguised as good quality, false contacts, false advertisements for sales, fa1se services, and false businessmen. If you do not have a sharp pair of eyes, you cannot discern the difference.

Why do people like to tell lies？ The reason is that the traditional culture pursues the “good”but does not pursue the “truth” . Thus, the negative effects influence people until today. The irregular political and economic systems that exist today result man environment where people have to tell lies. Moreover, some people lack a boundary between“public”and “private” . The desire people have for knowing about others’private lives is another reason that people tell lies.