8.3　句式的重復(fù)

句式的重復(fù)中自然包括詞語的重復(fù)，但這部分我們主要探討有修辭意義的平行結(jié)構(gòu)（對偶和排比）的翻譯。最常見的當(dāng)然是保留句式的重復(fù)。

8.3.1　保留句式的重復(fù)

平行結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中也是較常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此保留句式重復(fù)的現(xiàn)象在英譯文中也是比較常見的。如：

例29.義和利，貌似相反，實則相通。“義”要求人獻身抽象的社會實體，“利”驅(qū)使人投身世俗的物質(zhì)利益，兩者都無視人的心靈生活，遮蔽了人的真正的“自我”?！傲x”教人奉獻，“利”誘人占有，前者把人生變成一次義務(wù)的履行，后者把人生變成一場權(quán)利的爭奪，殊不知人生的真價值是超乎義務(wù)和權(quán)利外的。義和利都脫不開計較，所以，無論義師討伐叛臣，還是利欲支配眾生，人與人之間的關(guān)系總是緊張。（周國平《在義和利之外》 ）

Indeed, righteousness and gain, seemingly poles apart, have much essence in common. Righteousness calls for a devotion to the whole society while gain drives one to pursue material interests. In both cases, one’s disposition is over- looked and his true“self”concealed.“Righteousness”teaches one to give while“gain”induces one to take. The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for wealth and power. We must remember, however, the true value of life is beyond obligations and power. Both righteousness and gain are yoked by calculating minds. That’s why we often find ourselves in a tense interpersonal relationship whether Mr. Righteousness is commanding or Mr. Gain, controlling

例30.我思念那洞庭湖，我思念那長江，我思念那東海，那浩浩蕩蕩的無邊無際的波瀾呀！那浩浩蕩蕩的無邊無際的偉大的力呀！那是自由、是跳舞、是音樂、是詩?。ü簟肚?）

Ah, I long for the Dongting Lake, I long for the Yangtze River, I long for the East-China Sea! That mighty and boundless expanse of waves! That mighty and boundless expanse of strength! That is liberty, dancing, music, and poetry!

例29保留原文多處對偶句式，亦保留了原文將“義”和“利”進行對比分析的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。例30保留原文的排比句式，也保留了原文充滿激情的詩一般的語言風(fēng)格。

雖然英語和漢語都有句式的重復(fù)，但漢語句式的重復(fù)無論在使用范圍、出現(xiàn)頻率和表達方式的多樣性方面都遠遠超過英語。漢譯英時，對于句式的重復(fù)主要有三種翻譯方法：完全保留、部分保留和放棄句式重復(fù)。前兩種方法運用的較多，因為翻譯不僅僅要翻譯原文的意義也要盡可能地再現(xiàn)原文的風(fēng)格。只有當(dāng)原文的修辭色彩不那么濃厚時，我們才采取融合法轉(zhuǎn)換原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

例29第一句中的“貌似相反，實則相通”就是采用的融合法，譯作“seemingly poles apart, have much essence in common”。接下來的三個對偶結(jié)構(gòu)中，譯文都完全保留了原文的句式重復(fù)，而且用“while”連接，更凸顯了對比的邏輯關(guān)系。最后一句，由于英漢語的語法差異，省略了“is”，屬于部分保留。例30中的“我思念……”和“那浩浩蕩蕩的無邊無際的……”，譯文采用了完全保留，而最后一句的“是……”的重復(fù)，同樣由于英漢語的語法差異，譯文采用了部分保留。

8.3.2　融合法

回到前面Fowler兄弟對重復(fù)的論述，英語的重復(fù)一般是修辭性的（rhetorical）。也就是說當(dāng)原文的句式重復(fù)有較強的修辭性時，譯文盡量保留其句式的重復(fù)，否則，可用融合的方法再現(xiàn)原文的意義而放棄原文的形式。再分別舉例說明：

例31.這半年來，我?guī)缀跚笃蛄?，實際，也可以算得已經(jīng)求乞。然而我還有所為，我愿意為此求乞，為此凍餒，為此寂寞，為此辛苦。但滅亡是不愿意的。（魯迅《孤獨者》 ）

During the last half year I have virtually been a beggar; it’s true, I could be considered a beggar. However, I had my purpose: I was willing to beg for the cause, to go cold and hungry for it, to be lonely for it, to suffer hardship for it. But I did not want to destroy myself.（完全保留）

例32.他暗暗地使天地變異，卻不敢毀滅這個地球；暗暗地使生物衰亡，卻不敢長存一切尸體；暗暗地使人類流血，卻不敢使血色永遠鮮濃；暗暗地使人類受苦，卻不敢使人類永遠記得。（魯迅《淡淡的血痕中》 ）

In secret, he causes heaven and earth to change, but dare not destroy this world. In secret, he causes living creatures to die, but dare not preserve their dead bodies. In secret, he causes mankind to shed blood, but dare not keep the bloodstains fresh for ever. In secret, he causes mankind to suffer pain, but dare not let them remember it for ever.（完全保留）

例33.秋天，無論在什么地方的秋天，總是好的；可是啊，北國的秋，卻特別地來得清，來得靜，來得悲涼。（郁達夫《故都的秋》 ）

Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy.（部分保留）

例34.讀書鉆研學(xué)問，當(dāng)然得下苦工夫。為應(yīng)考試，為寫論文，為求學(xué)位，大概都得苦讀。（楊絳《讀書苦樂》 ）

Reading and studying regularly calls for a painstaking effort, whether it is meant for passing an exam, writing a thesis or pursuing an academic degree.（部分保留）

例35.人生是什么？人生的真相如何？人生的意義何在？人生的目的是何？這些人生最重大最中心的問題，不只是古來一切大宗教家哲學(xué)家所殫精竭慮以求解答的。（宗白華《歌德之人生啟示》 ）

What is life? What are the true nature, meaning and purpose of life? Since ancient times, great philosophers and scholars of religion have strained their energy and intellect to the limit for an answer to these crucial and central questions in a person’s life.（融合法）

例36.她底思想似乎浮漂在極遠，可是她自己捉摸不定遠在那里。于是慢慢地跑回來，跑到眼前，跑到她底孩子底身上。（柔石《為奴隸的母親》 ）

Lost in deep thought, she seemed absolutely dead to the reality surrounding her. Later she gradually came to, and found herselfface to face with the present and her child.（融合法）

例37.潘先生前進后退都沒有希望，只得自己失約，先放了手，隨即驚惶地發(fā)命令道：“你們看著我！你們看著我！”（葉圣陶《潘先生在難中》 ）

Since Mr. Pan could see no way either to advance or to turn back, he had to be the first to violate his own admonition and let go of the child’s hand.“Keep your eyes on me, don’t lose sight of me,”he ordered, flustered and worried.（變換法）