危險因素的處理
(一)吸煙
吸煙可誘發(fā)或加重血管內(nèi)皮功能異常,促進凝血,誘發(fā)氧化應(yīng)激,干擾脂蛋白代謝,加重炎癥反應(yīng)和胰島素抵抗,增加冠心病死亡率。所以,所有冠心病患者都應(yīng)戒煙。
(二)高血壓
通過藥物與非藥物干預(yù),將患者血壓降至140/90mmHg以下,有心肌梗死病史、合并糖尿病、慢性腎病和腦卒中史者降至130/80mmHg以下。選擇降壓藥物時,應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮β受體阻滯藥和ACEI。
(三)糖代謝異常
研究表明,超過2/3的冠心病患者存在糖代謝異常,除顯性糖尿病外,糖耐量減低、空腹血糖異常均增加冠心病患者的事件發(fā)生率,影響其預(yù)后,應(yīng)給予相應(yīng)的關(guān)注和處理。
(宋尚明)
參考文獻
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