四、與茶相關(guān)內(nèi)容的翻譯

◆ 尤氏用茶盤親捧茶與賈母，蓉妻捧與眾老祖母，然后尤氏又捧與邢夫人，蓉妻又捧與眾姊妹。鳳姐李紈等只在地下伺候。

茶畢，邢夫人等便起身來侍賈母。賈母吃茶，與老妯娌閑話了兩三句，便命看轎。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十三回)

Madam You ceremoniously presented tea to the Lady Dowager while Jia Rong's wife served the other elderly ladies，after which Madam You served Lady Xing's group and Jia Rong's wife the girls．Xifeng and Li Wan stood by all this time in attendance．

After sipping some tea，Lady Xing and the rest rose to wait upon the Lady Dowager，and after a few words to the other old ladies she asked for her sedanchair．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 妙玉笑道：“你雖吃的了，也沒這些茶糟蹋。豈不聞‘一杯為品，二杯即是解渴的蠢物，三杯便是飲牛飲驢了’。你吃這一海便成什么?”說的寶釵、黛玉、寶玉都笑了。妙玉執(zhí)壺，只向海內(nèi)斟了約有一杯。寶玉細(xì)吃了，果覺輕浮無比，賞贊不絕。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第四十一回)

“Even if you can，I've not so much tea to waste on you．Have you never heard the saying：‘First cup to taste，second to quench a fool's thirst，third to water an ox or donkey’?What would you be if you swallowed such an amount?”

As the three others laughed，Miaoyu picked up the pot and poured the equivalent of one small cup into the goblet．Baoyu tasted it carefully and could not praise its bland purity enough．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】“一杯為品，二杯即是解渴的蠢物，三杯便是飲牛飲驢了”：《茶疏·飲啜》“一壺之茶，只堪再巡。初巡鮮美，再則甘醇，三巡意欲盡矣。余嘗與馮開之戲論茶候，以初巡為婷婷裊裊十三余，再巡為碧玉破瓜年，三巡以來，綠葉成蔭矣。開之大以為然。所以茶注欲小，小則再巡已終。寧使余芳剩馥，尚留葉中，猶堪飯后供啜漱之用，未遂棄之可也。若巨器屢巡，滿中瀉飲，待停少溫，或求濃苦，何異農(nóng)匠作勞，但需涓滴，何論品嘗，何知風(fēng)味乎?”(張俊等，1987：662)

◆ 寶玉便走過山石之后去站著撩衣，麝月秋紋皆站住背過臉去，口內(nèi)笑說：“蹲下再解小衣，仔細(xì)風(fēng)吹了肚子?！焙竺鎯蓚€(gè)小丫頭知是小解，忙先去茶房預(yù)備去了。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第五十四回)

Then Baoyu，stepping behind some rocks，lifted his gown．Sheyue and Qiuwen had stopped and averted their faces．“Don't undo your pants till you've squatted down，”they cried，“or you may catch a chill on your stomach．”When the two younger maids behind knew what he was up to，they hurried to the room where tea was made to get hot water．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 黛玉笑道：“你知道我這病，大夫不許我多吃茶，這半鐘盡夠了，難為你想的到?！闭f畢，飲干，將杯放下。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第六十二回)

But Daiyu said，“You know the doctor won't let me drink too much tea on account of my illness，so this half cup is plenty．Thank you for bringing it．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 寶玉笑道：“有沒有也不管你，你只叫住他倒碗茶來我吃，就丟開手。”秦鐘笑道：“這又奇了，你叫他倒，還怕他不倒?何必要我說呢?！睂氂竦溃骸拔医兴沟氖菬o情意的，不及你叫他倒的是有情意的?！鼻冂娭坏谜f道：“能兒，倒碗茶來給我?！?曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第十五回)

“Well，never mind．Tell her to pour me some tea and I'll let you off．”

“Don't be ridiculous．Could she refuse if you ask her yourself?Why should I ask for you?”

“For you she would do it for love，but not for me．”

Then Qin Zhong said，“Bring me some tea，Zhineng，will you?”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】這里寫寶玉、秦鐘到饅頭庵，寶玉要秦鐘讓智能倒茶，雖有調(diào)笑之意，卻是以茶論婚風(fēng)俗的表現(xiàn)。(胡文彬，2005：514)

◆ 當(dāng)下和尚工課已完，奠過晚茶，賈珍便命賈蓉請鳳姐歇息。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第十五回)

As soon as the monks had completed their devotions and the evening offerings of tea had been made，Jia Zhen sent Jia Rong to urge Xifeng to rest．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】“奠”：用祭品向死者致祭。佛家稱在佛前祖前靈前供茶為“奠茶”。葬式據(jù)棺于龕堂后，又進(jìn)行奠茶奠湯的佛事，一日兩次，午前先湯后茶，午后先茶后湯。奠晚茶，指的是午后的那次奠茶儀式。(張俊等，1987：249)

◆ 一局輸贏料不真，香消茶盡尚逡巡。欲知目下興衰兆，須問旁觀冷眼人。(曹雪芹《紅樓夢》第二回回前詩)

A verse says：

Who can guess the outcome of a game of chess?

Incense burned out，tea drunk——it's still in doubt．

To interpret the signs of prosperity or decline

An impartial onlooker must be sought out．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

【注】這里作者以茶暗示世家大族的賈府不配有更好的命運(yùn)，“茶盡”和“香消”猶同“運(yùn)終數(shù)盡”。

◆ 眾人七手八腳，將他抬了出來，貢院前一個(gè)茶棚子里坐下，勸他吃了一碗茶。(吳敬梓《儒林外史》第三回)

Then all the others lent a hand to carry him out and set him down in a teahouse in front of the examination school．They urged him to drink a bowl of tea．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 五更鼓出來拜堂，聽見說有婆婆就惹了一肚氣。出來使性摜氣磕了幾個(gè)頭，也沒有茶，也沒有鞋。拜畢就往房里去了。丫頭一會(huì)出來要雨水煨茶與太太嗑;一會(huì)出來叫拿炭燒著了進(jìn)去與太太添著燒速香;一會(huì)出來到廚下叫廚子蒸點(diǎn)心、做湯，拿進(jìn)房來與太太吃。(吳敬梓《儒林外史》第二十七回)

At the fifth watch，when it was time for the bride to pay her respects to her husband's ancestors，she was furious to learn that she had a mother-in-law．She kowtowed sullenly a few times，without offering tea or shoes，then went straight back to her room．Her maids kept coming out to demand rain-water for their mistress's tea and charcoal for her incense，or to ask the cook to make dumplings or soup for her．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 杜慎卿不能推辭，只得坐下。季恬逸見他不吃大葷，點(diǎn)了一賣板鴨、一賣魚、一賣豬肚、一賣雜膾，拿上酒來。吃了兩杯酒，眾人奉他吃菜。杜慎卿勉強(qiáng)吃了一塊板鴨，登時(shí)就嘔吐起來。眾人不好意思。因天氣尚早，不大用酒，搬上飯來。杜慎卿拿茶來泡了一碗飯，吃了一會(huì)吃不完，遞與那小小子拿下去吃了。(吳敬梓《儒林外史》第二十九回)

Knowing that he did not like pork，Chi Tien-yi ordered duck，fish，tripe，minced meat and wine．After two cups of wine，they urged Tu to eat，and he forced himself to swallow a mouthful of duck，but brought it up again immediately，to the great embarrassment of all．Because it was still early they did not drink much，but had the rice brought in．Tu steeped a bowl of rice in tea and made an effort to eat;but he could not finish it，and gave what was left to his boy．(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

◆ 于老者道：“恰好烹了一壺現(xiàn)成茶，請用杯!”斟了送過來。荊元接了坐著吃，道：“這茶，色、香、味都好。老爹，卻是那里取來的這樣好水?”于老者道：“我們城西不比你城南，到處井泉，都是吃得的?！?吳敬梓《儒林外史》第五十五回)

“I've just made a pot of tea．Please have a cup．”

He poured out a cup and passed it to Ching，who sat down．

“This tea looks，smells and tastes delicious，uncle，”said Ching．“Where do you get such good water?”

“We're better off than you folk in the south city．We can drink from all thewells here in the west．”(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)

附

潮汕地區(qū)最高的山峰是鳳凰山，山上有天池，是上萬年前火山爆發(fā)后形成的。鳳凰山不僅以風(fēng)光秀麗著稱，還有許多人文景觀讓游人流連忘返。鳳凰山還是畬族(主要分布在福建、浙江、江西、廣東和安徽)的發(fā)源地之一，鳳凰茶更是聞名遐邇。

在鳳凰境內(nèi)，200年樹齡以上的老茶樹就有3 000多株，這在國內(nèi)甚至世界范圍內(nèi)都是絕無僅有的。更讓人叫絕的是在它的主峰烏崠頂，有一棵900多年的老茶樹，這就是有名的宋茶樹。

鳳凰山宋茶樹何時(shí)成為專供皇帝享用的“貢茶”?說法不一，有的說始于宋代，有的說始于明代，筆者認(rèn)為最遲應(yīng)該是在宋末元初。因?yàn)樵缭诿鞔胫文觊g，這片生長貢茶(也就是那棵宋茶樹)的山地已被命名為“待詔山”，用這棵宋茶樹采摘的茶葉焙制出來的貢茶，自然就叫“待詔茶”?；实劾蟽汉退窒碌哪切┕賳T，不會(huì)平白無故地就給一片山和一種茶葉冠以“待詔”二字的。

由于“待詔茶”專供遠(yuǎn)在京城的皇帝及其后妃和皇子皇孫享用，百姓和一般官員不得染指，這棵宋茶樹就被蒙上了一層神秘色彩。比如說茶樹長在懸崖陡壁之上，人無法上去采摘，鳳凰山頂太平寺的僧人就訓(xùn)練一只靈猴，專門負(fù)責(zé)采摘。日子久了，負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管的官員甚至不準(zhǔn)任何人靠近茶樹，采茶季節(jié)到了就放出靈猴，靈猴脖子上掛個(gè)官府發(fā)的特制茶簍，靈猴采茶時(shí)極其靈活和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，什么茶葉可以摘，什么茶葉不可以摘，靈猴分得清清楚楚，比人還管用。碰到特別好的茶葉，靈猴還會(huì)放到鼻上聞聞嗅嗅，有時(shí)還忍不住含進(jìn)嘴里嘗嘗。據(jù)說靈猴嘗過的茶的味道更加獨(dú)特芬芳，是難得的極品。

還有傳說稱，昔年朝廷在鳳凰山上設(shè)置有“品級”的專職官員，他別的事不干，只看守這棵老茶樹。越說越離奇，甚至說到新中國成立后，政府還派一個(gè)排的兵力來駐守……

20世紀(jì)70年代初，筆者曾為此事的真實(shí)性問過一位外貿(mào)局干部，他長期在鳳凰山從事外貿(mào)工作。他說鳳凰山確有駐軍，但和宋茶樹完全沒有關(guān)系。不過，他也說，外貿(mào)部門在鳳凰山有常駐人員卻是事實(shí)，主要任務(wù)就是收購茶供出口。當(dāng)時(shí)，我國能夠出口換外匯的，除了抽紗刺繡一類的手工藝術(shù)品外，就只有土特產(chǎn)了。他說，他在鳳凰山工作到快退休才回汕頭，沒敢嘗過一杯“待詔茶”，因?yàn)榕缓脮?huì)丟飯碗的!它實(shí)在太稀罕，產(chǎn)量太少了。雖然這叢茶常年可摘二斤多，論單叢產(chǎn)量已不算少，但再豐收也多不到哪里去，因?yàn)橹挥羞@一棵!

改革開放以后，百姓也吃得起“待詔茶”了。技術(shù)人員已對它進(jìn)行嫁接，將老茶樹的茶枝牽引到地上，等它成活后再分離母體。當(dāng)然，一般人仍難吃到正宗的宋茶。物以稀為貴，一斤賣到萬元以上，而且逐年攀升。

“待詔茶”有名，并非因?yàn)橛性S多神秘色彩，而是味道確實(shí)極佳。鳳凰山山好水好，它長在終年云霧繚繞的烏崠頂。那位外貿(mào)局干部說，他在鳳凰山時(shí)，一年能看到日頭的時(shí)間不會(huì)超過三個(gè)月。春夏二季，衣服休想曬干，只有放到火上烤。俗話說好山好水出好茶，鳳凰山茶得天池水滋潤，茶葉一條條好像蠶一樣大小，生茶條索緊結(jié)，色澤黑褐，有油光，香氣高銳，富有刺激性，冷嗅有余香。再經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格挑選，精工焙制，滋味醇厚鮮爽，山韻味濃且持久，回甘力強(qiáng)又耐泡。

鳳凰山“待詔茶”在新中國成前一直是鳳凰山太平寺的資產(chǎn)，新中國成立后，一段時(shí)間劃歸農(nóng)場管理，現(xiàn)在已由專人承包。當(dāng)你登上鳳凰山，暢游了天池，欣賞了南海日出，何妨再上烏崠頂(待詔山)，一邊觀宋茶，一邊品佳茗。這樣，景也看了，茶也喝了，可以心滿意足地下山去了。

(千年宋茶說“待詔”，盧繼定作，原載《羊城晚報(bào)》2007年4月2日B5版)