4.2.1　英語新聞導(dǎo)語列舉

1．BAGHDAD，Iraq—Six American Marines were killed in action in western Iraq，the US command said Tuesday．(AP，2005-8-2)

這個導(dǎo)語里包括了Who(Six American Marines)，What(were killed in action)，Where(in western Iraq，)和When(Tuesday)這四個新聞要素，而其中的時間要素又出現(xiàn)在新聞來源中，以表示最近的時間。the US command said乃是這個新聞報(bào)道的新聞來源，即交代新聞的出處(關(guān)于新聞來源的敘述見下文)。

2．LONDON—Police investigating failed July 21 bomb attacks in London said Monday they had arrested two men during raids in the city，as authorities tried to determine whether there were links between that attack and the transit bombings two weeks earlier．(AP，2005-8-2)

這個導(dǎo)語中的主題句也包含了除了Why之外的四個新聞要素，即Who(Police investigating failed July 21 bomb attacks in London)，What(they had arrested two men during raids in the city)，Where(in the city)和When(Monday)。導(dǎo)語中的后面一個時間狀語從句則是根據(jù)英語新聞導(dǎo)語重要性依次遞減的規(guī)則所做的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充。

3．The suspect arrested here in the failed London bombings of July 21 appears to have been part of an“impromptu”group without ties to any broader terrorist network in Italy，Italian antiterror investigators said Monday．(NY Times，2005-8-2)

這個導(dǎo)語只包含了三個新聞要素，即Who(The suspect arrested here in the failed London bombings of July 21)，What(appears to have been part of an“impromptu”group without ties to any broader terrorist network in Italy)以及When(Monday)。

4．WENATCHEE，Wash．—Residents of more than 70 homes near Lake Wenatchee were told Monday they should evacuate to avoid a fast-burning wildfire．(AP，2005-8-2)

這個新聞的導(dǎo)語則包括了四大要素，分別是Who(Residents of more than 70 homes)，What(were told they should evacuate to avoid a fast-burning wildfire)，Where(near Lake Wenatchee)和When(Monday)。

為了簡便起見，以下分析以簡明扼要的方式進(jìn)行。

5．BERLIN，Germany(AP)—Police discovered the remains of nine newborn babies buried in a garden in eastern Germany and arrested a woman believed to be the children's mother，prosecutors said．

Who=Police

What=discovered the remains of nine newborn babies buried/arrested a woman believed to be the children's mother

Where=in eastern Germany

6．The bodies were found Sunday in the garden of a house in Brieskow-Finkenheerd，a village near the Polish border，Michael Neff，a spokesman for prosecutors in nearby Frankfurt an der Oder，said Monday．(AP，2005-8-2)

Who=The bodies

What=were found

When=Sunday

Where=in the garden of a house in Brieskow-Finkenheerd，a village near the Polish border

7．TEHRAN，Aug．1—Defying the warning of European leaders，Iran said Monday that it was removing the seals placed by the United Nations nuclear agency at one of its nuclear sites to restart activities there．(NY Times，2005-8-2)

Who=Iran

What=said that it was removing the seals placed by the United Nations nuclear agency at one of its nuclear sites to restart activities there

When=Monday

Where=Iran/at one of its nuclear sites

8．Three men were questioned by police yesterday over the racist murder of the black teenager Anthony Walker．(Guardian，2005-8-5)

Who=Three men

What=were questioned by police over the racist murder of the black teenager Anthony Walker

When=yesterday

9．DENVER—A soldier who returned from Iraq nine days earlier apparently shot and killed his wife and then himself at their home near Fort Collins，Army officials said Thursday．(AP，2005-8-5)

Who=A soldier who returned from Iraq nine days earlier What=apparently shot and killed his wife and then himself Where=at their home near Fort Collins

英語新聞的導(dǎo)語還有一個比較經(jīng)典的寫作方式，尤其是在報(bào)道具體的事件時候，這個格式就是以Who，What，When，Where構(gòu)成導(dǎo)語的主體，然后接一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示事件造成的后果或結(jié)果，也就是說以一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語來作結(jié)果狀語，表示事件造成的后果。這種導(dǎo)語撰寫方式可以說是相當(dāng)普遍。例如:

10．More than 1 million people fled their homes along China's southeast coast as Typhoon Haitang slammed into the mainland yesterday after hammering Taiwan，killing four people．(China Daily，July 20，2005)

11．RENTON，Wash.—Two small planes collided Thursday over this Seattle suburb，with one crashing into an empty school，killing both people aboard，police said．(AP，2005-8-5)

12．RALEIGH，N.C.—An original copy of the Bill of Rights that was given to North Carolina by George Washington back in 1789 was returned to the state Thursday，culminating a bitter legal tug-of-war over the historic document．(AP，2005-8-5)

另外，英語新聞的導(dǎo)語事實(shí)上并非完全按照囊括五要素這種經(jīng)典方式來撰寫，因?yàn)檫@種方式撰寫的導(dǎo)語現(xiàn)在被越來越多的人認(rèn)為沒有新意，缺少活力，難以一下子就抓住讀者或者觀眾的注意力。因此，現(xiàn)在的英語新聞導(dǎo)語往往喜歡從這一新聞報(bào)道中的一個細(xì)小的情節(jié)入手，從而起到引人入勝的效果，即所謂櫥窗式導(dǎo)語。

13．RANDOLPH，N.J.，Aug．1—It was 2 a.m．on Saturday and there was nothing going on in this affluent，woodsy community when Jonathan Zarate，18，asked the girl next door to come over and watch TV．(NY Times，2005-8-2)

14．Even on Massachusetts'Cape Cod，usually a haven during the steamiest weather，residents were baking．“The water just pours off of you，”said Carla Sullivan，the dockmaster at Hyannis Marina．“This is Texas hot．”(Associated Press，2006-8-3)